328 SAMPLE EXAMS

Equations of use in the closed-book exam (use this page for your work)
W = mg PV = mRT

F = Kx T= C + 273

Pabs = Pgage + Patm

F Pv
P= Z=
A RT
V
v= h = u + Pv; h = Cp T
m
v = vf + xðvg − vf Þ Q − W = U; u = Cv T
R
W= P dV W_ = T ω
V2
= mRT ln if T = const. W_ = VI
V1
 SAMPLE EXAMS 329

Solution to Exam No. 1

1. (B)

2. (D) J = Nm = ðN=m2 Þm3 = Pam3

3. (C)

4. (A) P = gh: 100 000 = 600  9:8h: ∴h = 17:0 m

5. (A) PA = Kx. 400 000  0:022 = 800x. ∴x = 0:628 m

6. (D) vg > v1 > vf . v2 > vg . ∴ State 1 is in the quality region, state 2 is superheat.

38
7. (D) h = ð3023 − 2902Þ = 2994 kJ=kg
50

8. (C) 2000 = 851 + xð2595 − 851Þ: ∴x = 0:659: v = 0:0012 + 0:659ð0:1274 − 0:0012Þ = 0:0843 m3 =kg

0:1324 − 0:1274
9. (D) v1 = vg = 0:1274 = v2 . T2 = 600  C. P2 = ð1Þ + 3 = 3:15 MPa
0:1324 − 0:09885

10. (B) m = PV=RT = 380  0:2=ð0:287  298Þ = 0:888 kg

11. (A) PR = 2=3:39 = 0:59. TR = 150=126:2 = 1:19. ∴Z = 0:875.

m = PV=ZRT = 2000  0:2=ð0:875  0:297  150Þ = 10:2 kg

R R 0:8
12. (D) W = P dV = 0:2 ð0:2 + 0:4V Þ dV = 0:2ð0:8 − 0:2Þ + 0:2ð0:82 − 0:22 Þ = 0:24 kJ

13. (B) W = mPv = 10  500ð0:443 − 0:0012Þ = 2120 kJ

14. (B) v1 = 0:7726. v2 = v1 − 0:5ð0:2Þ = 0:6726. P2 = 400 kPa. ∴T2 = 315  C

15. (D) Q = mh = 1ð3098 − 3273Þ = 175 kJ

16. (A) Q = mu = 1ð2829 − 1246Þ = 1580 kJ

since v3 = v2 = 0:6726 = 0:001 + x3 ð1:694 − 0:001Þ. ∴x3 = 0:397 and u3 = 1246

17. (C) W = ð10  100 + 50  100Þ5  60 = Q = mCv T = 2  717T . ∴T = 313  C

v2 1
18. (D) Q = mRT ln = 1  0:287  373 ln = − 74 kJ
v1 2

19. (A) −W = mh = 5  Cp T = 5  1:0  100 = 500 kJ

20. (A) mcu Ccu Tcu = mw Cw Tw . 5  0:39ð200 − T2 Þ = 20  4:18ðT2 − 10Þ. ∴T2 = 14  C
330 SAMPLE EXAMS

Exam No. 2 (This exam covers Section 4.8 through Chapter 6)

Name ____________

1. Which of the following is not a control volume?

(A) insulated tank (B) car radiator (C) compressor (D) turbine

2. Flow in a pipe is assumed to be uniform. The x-coordinate is along the pipe and r is the radial
coordinate. Which of the following is not true?
(A) v = vðrÞ (B) v = vðxÞ (C) v = v(t) (D) v = const.

3. Liquid water flows in the pipe at 12 m/s. The pipe’s diameter is reduced by a factor of 2. What is the
velocity in the reduced section?
(A) 36 m=s (B) 48 m=s (C) 24 m=s (D) 3 m=s

4. A nozzle accelerates steam at 4 MPa and 500  C to 1 MPa and 300  C. If V 1 = 20 m=s, the exiting
velocity is nearest:
(A) 575 m=s (B) 750 m=s (C) 825 m=s (D) 890 m=s

5. Calculate the mass flow rate at the nozzle exit of Question 4 if d1 =10 cm.
(A) 2.9 kg=s (B) 2.3 kg=s (C) 1.8 kg=s (D) 1.1 kg=s

6. 100 kg=min of air enters a tube at 25  C and leaves at 20  C. The heat loss is nearest:
(A) 750 kJ=min (B) 670 kJ=min (C) 500 kJ=min (D) 480 kJ=min

