BOTAFUN / LBYPLNT

T1, AY 2020-2021, OCT 2020 – Feb 2021

 BOTAFUN N01
T1, 2020-2021

BOTAFUN N 01 TH 1430 1600 3 Mandia, Emelina

LBYPLNT N 01B TH 730 1030 4 Redillas, Mark

LBYPLNT N 01A TH 0730 1030 4 Lemana, Bismark

BOTAFUN ( Fundamentals of Botany)

An introductory course dealing with basic principles

related to structures, functions and processes necessary
for an understanding of the growth and development
in flowering plants. A brief survey of true plants and
plant allies is included. This is a 3-unit course with three-
hour lecture per week.

Full Online (14 weeks)

BOTAFUN Course Content

1 2 3

Introduction Cell Division Flowers

Chem composition The Plant Body Fruits & Seeds

Plant cells Root Plant-like Prokaryotes

Biological Membranes Stem Protists

Photosynthesis Leaves Fungi & Lichens

Cellular Respiration Transpiration Plant Kingdom

LONG EXAM 1 LONG EXAM 2 LONG EXAM 3

BOTAFUN Output
Required Output Due Date
1. Group/Individual Presentation Week ……
of assigned topics through appropriate
media (powerpoint presentation,
poem/song composition, video prod’n
etc.)
Week…….
2. Insight/Reaction Paper based on
video/film seen

3) Project in Botany Week 13

 BOTAFUN SYLLABUS

ASSESSMENT

 Long Exams (3): 60%

 Quizzes/Reaction papers
/Presentations/CANVAS 10%
 Project: 10%
 Final Exam: 20%
 TOTAL: 100%
 Passing Grade: 60%
Major
References
LAB ACTIVITIES
Laboratory Activities WEEK

1 Scientific Paper Writing 1

2 The Microscope
3 The Chemical Components of a Plant Cell 2
4 The Plant Cell
5 Material Transport in Plants 3
6 Photosynthesis
7 Cellular Respiration 4
Post-Lab Discussion & Group Presentations
LONG EXAM 1 5
8 Mitosis
9 Primary & Secondary Growth of the Root 6
10 Primary & Secondary Growth of the Stem
11 The Leaf 7
12 Transpiration
LONG EXAM 2 8
13 Flowers , Pollen & Ovule
14 Fruits 9
15 Seeds
16 Survey of Plant-like Prokaryotes 10
17 Survey of Protists
18 Survey of Fungi and Lichens 11
19 Survey of Plants: Bryophytes & Pteridophytes
20 Survey of Plants: Gymnosperms & Angiosperms 12
LONG EXAM 3 13
Worksheets & Lab Portfolio

Required Output Due Date

Accomplished Laboratory Worksheets After each laboratory exercise

Submission of Compiled Lab Worksheets Week 14

LBYPLNT Assessment

 Long exams (3): 45%

 Exercises/Lab Performance: 20%
 Presentation/CANVAS 10%
 Quizzes: 10%
 Comprehensive Final Exam: 15%
 TOTAL: 100%
 Passing Grade: 60%
An introduction to
Botany
Compiled by Dr. Emelina H. Mandia
for BOTANY Students @ DLSU only
BOTANY? BOTANY?

BOTANY ?
 BOTANY

- the scientific study of plants

- also called plant biology
What are plants?
What are plants?
• Organisms that are
– photosynthetic
– eukaryotic
– multicellular
– containing chloroplasts with chlorophylls a & b
– having cellulosic cell walls
– lacking the power of locomotion
– producing embryos (embryophytes vs. thallophytes)
SUBDISCIPLINES OF BOTANY
Figure 8.4b

PLANT MORPHOLOGY

© 2015 Pearson Education Ltd

PLANT
ANATOMY
Figure 6.14

PLANT
CYTOLOGY
Central vacuole

Cytosol

Central
Nucleus vacuole

Cell wall

Chloroplast

5 μm

© 2015 Pearson Education Ltd

Figure 5.6

Plant molecular biology Storage structures

(plastids) containing
Starch granules in Amylose (unbranched)
a potato tuber cell

Amylopectin Glucose
(somewhat monomer
branched)
50 µm
(a) Starch

Glycogen
granules in
muscle
tissue Glycogen (branched)

Cell
wall 1 µm
(b) Glycogen

Cellulose microfibrils
in a plant cell wall Cellulose molecule (unbranched)
Plant cell,
10 µm
surrounded
by cell wall Microfibril Hydrogen bonds

0.5 µm
(c) Cellulose

© 2015 Pearson Education Ltd

Figure 39.2

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

(a) Before exposure to light (b) After a week’s exposure

to natural daylight

© 2015 Pearson Education Ltd

 Phycology
■ Archaeplastida 50 μm

Volvox, a colonial freshwater green alga

© 2015 Pearson Education Ltd

Figure 30.2a

Bryology Mosses and other

nonvascular plants

Gametophyte Dominant

Sporophyte Reduced, dependent on

gametophyte for nutrition

Sporophyte
(2n)

Gametophyte
(n)
Example

© 2015 Pearson Education Ltd

 Pteridology Ferns and other seedless
vascular plants

Gametophyte Reduced, independent

(photosynthetic and free-living)

Sporophyte Dominant

Sporophyte
(2n)

