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MODULE 12

Author: Leserjil Alden B. Ginete

Lay-out Artist: Herma C. Vejerano
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Introduction

21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the

World Module aims to engage students in appreciation and
critical study of 21st Century Literature from the Philippines
and the World, encompassing their various dimensions,
genres, elements, structures, contexts, and traditions.

This module allows the students to embark on a journey

from Philippine regions to the different parts of the world
through various literary encounters.

Here, the learners will be accompanied by Lito and Letty,

the ship captains of Balangay ( an old name of a Philippine
boat). Lito is a Filipino Ship Captain who is in-charge of the
local destinations. And Letty is a Lady Ship Captain from
other country. She is in-charge of the tour abroad. Lito and
Letty assist each other in every module visit.

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Legend

This Self Learning Kit is divided into 27 modules with varied parts and
respective icons:

Gearing Up
(Review)

Testing the Water

( Pre-test)

Leaving the Shore

( Priming Activity)

Rocking the Boat

( Activity Proper)

Plotting the Course

( Analysis)

Keeping Track
( Abstraction)

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Legend

Approaching Destination (Application)

Seeing the Lighthouse

( Reflection)

Dropping the Anchor

( Post Test)

Going Back to the Ocean

( Remediation)

Going Back to the Ocean

( Remediation)

Every module targets a specific Learning Competency and asks learners to

perform multiple tasks.

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Hello, dear student, our fellow voyager!

Welcome…

I’m Letty. Are you ready to set sail

and BEGIN your voyage with this module?

I’m Lito
Well, it’s time to GO
ABOARD to set your quest for
KNOWLEDGE in motion.
Have FUN!

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Horizon Overview

Learning Competency:

EN12Lit-Ie-30 Explain the relationship of context with the text’s

meaning

The use of this module requires every learner to demonstrate knowledge

of what context is and see the relationship of context with the text’s meaning
which are important in the critical interpretation of a literary text. At the end of the
lesson, you are expected to:
 define context
 construct sentences that explain the relationship of context with the text’s
meaning
 show the ability to analyze literary texts in relation to the context of the
reader and the writer

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Connect with the Module:

Some reminders before
cruising:

Use the module with care especially in turning each

page.

Be reminded to answer the Pre-Test before moving

on to the Self-Learning Kit (SLK) Proper.

Read and understand the directions in every exer-

cise.

Observe honesty in answering the tests and exercis-

es and in checking your answers.

Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of this

module.

Try to finish the task at hand before proceeding to

the next.

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Gearing Up

Reading and studying literary texts can

be fun with all the information that you got
before. Can you recall module 11? Were
you able to situate the text in the context of
the region and the nation? Can you discuss
how context enrich your understanding ?

For your next journey , we will guide

you in gathering more literary tools
that will surely make learning and
reading more convenient.

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Testing the Waters

DIRECTION: Using the given answer sheet, darken the circle corresponding to
the letter of the best answer for each item.

1. Which sentence best describes context?

I. Context is the condition or the environment that helps the reader
understand a narrative or a literary text.
II. The function of context is to provide a background or picture of the
situation, and of who is involved.
III. Context is important because it gives the reader idea as to the origin
and meaning of some words.
IV. The purpose of context is to assess the reader’s background
knowledge about text’s theme.

A. II and IV
B. II and III
C. III and IV
D. I and II

2. How is Jose Rizal fondly called by Padre Faura?

A. Joriz
B. Juan
C. Pepe
D. Anton

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Testing the Waters

DIRECTION: Using the given answer sheet, darken the circle

corresponding to the letter of the best answer for each item.

3. Which of the following best explains why Jose Rizal was executed?
A. Rizal fought for freedom using arms and weapons.
B. Rizal betrayed the trust of his friends and fellow men.
C. Rizal was convicted with sedition or asking his fellow men to
rebel against the Spanish regime.
D. Rizal was charged with using the government’s money for his
own personal use.

4. Where was Rizal executed?

A. Rizal Park or formerly Luneta or Bagumbayan
B. inside the walled city of Intramuros in Manila
C. Manila Observatory
D. Ateneo Municipal

5. How did Jose Rizal die?

A. He was stabbed to death.
B. He died through firing squad.
C. He died through electric chair.
D. He drowned in the ocean.

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Leaving the Shore

Journey

DIRECTION: Arrange the photos in order based on the life of Jose Rizal.

Picture of Ri- Picture of Ri- Picture of Ri- Picture of Ri- Picture of a

zal writing zal as a stu- zal being ex- zal talking to young Rizal
Noli Me Tan- dent of ecuted a reading a
gere Ateneo book with his
Spanish
mother using
Municipal priest (Padre
an oil lamp
Faura)

A B C D E

Your Answers:
1._______
2._______
3._______
4._______
5._______

Were you able to sequence the pictures

correctly? How were you able to determine the
proper order?
Let’s continue with your journey to the next
activity. Go to the next page of the module and
discover more.