7. Calculate the power needed to raise the pressure of water 4 MPa assuming the temperature remains
constant. The mass flux is 5 kg=s and Q_ = 0.
(A) 20 kW (B) 32 kW (C) 48 kW (D) 62 kW

8. Which of the following is usually assumed to be reversible?

(A) paddle wheel (B) compressing a gas (C) melting an ice cube (D) a burst membrane

9. A Carnot engine operates between reservoirs at 20  C and 200  C. If 10 kW of power is produced,

the rejected heat rate is nearest:
(A) 26.3 kJ=s (B) 20.2 kJ=s (C) 16.3 kJ=s (D) 12 kJ=s

10. An inventor invents a thermal engine that operates between ocean layers at 27  C and 10  C. It
produces 10 kW and discharges 9900 kJ=min of heat. Such an engine is:
(A) impossible (B) reversible (C) possible (D) probable
 SAMPLE EXAMS 331

11. Select the Kelvin–Planck statement of the second law.

(A) An engine cannot produce more heat than the heat it receives.
(B) A refrigerator cannot transfer heat from a low-temperature reservoir to a high-temperature
reservoir without work.
(C) An engine cannot produce work without discharging heat.
(D) An engine discharges heat if the work is less than the heat it receives.

12. Select the incorrect statement relating to a Carnot cycle.

(A) There are two adiabatic processes.
(B) There are two constant pressure processes.
(C) Each process is a reversible process.
(D) Work occurs on all four processes.

13. A Carnot refrigerator requires 10 kW to remove 20 kJ=s from a 20  C reservoir. What is TH ?

(A) 440 K (B) 400 K (C) 360 K (D) 340 K

14. Find Snet if a 10-kg copper mass at 100  C is submerged in a 20  C lake.

(A) 1.05 kJ/K (B) 0.73 kJ=K (C) 0.53 kJ=K (D) 0.122 kJ=K

15. Find the maximum work output from a steam turbine if P1 = 10 MPa, T1 = 600  C, and P2 = 40 kPa.
(A) 1625 kJ=kg (B) 1545 kJ=kg (C) 1410 kJ=kg (D) 0.1225 kJ=kg

16. Find the minimum work input to an air compressor if P1 = 100 kPa, T1 = 27  C, and P2 = 800 kPa.
(A) 276 kJ=kg (B) 243 kJ=kg (C) 208 kJ=kg (D) 187 kJ=kg

17. The entropy change while expanding air in a cylinder from 800 kPa is 0.2 kJ=kgK. If the tem-
perature remains constant at 27  C, what is the heat transfer?
(A) 140 kJ=kg (B) 115 kJ=kg (C) 100 kJ=kg (D) 60 kJ=kg

18. Find the maximum outlet velocity for an air nozzle that operates between 400 kPa and 100 kPa if
T1 = 27  C.
(A) 570 m=s (B) 440 m=s (C) 380 m=s (D) 320 m=s

19. The efficiency of an adiabatic steam turbine operating between P1 = 10 MPa, T1 = 600  C, and
P2 = 40 kPa is 80%. What is u2 ?
(A) 2560 kJ=kg (B) 2484 kJ=kg (C) 2392 kJ=kg (D) 2304 kJ=kg

20. The efficiency of an adiabatic air compressor operating between P1 = 100 kPa, T1 = 27  C, and
T2 = 327  C is 80%. What is P2 ?
(A) 540 kPa (B) 680 kPa (C) 720 kPa (D) 780 kPa
332 SAMPLE EXAMS

Equations of use in the closed-book exam (use this page for your work)

AV = m_ = const:

Q − W = U

!
V 2 − V 21
Q_ − W_ s = m_ h2 − h1 + 2 ðgas or vaporÞ
2
!
P2 − P1 V 2 − V 21 ðliquidÞ
= m_ + u 2 − u1 + 2
 2

TL TL
max = 1 − ðCOPR Þmax ¼
TH TH  TL

Q
S = $ W ¼ $P dV
T
V2
= mRT ln if T = const:
V1

T2 P
s ¼ Cp ln − R ln 2 ðgasÞ
T1 P1
T2
¼ C ln ðsolid or liquidÞ
T1
 k − 1
T2 P2 k
= kair = 1:4
T1 P1

P = RT Rair = 0:287 kJ=kgK v = vf + xvfg