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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

 Earthquake

Earthquakes are sudden vibrations or shaking of the earth's crust caused by the process of
releasing energy over a short time interval. Based on the depth of the source of the
earthquake, earthquakes are distinguished from shallow earthquakes if the depth is D ≤ 70
km, moderate earthquakes if 70 ≤ D ≤ 300 km and deep earthquakes if D ≥ 300 km.
Meanwhile, based on the strength of the earthquake it is stated in Magnitodo (M) units which
indicate the strength of the earthquake. North Sumatera has a fairly high seismic rate, this
can be seen from the tectonic conditions that are in the subduction zone between the Indo-
Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate, where the Indo-Australia Plate is infiltrating under
the Eurasian Plate, with a speed of 7 mm/year (Figure 1). The subduction zone is located on
the western side of the island of Sumatra and the Sumatra fault zone known as the Sumatra
Fault System which extends from Aceh to the South of the Sunda Strait.

Figure 1 Seismicity map of Northern Sumatra

Based on the seismicity map of northern Sumatra for the period 2018, it can be seen that
the distribution of the distribution of earthquakes is clustered in several segments of the
Sumatra fault and in sub-zone zones. Shallow earthquakes (red) at a hypocenter depth of
0-60 km occur in several major to minor segments of the Sumatera fracture and in the
subduction zone of West Sumatra (most of the epicenters are in the western sea area of
Sumatra). Then a shallow earthquake can be seen (yellow) at a depth of 60-300 km in the
central part of North Sumatra Province.
To determine the seismic condition in Batubara Regency and its surroundings, the method
used is to collect secondary data from the Center for Meteorology, Climatology and
Geophysics (BBMKG) Region 1 Medan, seismic measurement data in the Batubara area
and its surroundings for the last 10 years (Seismicity Map).

Figure 2 Seismicity Map of Batubara Regency surrounding

Based on the Seismicity map of the Batubara Regency in the 2010-2019 period, it can be
seen that the occurrence of earthquakes in this area is generally small compared to the
areas on the west coast of North Sumatra Province. Based on the seismicity map, this area
has experienced 1 earthquake on August 9, 2019 in the Batubara Regency which was
affected by plate subduction activity with an earthquake magnitude <4.5 (yellow) which is at
a hypocenter depth of 215 Km. Furthermore, on July 5, 2013 with an epicenter distance of
36 km south of Kuala Tanjung or in the Simalungun area (red).

The active Sumatra fault segments that pass through the Province of North Sumatra are the
Renun segment, the Toru segment, the Barumun segment and the Angkola segment. There
are several segments that are closest to the Kuala Tanjung Batubara area is the Renun
segment which is ± 155 km away. Based on this symmetrical data, it can be concluded that
the Batubara area and its surroundings have a low seismic zone, but seeing the condition of
its constituent rocks which are generally composed of alluvial deposits such as clay, sand or
clay sand. The existence of liquefaction is one of the concerns and threats in that area. For
further analysis, it is necessary to study the value of rock acceleration when an earthquake
occurs in an area.

Data analysis was performed using soil investigation data and analysis program. RTK
Geodetic GPS is used to determine the X, Y, and Z coordinates with reference to the BM or
TTG points around the study location. Soil investigation results were used to determine site
class while the coordinates were used to get the mapped values of S S and S1 using a
application accessible at RSA PUSGEN-PUSKIM PU. This application will help to calculate
the values of SS, S1, SDS, and SD1 based on input consisting of either geographic coordinates
(latitude and longitude) and site class. The following is a soil layer profile and the location of
Refinery Plans in Kuala Tanjung.

The seismic design parameters presented here in were determined by PUSGEN-PUSKIM


PU application for the jobsite coordinates (3.37365 North Latitude and 99.4330 East
Longitude). Because the land will be planned for oil palm and refinery planting, so the
occupancy (risk) were categorized to IV, we are going to characterize the engineering
properties of these soils using the number of blows ( Ń ) method.

Evaluation of the subsurfaces indicates that soils are generally alluvium that consists of very
loose sands to very soft clays. Near surface soils encountered in Borings B1 to B10 are
characterized by moderate blow counts and in‐place densities. Testing indicates that
anticipated bearing soils lie in the “soft” expansion range because the number of blows Ń <
15. The calculated number of blows adjusts for Soil Site Class E.

Figure 3 Respon Spectrum Parameters using PUSGEN-PUSKIM PU Program

Tabel 1 Summary of Seismic Parameters - SNI 1726:2019

Seismic Design Parameters


Batubara Regency,
Kuala Tanjung
North Sumatra
Location Latitude 3,37365
Longitude 99,4330
Risk Category Refinery Plan IV
Importance Factor Ie 1,5
Site Class SE (Soft Clay Soil)
MCER ground motion for
Ss 0.499887
0.2 s period
MCER ground motion for
S1 0.289335
1 s period
Site amplification factor
Fa 1.700316
at 0.2 s
Site amplification factor
Fv 2.853325
at 1 s
Site-modified spectral
acceleration value SMs 0.849966
at 0.2 s period
Site-modified spectral
acceleration value SM1 0.825567
at 1 s period
Numeric seismic design
SDS 0.566644
value at 0.2 s
Numeric seismic design
SD1 0.550378
value at 1 s
T0 0.194259
Period Parameter
Ts 0.971294

Because the structure risk category is IV and based on the value of S DS = 0.5666 which is
greater than 0.5. Then for the SD1 value = 0.5504, which is greater than 0,2, it is determined
that the seismic design category for refinery plans in Kuala Tanjung is at SDC D.

 Tsunami
Research has been carried out to determine the characteristics of tsunamis in Sumatra,
showing that tsunamis occur in the form of disruption of sea water due to triggers such as
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides. The potential for a tsunami is generated by
an earthquake that has a return period.

The earthquake that occurred has two possibilities, namely the potential or not a tsunami
potential. In other words, every earthquake that occurs does not always have the potential for
a tsunami. There are several the criteria for an earthquake to be considered a potential
tsunami, are generally seen from known earthquake parameters as follows (Marwanta,
2005);

1) The epicenter of the earthquake (Hypocenter) is below sea level.

2) The depth of the earthquake is shallow (0 <h ≤ 60 km).

3) Vertical source mechanism.


4) Large magnitude, the strength of an earthquake is the dominant factor in the height of the
tsunami waves.

1 ZONA SUBDUKSI

2 ZONA PATAHAN

3 INVESTIGATOR FRACTURE ZONE

Figure 4 Seismicity map of Northern Sumatra

Based on the Seismicity Map, the segment closest to the Kuala Tanjung Batubara area is the
Renun segment which is ± 155 Km away. Based on these sesimistas data, it can be
concluded that the Batubara and its surroundings have a low seismic zone.

Based on the subduction zone, the Sumatra Fault Zone and the Investigator Fracture Zone
(IFZ) are also potential sources of earthquakes and tsunamis. IFZ) then the potential for a
tsunami based on earthquakes on land and earthquakes below sea level is small, so the
potential for a tsunami in the Kuala Tanjung area is relatively small.

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