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Rocking the Boat

DIRECTIONS: Analyze the meaning of each stanza from the poem, “Padre
Faura Witnesses the Execution of Rizal”. Answer the questions about each
Stanza.

Padre Faura Witnesses the Execution of Rizal

By Danton Remoto
STANZA QUESTION

1 I stand on the roof 1. Who do you think is

2 Of the Ateneo Municipal, standing on the roof?

3 Shivering A. Jose Rizal

4 On this December morning. B. Padre Faura

C. Gregorio del Pilar
D. Andres Bonifacio

5 Months ago, 2. The phrase, “I though we

6 Pepe came to me would talk” could mean…

7 In the Observatory. A. They are going to talk

about something
8 I thought we would talk important
B. They are going to plan
9 About the stars for an important event
10 That do not collide C. The topic of the
11 In the sky: conversation the
person thought of was
12 Instead, he asked me about incorrect
purgatory. D. The topic was very
important that it should
be discussed soon

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Rocking the Boat

STANZA QUESTION

13 (his cheeks still ruddy 3. The word “ruddy” is best defined as

14 From the sudden sun A. full of marks such as pimples
15 After the bitter winters B. appears to be big and round
16 In Europe.) C. looks very pale and sickly
D. having a healthy red color
17 And on this day 4. Who is referred to as Pepe?
18 With the year beginning to turn, A. Jose Rizal
19 Salt stings my eyes. B. Padre Faura
20 I see Pepe, C. Antonio Luna
21 A blur D. Gregotio del Pilar
22 Between the soldiers
23 With their Mausers raised
24 And the early morning’s

25 Star: 5. Who might be referred to as the

26 Still shimmering “Star”?
27 Even if millions of miles away, A. Mariano Ponce
28 The star itself B. Antonio Luna
29 Is already dead. C. Jose Rizal
D. Padre Faura

What did you discover about the poem?

What was the state of our country at the time of
Rizal? What happened to Rizal? Get deeper with
the meaning of the poem as you plot the course
on your next travel.

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Plotting the Course

In the poem, Padre Faura Witnesses the Execution of Rizal, the author
used the persona of Padre Faura or as if it’s Padre Faura himself is the one
talking in the poem.
But who is Padre Faura? What is his relationship with our national hero,
Jose Rizal?
There is a street in Ermita called Padre Faura which is named after Father
Federico Faura. He is the Director of the Manila Observatory which is originally
located on that street. The Manila Observatory which has done weather
forecasting and earthquake research was located inside the Ateneo Municipal
(now Ateneo De Manila University) which was at first located in Intramuros,
Manila before it transferred to its current location in Quezon City. Padre Faura
was one of Jose Rizal’s favorite teachers when he was a student of Ateneo
Municipal.
Let us now look at the lines of the poem and explain the relationship of text
with context.

Lines Text’s Meaning Context

Lines 1-4: Padre Faura was A teacher’s

1 I stand on the roof standing on the concern for a
2 Of the Ateneo Municipal, balcony overlooking student was shown
3 Shivering Bagumbayan or here. Padre Faura
4 On this December morning. Luneta (now Rizal was shivering
Park) on that gloomy because he was
day. worried that his
beloved student
Rizal would soon
be executed.

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Plotting the Course
Lines
Lines 5-12
5 Months ago,
6 Pepe came to me
7 In the Observatory.
8 I thought we would
talk
9 About the stars
10 That do not collide
11 In the sky:
12 Instead, he asked me
about purgatory.
Lines 13-16
13 (his cheeks still ruddy
14 From the sudden sun
15 After the bitter winters
16 In Europe.)
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Text’s Meaning Context
Padre Faura used Rizal might have
flashback to highlight the already felt that he
incident when Rizal could be killed and
approached him in the for a devout
Manila Observatory. Catholic such as
Padre Faura recalled the Rizal, purgatory is
scene where Rizal came a place of
to him asking not about purification or
science or the stars but temporary punish-
about purgatory. ment in which, the
souls of those who
die in a state of
grace are made
ready for heaven.
These lines vividly The use of the
captured Jose Rizal’s word “ruddy” which
pinkish cheeks when he means “having a
arrived in the healthy red color”
Philippines which was hot visually implies that
compared to the cold Rizal was not afraid
winters he endured in to die because he
Europe. knew he was on
the right side.
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Plotting the Course