Example

Gametophyte (n)
© 2015 Pearson Education Ltd
Figure 8.1a

Mycology

bioluminescent fungus
© 2015 Pearson Education Ltd
 Subdisciplines of Botany
1. Plant molecular biology
- Structures and functions of important biological
molecules (proteins, nucleic acids)
2. Plant biochemistry
- Chemical interactions within plants plus the
chemicals they produce
3. Plant cell biology (plant cytology)
- Structures, functions, and life processes of plant cells
4. Plant Anatomy
- Plant internal features (cells and tissues) as revealed
through dissection
 Subdisciplines of Botany
5. Plant Morphology
- Plant external features (physical form and structures)
6. Plant physiology
– How plants function (photosynthesis, mineral nutrition, etc)
7. Plant ecology
– Interrelationships among plants, and between plants and their
environment
8. Plant genetics
– Plant heredity and variation
9. Plant Paleontology (=Paleobotany)
- Biology and evolution of plants in the geologic past (=plant
fossils)
 Subdisciplines of Botany
10. Plant Geography (=Phytogeography; geobotany)
- Geographical distribution of plants

11. Plant Taxonomy/Systematics

- Plant classification, identification, description, nomenclature,
diversity
12. Phycology
- Algae biology and taxonomy
13. Bryology
- Non-vascular plants (mosses, liverworts, hornworts) biology and
taxonomy
14. Mycology
- Fungi biology and taxonomy
 Subdisciplines of Botany
15. Pteridology
- Ferns and fern allies biology and taxonomy
16. Palynology
- scientific study of living and fossil spores and pollen grains
17. Ethnobotany
- scientific study of the traditional knowledge and customs of a
people concerning plants and their medical, religious, and other
economic uses.
18. Forestry
- Forest conservation and forest products, e.g. lumber, ntfp
19. Agronomy
- Field crops and soils
 Subdisciplines of Botany
20. Horticulture
- the science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, or
ornamental plants.
21. Economic Botany
- Plants with commercial importance, e.g. spices, fibers
22. Pharmacognosy
- a branch of pharmacology dealing with medicinal substances
of biological origin and especially medicinal substances
obtained from plants.
23. Plant Pathology (=Phytopathology)
- scientific study of plant diseases
 Characteristics of Living Things
1. Organization
7 Tissues
1 The Biosphere
6 Organs
and Organ
2 Systems
Ecosystems

3 10
Communities Mole-
8
cules
Cells
5
BIOLOGICAL Organisms

HIERARCHY
9 Organelles
4 Populations
 Characteristics of Living Things

2.Exchange of Energy with the

environment
– Plants and other organisms take in
and use energy

a. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
– Biological process that includes capture of light
energy and its transformation into chemical energy
of organic molecules that are manufactured from
carbon dioxide and water
b. CELLULAR RESPIRATION
– Cellular process in which energy of organic
molecules is released for biological work
 Characteristics of Living Things

3. Interaction with
environment
– Plants respond to stimuli
in their environment
Figure 1.10
Sunlight

Leaves absorb light

energy from the sun. CO2 Leaves take in
carbon dioxide
from the air and
release oxygen.
O2

Leaves fall to the

ground and are
decomposed by
organisms that
return minerals
to the soil.

Water and
minerals in Animals eat leaves
the soil are and fruit from the tree,
taken up returning nutrients
by the tree and minerals to the
through its soil in their waste
roots. products.
 Characteristics of Living Things

4. Growth
• Plants undergo growth and
development

5. Reproduction
– Plants form new
individuals by asexual or
sexual reproduction
 Characteristics of Living Things

6. Heredity
– DNA molecules transmit
genetic information from one
generation to the next in
plants and other organisms

7. Evolution
– Plants and other organisms
evolve
– Populations change or adapt
to survive in changing
environments
Figure 1.2

Properties of Life
Order

Regulation

Reproduction
Evolutionary
adaptation

Energy processing
Response
to the
Growth and environment
development
Botany follows the Scientific Method
1. Recognize a problem
– or an unanswered question
2. Develop a hypothesis
– to explain the problem
3. Design and perform an experiment
– to test the hypothesis
4. Analyze and interpret the data
– to reach a conclusion
5. Share new knowledge
– with the scientific community
– Form theory
Figure 1.22

Observation: Potted plant is wilted but soil is wet.

Question: Why is the plant wilted despite wet soil?

Hypothesis #1: Plant Hypothesis #2:

needs more water. Plant roots are rotting.

Prediction: Watering the Prediction: Rotten roots are

plant more will fix the problem. unable to take-up water.

Test of prediction: Test of prediction: Remove

Water the plant more. root rot and repot the plant.

Result: Result:
Plant remains wilted. Plant becomes turgid again.
Hypothesis is contradicted. Hypothesis is supported.
© 2015 Pearson Education Ltd
Criteria of Science
• Consistent
• Observable
• Natural
• Predictable
• Testable
• Tentative
C–O- N–P - T–T
 Science or Non-Science?
1. Aliens cause global warming
2. People born on the seventh of June have
three moles on their right cheek.
3. All tall trees have thick bark.
4. Hairy plants lose less water than non-hairy
plants.
5. Black cats bring bad luck.
 Scientists are honest!
• Commitment to truthfulness of research
findings/reports
• Decision on potential benefits of research to
mankind and environment vs. ethical issues
– Cloning
– Stem cell
– Human and animal experimentation