Chapter 4

Date: 9-12-2020

Branch: ECE /3 year

Topic: operating System in embedded systems

Time: 8:00 AM -9:00 AM

What is an Embedded Operating System?

Embedded Operating System is defined as a combination of hardware and software. An
operating system is a software used for programming, it converts hardware language (binary
language) into software language (C, C++, etc) and displays the output that humans can
understand in the form of images, text, and sounds. The short form of the operating system is
OS.

For example, a computer is designed using hardware components, but with only hardware, the
system will not operate because the software is a must and should to run the system. The
difference between hardware and software is we can see, touch and feel the hardware
components but we can’t see, touch and feel the software.

Block Diagram of Embedded System

The block diagram of an embedded system consists of input devices, output devices, and
memory.

 Input Devices: Input devices are used to send the data from the user to the system, here the user
is the input. Some of the input devices are Keyboard, mouse, microphone, hard disk, sensors,
switches, etc.
 Output Devices: Out devices show the result to the humans in the form of text, image or sounds.
Some of the output devices are printers, monitors, LCD, LED, motors, relays, buzzers, etc.

 Memory: The memory is used to store the data. Some of the memory devices are SD card,
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), Flash memory. The memory
devices used in the embedded system are Non-volatile RAM, volatile RAM, Dynamic Random
Access Memory), etc.

block-diagram-of-embedded system
Windows Embedded Operating System
On Nov 10th, 1983 Microsoft windows announced by bill gates. There are three different types of
windows operating systems are windows OS for mobiles, windows OS for Pc’s and windows OS
for servers.

types-of-windows-operating-
system
  Windows OS for Server
Some of the windows OS for servers are

 Windows NT launched in 1993

 Windows 2000 servers launched in 2000
 Windows Server 2016
  Windows OS for Mobiles
Some of the windows OS for Mobile’s are
 Windows 6.1 version released in 1st April 2008
 Windows 6.5 version released in 2009
 Windows 7 launched in 2011
 Windows 8 and Windows 9
 Windows 10 was announced on 21st January 2015
  Windows OS for Pc’s
Some of the windows OS for Pc’s are

 Windows 1 released in 1985

 Windows 95 released in 1995
 Windows ME is launched in 2000
 Windows 9 and Windows 10 are launched in 2015
Operating System
An Operating System is an interface between the users and the computer hardware. The short
form of operating the system is OS. There are five different types of operating systems they are
  Real-time Operating System
 The real-time operating system performs real-time applications.
 The real-time OS is two types they are soft real-time and hard real-time.
 Hard real-time meet a deadline but soft real-time doesn’t meet a deadline. This is the
difference between hard and soft real-time.
  Multitasking Operating System
 The multitasking OS allows users to perform more than one task.
 The multitasking OS is of two types they are preemptive and cooperative.
 Examples of multitasking: eating and watching TV simultaneously, chatting during classes,
eating chocolates while walking, talking on a phone while walking, etc.
  Network Operating System
 The short form of the network operating system is NOS.
 It allows several multiple computers connected to a LAN (Local Area Network).
 There is two type of network OS they are: peer to peer and client/server.
 Examples of network OS: Windows 2000, Linux, Microsoft windows, etc.

  Distributed Operating System

 The distributed operating system is defined as a collection of independent computers that
are used to perform a single task jointly.
 Examples of distributed OS: intranets, the internet, sensors networks, etc.

  Batch Operating System

 It collects the input data into batches and each batch is processed as a unit.
 Examples of the batch operating system: transactions, payroll system, bank statements,
reporting, integration, etc.
Embedded Operating System Vs Desktop Operating System
The difference between embedded OS and desktop OS are shown in the below table

S.NO Embedded Operating System Desktop Operating System

The first embedded OS is Apollo guidance
1 computer in 1965
2 It is designed to run only a single task
3 Boot time is faster compared to desktop OS
Performance of the web browser takes less time Performance of the web browser takes a long time to load
4 to load the websites
5 It takes less time to run the applications
6 It uses only flash drives for storage
7 Embedded OS cost is less
8 It requires less storage compared to desktop OS
9 It has fewer application features
The first desktop OS is NLC (On-Line system) developed
in 1960
It is designed to run many tasks simultaneously
Boot time is slower in desktop OS
the websites
It takes a longer time to run the applications
It uses hard drives and flash drives for storage
Cost is expensive
It requires more storage
It has more application features
Applications
Some applications of the embedded operating system are shown in the below

 Mobiles
 Washing machines
 Televisions
 Microwave Ovens
 Televisions
 Computers
 Laptops
 Dishwashers
 ATM’s
 Satellites
 Vehicles
Advantages
The Advantages of the embedded operating system are

 Easy to design
 Low cost
 Good performance
 Requires Less power
 Small size
 Reliable
Disadvantages
Some of the disadvantages of the embedded OS are

 It is difficult for troubleshooting

 Data transfer from one system to another system is difficult
 Systems can’t be changed once it is configured
Real-time Characteristics of Embedded System
The real-time characteristics of an embedded system are shown in the below

 Reliability
 Predictability
 Manageability
 Scalability
 Compactness