Exp.

No:06

Aim: To study SCR controlled HWR and FWR using RC Triggering circuit.

Components Required:
1. Diode
2. Resistors
3. potentiometer
4. SCR
5. Multimeter
6. LAMP 100W
7. CRO with PROBE

Theory:

R and RC firing circuits are simple and economical. They can be used to trigger SCRs
in rectifiers and AC voltage controllers. But they are not used commercially because
the turn on angle of the SCR realized using these circuits is not thermally stable. In
the RC firing circuit the firing angle can be varied from nearly 0o to almost 180o
by varying the pot.

Controlled HWR:
In controlled HWR of fig 1 during each negative half cycle of the input voltage, the
capacitor charges to the peak supply voltage through D2. D2 is provided in order to
by pass R1 and R2 during each negative half cycle of the supply voltage so that the
capacitor charges fast to the negative peak value of the supply. When the SCR anode
voltage becomes positive, the capacitor starts charging through the pot so as to make
the top plate positive with respect to the bottom plate. When the positive capacitor
voltage becomes equal to Vgt the SCR turns ON. The time taken for the capacitor to
charge up to Vgt can be increased by increasing the pot resistance. Then, the firing
angle increases. If the pot resistance is decreased, then, the capacitor voltage reaches
the value Vgt earlier during the half cycle, and the firing angle will be lower. Diode
D1 is provided to prevent breakdown of cathode gate junction during negative half
cycles.
When the SCR turns ON, the voltage drop across C1 during conduction of SCR keeps
it almost discharged till the beginning of the next half cycle of the supply voltage.

Controlled FWR:
The fig 2 shows the circuit diagram of controlled FWR, here the circuit gives
controlled full wave output. Diodes form a full wave bridge. Each cycle of the full
wave output triggers the SCR at Vgt. Here also firing angle can be controlled by
varying the Pot.
Circuit Diagram:

Fig 1. Controlled HWR using RC triggering circuit

Fig 2. Controlled FWR using RC triggering circuit

Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram 1 and 2.
2. Vary the pot meter R1 to get minimum alpha and note down the corresponding
average value of the voltage and wave form across the load.
3. Repeat the steps 1 and 2 for different values of alpha by varying the pot
Meter resistance.
4. Draw the waveforms.
Tabular Column:

Time (ms) Firing angle α Conduction angle β Average Voltage

(DC output)

Expected Waveforms:

Fig:3 Waveforms of Controlled HWR

 Fig:4 Waveforms of Controlled FWR

Results and Conclusion: