Veronica Hernandez

SINGULAR SUBJECT uses If a phrase comes between the

SINGULAR VERB SUBJECT and the VERB, consider only
the subject.
The dog barks.
The teacher as well as her students
walks to the library.

“teacher” is SINGULAR SUBJECT

PLURAL SUBJECT uses “walks” is SINGULAR VERB
PLURAL VERB

The dogs bark.

 Compound subjects Consider the SUBJECT closer to the
connected by the word “AND” use a verb of 2 or more subjects joined by
PLURAL VERB “OR” or “NOR”.

Monica and David are transferring to Either her colleagues or her boss leads
another school. the opening.

Compound subjects are “or” is conjunction

2 or more subjects “Leads” is a verb
“boss” is closest to the verb and
“boss” is singular
When a sentence starts with the words Nouns that end with -S
“HERE” or “THERE”, but are not plural
the subject is placed after the verb.
news, measles, mathematics, politics
These words only tell the location.
These words use
There IS my jacket. SINGULAR VERB

There ARE my jackets.

 These indefinite pronouns use a If collective noun is doing the SAME
SINGULAR VERB action it uses SINGULAR VERB

Each, Each One, Either, Neither, The team IS playing in the

Everyone, Everybody, Anybody, Anyone, championship game.
Nobody, Somebody,
Someone, No One If collective noun is doing DIFFERENT
actions it uses PLURAL VERB

Somebody ate my sandwich. The teams ARE playing in the

championship game.

team, committee, class, family

 Ways to Change a SINGULAR Noun to a PLURAL Noun

1. Add -S at the end of a singular noun to make it plural

flower flowers

2. Add -es at the end of singular nouns that end in the below to
make them plural

S, ss, sc, ch, x, zz,

box boxes

3. Drop the y at the end of singular noun and add -ies to make
it plural.

kitty kitties
 Regular Verbs
To change PRESENT-TENSE VERBS to PAST-TENSE VERBS,
Add -ed or -d

play played
juggle juggled

Irregular Verbs
Except for the verb be, all verbs in English have five forms.

BASE FORM walk

PAST TENSE walked
PAST PARTICLE walked
PRESENT PARTICLE walking
-S FORM walks

With some verbs, we do not add -ed or -e to talk about the past,
instead the VERB changes in some other way.

The king sits on the throne.

The king sat on the throne.
 What is verb mood?
Mood is a property of verbs which shows the mood or
attitude of the speaker.

Indicative Mood
Use for facts, opinions and questions

Cindy IS quiet.

Imperative Mood
Used for orders or advice

Cindy, BE quiet.

Subjunctive Mood
Used to express wishes, requests, suggestions, hypothetical

If Cindy WERE quiet, I would be happy.

 A PRONOUN is a word that takes place of a Pronouns
noun. I = subject pronoun
An ANTECEDENT is the word that a pronoun
Subject pronoun goes before the verb.
refers to.
I am reading.
A pronoun agrees with its antecedent in
number, gender and person.

The girl turned in her work.

GIRL = singular antecedent. ME = object pronoun

HER = singular pronoun. Object pronoun goes after the verb.
He wants to read with me.
The girls turned in their work.

GIRLS = plural antecedent

THEIR = plural pronoun
When should “who” or “whom” be used?

The Basic Rule

WHO = used as a subject

The spy who loved me.

WHOM = used as an object

The spy whom I loved.

Carpet Clipart Student - Reading Partners Clipart. (n.d.) SeekPNG. Retrieved December 14, 2020 from
https://www.seekpng.com/ima/u2w7t4o0i1u2t4w7/
Coat Cliparts #60287 (n.d.). Clipart Library. Retrieved December 14, 2020 from
http://clipart-library.com/clipart/303876.htm
Coat Cliparts #60301 (n.d.). Clipart Library. Retrieved December 14, 2020 from
http://clipart-library.com/clipart/303918.htm
Detective with Magnifying Glass Clip Art Image. (n.d.). My Cute Graphics. Retrieved December 14, 2020 from
https://www.mycutegraphics.com/graphics/detective/detective-with-magnifying-glass.html
Hacker, D. & Sommers, N. (2011). A Writer’s Reference. (7th Ed.). Bedford/St. Martin’s.
Kids Playing Sports Clipart. (n.d.). Pinterest. Retrieved December 14, 2020 from
https://www.pinterest.nz/pin/606226799831108485/
Newspaper Clipart. (n.d.). Pinterest. Retrieved December 14, 2020 from
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/741827369843164209/
Puppy Clipart. (n.d.). Clipartix. Retrieved December 14, 2020 from https://clipartix.com/puppy-clip-art-image-51763/
Sandwich Clipart. (2017). For The Love Of Cooking. Retrieved December 14, 2020 from
https://fortheloveofcooking.net/sandwich-clipart-burger_sandwich_png4138
Students in Line with Teacher Clip Art Image. (n.d.). My Cute Graphics. Retrieved from
https://www.mycutegraphics.com/graphics/teacher/students-in-line-with-teacher.html
Student Reading Cartoon. (n.d.). ClipArtKey. Retrieved December 14, 2020 from
https://www.clipartkey.com/view/wmwThm_students-reading-cartoon-transparent-background/