Lines Text’s Meaning Context

Lines 17-24 These lines brought With these lines, a

17 And on this day back Padre Faura to teacher’s affection for
18 With the year beginning to the morning of Rizal’s his/her cherished
turn, execution after student can be felt
19 Salt stings my eyes. recalling that encoun- again. This fondness
20 I see Pepe, ter with Rizal in the
is stressed by the fact
Observatory. Jose
that Padre Faura
21 A blur Rizal was sentenced
22 Between the soldiers to death on December called our national
23 With their Mausers 30, 1896. Just a day hero Pepe and not
raised short before the year Rizal.
24 And the early morning’s is over thus the
Rizal was executed
line ...with the year be-
ginning to turn. through firing squad
because during the
The rest of the lines Spanish time, death
showed a crying Padre by firing squad
Faura. His vision is especially for treason
blurred by his tears in
is the most common
which he partially sees
method. Treason is
the image of Rizal
about to be shot by the crime of betraying
the soldiers’ Mausers one’s country
(a rifle brand). especially by attempt-
ing to overthrow the
government.

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Plotting the Course

Lines Text’s Meaning Context

Lines 25-29 These lines clearly Even if Rizal died

showed Padre Faura’s on that fateful day,
25 Star:
knowledge about science he was still spar-
26 Still shimmering or the stars. He knew that kling because he
27 Even if millions of even dead stars still left an extraordi-
miles away, shine; that despite a
nary impression to
great distance, the glow
28 The star itself our country. His
of a dead star still
29 Is already dead. reaches the earth. death served as
fuel for Filipinos to
fight for freedom.

How are you? Is it a smooth sailing journey? Are

you now able to construct sentences that explain
the relationship of context with the text’s
meaning? Flip the page to learn more about
context and its impact on interpreting literature?

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Keeping Track
Do you know that for you to truly understand the poem,
you have to look at its context? Without context, we
are only seeing a piece of the scene and not fully
understanding the influence of the time and place in
which a situation occurred. Read further and you would
know more about context. Read and discover more of
them.

Whether reading a fact or fiction, context is an important part of a

literary text, which helps to engage the audience. Context helps readers
understand the cultural, social, and political ideas and movements
happening in a society at the time of the writing.

Take for example this sentence which, without context, sounds like a
typical description of a natural calamity.

“A very strong typhoon destroyed coastal communities. Trees were

uprooted, properties were ruined, lives were destroyed.”

How much information did this give us? Not much, until we consider
when and where it was written. Imagine that this statement comes from a
report in Tacloban, Leyte days after the super typhoon Yolanda
devastated he Visayas group of islands.

Context provides meaning and helps us understand a story

better. Context is the condition or the environment that helps the reader
understands a narrative or a literary text.

As a reader, context helps you understand what was happening at

the time of the event.

For example, the novel “Noli Me Tangere” by Jose Rizal does not just
talk about the love story of Crisostomo Ibarra and Maria Clara; instead,
the story provides context to the problems of our country during the
Spanish era.

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Keeping Track

But you might be wondering, why do we have to study context.

What is its function? Context is all about providing a background or pic-
ture of the situation, and of who is involved.

In literature, a strong understanding of the context behind a work's

creation can give us a better understanding of and appreciation for
the narrative. In analyzing events, context can help us understand what
motivates people to behave as they did. Put another way, context is what
gives meaning to the details.

Were you able to explain the relationship of context with the

meaning of the text, “Padre Faura Witnesses the Execution of Rizal”?
Did your knowledge about the abuses during that period make you want
to fight for freedom? Now that you have understood what context is and
its purpose, read a drama excerpt and try to construct sentences that
would explain the relationship between context and the text’s meaning.
Remember that a drama is a genre or kind of literature that involves
stories showing human experiences which are intended to be performed
on stage.
Remember:
Context is the background or the environment of events or occurrences.
Context is important because it enables readers to
understand the narrative or a literary piece better.

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Approaching Destination

Direction: Read some excerpts from the drama, “The Waiting” by Ron Darvin.
Construct sentences that show the relationship between text and context.
The Waiting
By Ron Darvin

This play discusses how long-term separation impacts the lives of

families.

The two characters are:

Isabel—a Filipino woman who left her family and went to Canada to
work as a caregiver.

Miguel— her 15-year old son who after years of separation is now
living with him in Canada

Isabel: I was teaching English at a public high school, and Roberto was a
med rep-you know, a salesperson

Why did Isabel work as a caregiver in Canada when she already had a
stable job here in the Philippines and her husband was also working?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Did you mention in your answer that the reason why Isabel worked as a
caregiver abroad even though she is a professional here in the Philippines is
because of high salary and benefits? The poor economic state of our country is
the condition that drove Isabel to leave her family behind and work overseas.

How did you get on with the challenge? Did

you identify the context that explained why Isabel
made sacrifices for her family?
Prove your knowledge for the last time as you
reflect on the final task.

