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CHAPTER 2
Math Concept Review I
! Numbers

Topics covered
This is the first chapter of our math concept review. Take this as a chance to review what
you learned from high school. You should be familiar with the following concepts:

! Integers
! Squares and Square Roots
! Fractions and Rational Numbers
! Ratios, Proportions and Percentages
! Sequences
! Word Problems
! Number Lines
! Number Theory – Factors, Multiples and Prime Numbers
! Sets
! Permutations & Combinations
! Logical Reasoning

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Sets
A set is a collection of units, or elements. For example, if

set A = {3,6,9,12,15} and

set B = {1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15}

! and set B contains 8 elements.

then set A contains 5 elements

! set that contains the elements that are present in both sets,
An intersection of sets is the
for example, the intersection of set A and set B is

{3,9,15}

A union of sets is the set that contains all the elements that are in either set or both sets,
for example, the union of set A and set B is
!
{1,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15}

!
Permutations & Combinations
Permutations and combinations, sometimes known by the umbrella term counting
problems, are problems in which you have to find out how many ways you can choose a
number of things.

! Rule of thumb

If there are x ways in which Event 1 can happen, and y ways in which Event 2 can
happen, the total number of ways in which the two events can happen is xy (x times y).

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---- EXAMPLE ----

Three different lines serve subway station X, and trains of each of the three lines can go
in two different directions (North and South). How many different directions in total do
the trains leaving station X serve?

3"2 = 6

3 lines " 2 directions for each line = 6 directions in total

---- EXAMPLE
! ----

There are 2 bags, Bag A and Bag B, Bag A contains 3 balls with different letters written
on it (X, Y, Z), Bag B contains 4 balls of different colors (red, blue, green, black). If we
choose one ball from Bag A and one ball from Bag B, what is the total number of
combinations of balls we can get?

3 " 4 = 12

3 different balls from Bag A " 4 different balls from Bag B = 12 combinations

!
! Bag A Bag B
! ! X red
! X blue
! X green
! X black
! Y red
! Y blue
! Y green
! Y black
! Z red
! Z blue
! Z green
! Z black

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Combinations
Sometimes, the order of choosing does NOT matter.

---- EXAMPLE ----

There is only a bag, which contains 4 balls of different colors (red, blue, green, black). If
we choose 2 balls from this bag, what is the total number of combinations of balls we can
get?

The first ball chosen can be any of the 4 balls.

Since you have already chosen one ball, there are only 3 balls left in the bag. Therefore
the second ball chosen can only be any of the 3 remaining balls.

The number of combinations is

4"3
=6
2

You have to divide the produce of 4 " 3 by 2 because there are two ways in which each
color can be chosen. For example, if you choose red first and blue second, it is the same
!
as choosing blue first and red second – you still end up with one red ball and one blue
ball. Let’s look at the following table:
!

! First Ball Second Ball Combination

! blue red/ blue
! red green red/ green
! black red/ black
! red red/ blue
! blue green blue/ green
! black blue/ black
! red red/ green
! green blue blue/ green
! black green/ black
! red red/ black
! black blue blue/ black
! green green/ black

The strikethroughs represent repeated color combinations.

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CHAPTER 3
Math Concept Review II
! Graphs, Statistics, Probability

Topics covered
In this chapter, you should be familiar with the following concepts:

! Data Interpretation
" Circle Graphs (Pie Charts)
" Line Graphs
" Bar Graphs
" Pictographs
! Statistics
" Arithmetic Mean
" Median
" Mode
" Weighted Average
! Probability

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Data Interpretation
You should be familiar with the following different types of graphs:

Circle Graphs (Pie Charts)

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5#6%$(
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7+(
3.-4#$(
2*+(

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20+(
)*+(

,-.$/'(
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You can expect to see the following different types of questions:

! Q. In Muller High School, every student studies one and only one foreign language.

If there are 8 students studying Latin, what is the total number of students of Muller High
School?

A. 4% of the students studying Latin, therefore we can set up an equation regarding the
total number of students.

4%x = 8
4
x =8
100
4 x = 800
x = 200

Therefore, there are 200 students in Muller High School.

!

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! Q. How many students study either French or Chinese?

A. 20% of students study French and 4% of students study Chinese, therefore, 24% (20%
+ 4%) of students study either French of Chinese.

Since the total number of students is 200, the number of students who study either French
or Chinese is:

24% " 200

= 48

Line Graphs !

Number of Sunny Days in Three Different Cities

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*+312-4"
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5.-6-,27"
890-4("
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You can expect to see the following different types of questions:

! Q. In that months did each city have the greatest number of sunny days?

A. You can answer this question by looking at the highest point of each curve.

Jupster – August
Clementi – August
Rogera – May

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CHAPTER 6
Real Problems in Action
! Selected Answers Explained with
Commentary

Topics covered
This is the first chapter of our math concept review. Take this as a chance to review what
you learned from high school. You should be familiar with the following concepts:

! Integers
! Squares and Square Roots
! Fractions and Rational Numbers

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The page and question numbers in the section refer to The Official SAT Study Guide,
Second Edition published by Collegeboard.

Page 398, Question 8

Concept tested: Circles
The radius of the largest circle
= radius of A + diameter of C (or diameter of B)
We know that the diameter of a circle is always two times the length of its radius.

The answer is (C).

Page 399, Question 11

Concept tested: Numbers
We can express the integer in terms of n

where 6 is the remainder. We also see that = , and is divisible by 7

Then, we can add 2 on each side

We see that the 1 is the remainder.

The answer is (B).

! The Sneaky Method

Another method that works almost every time is to plug in some arbitrary number that
satisfies the conditions set out by the question.

From the question, can be any number that has a remainder of 6 when divided by 7.
It can be 55, 62, 69 etc, which all now we add 2 to all three numbers and find the
remainder when divided by 7.

! 57 64 69
! Remainder 1 1 1

All three numbers arrive at the same answer.

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Page 401, Question 20

Concept tested: Percentages
First we calculate the commission of selling one car. We have to be very carefully when
we proceed with this problem. We have to times the selling price of the car by percent
( ), not just by .

The commission of selling two cars

The answer is (A).

Page 417, Question 14

Concept tested:
We know that the difference between a term and the term after it is always the same and
is always greater than the term before it.

! Term 3 4 5 6 7 8
! Value 17 17+n 17+2n 77 77+n 77+2n

To find n, we simply divide the difference of term 6 and term 3 by 3.

Thus term 8

The answer is 117.

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