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STKIP SURYA
Serpong, Banten
Operation Amplifier (op-amp)
Operation Amplifier circuit designed to boost the
power of low level signal
Op-amp are linier devise that have all the properties
required for nearly ideal DC amplification and are
therefore used extensively in signal conditioning,
filtering or to perform mathematical operation such as
add, subtract, integration and differentiation.
Ideal Op-Amp
Ideal op-amp is basically a three terminal devise which
consists of 2 high impedance input, one called the
inverting input marked with a negative or minus sign
(-) and the other one called the non-inverting input
marked with positive or plus sign (+).
The third terminal represents the op-amp output
which can both sink and source either a voltage or a
current
Block diagram of op-amp
Rs
+ VL RL
Vs Gain (A)
-
Ideally the output voltage is amplified version of the source VorL= A.Vs
From the source see an equivalent From the load see an equivalent
resistance looking to the right or source looking to the left or can be
can be drawn : drawn :
Rs Rout
+ VL RL
+ Vs Vin R
in
- - A.Vin
There are : 2 input : inverting input (+) and non – inverting input
1 output
2 terminal for power supply (+ and-)
Ideal op-amp characteristic
Rin = Vin = VS
Rout = 0 VL = A.Vin
Open loop gain (A) =
Open loop gain op-amp without positive or negative
feedback and for ideal amplifier the gain will be
infinite ( ) but typical real value range from 20.000 to
200.000
Inverting Amplifier
Inverting amplifier configuration:
Negative feedback
Negative Feedback is the process of "feeding back" a fraction of the
output signal back to the input, but to make the feedback negative, we
must feed it back to the negative or "inverting input" terminal of the
op-amp using an external Feedback Resistor calledRƒ.
This feedback connection between the output and the inverting input
terminal forces the differential input voltage towards zero
This effect produces a closed loop circuit to the amplifier resulting in
the gain of the amplifier now being called its Closed-loop Gain
This negative feedback results in the inverting input terminal having a
different signal on it than the actual input voltage as it will be the sum
of the input voltage plus the negative feedback voltage giving it the
label or term of a SummingPoint.
We must therefore separate the real input signal from the inverting
input by using an Input Resistor, Rin
There are two very important rules to remember about
Inverting Amplifiers or any operational amplifier for that
matter and theseare
1. No Current Flows into the InputTerminals
2. The Differential Input Voltage is Zero as V1 = V2 = 0
Then by using these two rules we can derive the equation
for calculating the closed-loop gain of an inverting
amplifier, using first principles
Keep on yourmind:
This amplification
process limited by
power supply voltage!
• If R1 = R2 and R3 = R4 we find :
Op-amp integrator
if we were to change the purely resistive ( Rƒ )
feedback element of an inverting amplifier to that of a
frequency dependant impedance, ( Z ) type complex
element, such as a Capacitor, (C) . What would be the
effect on the output voltage?.
By replacing this feedback resistance with a capacitor
we now have an RC Network across the operational
amplifier producing an Op-ampIntegrator
Simple Circuit diagram for op-amp integrator
Op-amp differentiator
The basic Op-amp Differentiator circuit is theexact
opposite to thatof the Integrator operational amplifier
Summary
Aplication for differential amp:
For bridge amplifier