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Seeing the Lighthouse

DIRECTIONS: Reflect on the drama of Ron Darvin entitled “THE WAITING”. The
author describes a family which was torn apart because the mother needed to
leave the country and worked abroad in her desire to give her family especially
her son, a good future.

Choose the letter that best describes the literal meaning and context of the given
lines.
A. Isabel’s husband looked different.
B. Miguel’s family is torn because of long-term separation.
C. Miguel’s mother went to another place.
D. Time and distance affected Isabel’s husband’s relationship with her.
E. Miguel felt that his mother stopped loving him.

Lines Text’s Meaning Context

Miguel: At seven, I re- 1. 2.

alized a very painful
truth: my mother had
abandoned me.

Isabel: I realized that 3. 4.

there was a part of
my husband that I
didn't recognize any-
more.
Miguel: Tell me, Miguel is waiting for 5.
please tell me, when the day to come when
does soon begin? their family will be
bounded by love again.

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Dropping the Anchor

DIRECTION: Using the given answer sheet, darken the circle corresponding to
the letter of the best answer for each item.

1. The The 21st century literature writer who wrote the poem, “Padre Faura
Witnesses the Execution of Rizal”
A. Ron Darvin
B. Don Reyes
C. Darwin Zinmark
D. Danton Remoto

2. Why is context important?

A. Context allows the writer to present events that happened before.
B. Context provides meaning and helps us understand a story better.
C. Context enables the reader to know the meaning of some words.
D. Context gives us information why the author wrote the literary text.

3. He is one of Rizal’s teachers?

A. Sister Antonia Faraon
B. Brother William Falces
C. Mother Teresita Farrah
D. Father Federico Faura

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Dropping the Anchor

DIRECTION: Using the given answer sheet, darken the circle corresponding to
the letter of the best answer for each item.

4. The school where Jose Rizal met his favorite teacher who
witnessed his execution.
A. University of Santo Tomas
B. Far Eastern University
C. Calamba Central School
D. Ateneo Municipal

5. What do the lines, “Salt stings my eyes. I see Pepe” mean?

A. The speaker is sad and crying.
B. There is salt on the speaker’s eyes.
C. The speaker does not like Pepe.
D. The speaker is talking to Pepe.

At last you’re almost through with your

journey! Did you find it easier to answer
now that you’ve learned context and
situate the text in the context of the region
and the nation? Turn to the next page
and let’s see how many exciting gems you
have discovered.

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Discovering the Gems

Hi! Here are the gems you’ve kept along the

course of your journey. Let’s count them.

PRE-TEST POST-TEST
1. D 4. A 1. D 4. D
2. C 5. B 2. B 5. A
3. C 3. D

Leaving the Shore Rocking the Boat

1. E 4. D 1. B 4. A
2. B 5. C
2. C 5. C
3. A
3. D

Seeing the Light- Going Back to the Ocean

house
1. Context
1. C 4. D
2. Jose Rizal
2. E 5. B
3. Background
4. Padre Faura

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(For scores 4-5)

CONGRATULATIONS!
You have succeeded in your journey to the excit-
ing atmosphere in the ocean. See you next time!

(For scores 1-3)

Hello there! Are you satisfied with your
gems? Do you want to gain more? Get
ready because I will be with you as you
search for more gems amidst the waters.
Good luck!

Going Back to the Ocean

Don’t Forget:
Context provides meaning and helps us
understand a story better.
Context is the setting or the background of
events. Context is the condition or the environment
that helps the reader understand a narrative or a
literary text. The function of context is to provide a
background or picture of the situation, and of who is
involved.
Figures of speech are literary device that
create an intense picture of the text. Simile,
Metaphor, and
Personification are some of the commonly
used figures of speech that have a common
feature and that is “comparing” two unlike
objects.

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DIRECTIONS: Break the Code. Complete the sentence by writing the missing
word. Decode the answer by simply referring to the letter table hereunder. To
break the codes, just look for the opposite letter of the code to form the target
word.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Ex: E-R-N-Q READ

1. P-B-A-G-R-K-G ___________________
_______ is an important part of a literary text, which helps to engage the
audience

2. W-B-F-R-E-V-M-N-Y ___________________
__________ is our National Hero.

3. O-N-P-X-T-E-B-H-A-Q ___________________
Context is the environment or __________ of events or occurrences.

4. C-N-Q-E-R-S-N-H-R-N ___________________
He witnesses the execution of Rizal.

5. Z-R-N-A-V-I-A-T ___________________
Context provides __________ and helps us understand a text better.

Were you able to explain the relationship

of context with the text’s meaning? Well,
congratulations! You can now move to
your next journey. See you next time!

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