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  • Pathophysiology of Tetanus

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    Christopher John Aguelo
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    1. Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani bacteria entering the body through a wound and releasing toxins that block neurotransmitter release in the central nervous system. 2. This leads to painful muscle spasms and rigidity as muscles contract unopposed. Complications can include lockjaw, difficulty swallowing, respiratory failure, and death. 3. Treatment involves sedation, muscle relaxants, antitoxins, antibiotics, and sometimes mechanical ventilation. The goals are to prevent further toxin release, neutralize existing toxins, and minimize effects of toxins in the central nervous system.

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    1. Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani bacteria entering the body through a wound and releasing toxins that block neurotransmitter release in the central nervous system. 2. This leads to painful muscle spasms and rigidity as muscles contract unopposed. Complications can include lockjaw, difficulty swallowing, respiratory failure, and death. 3. Treatment involves sedation, muscle relaxants, antitoxins, antibiotics, and sometimes mechanical ventilation. The goals are to prevent further toxin release, neutralize existing toxins, and minimize effects of toxins in the central nervous system.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    3K Ansichten2 Seiten

    Pathophysiology of Tetanus

    Hochgeladen von

    Christopher John Aguelo
    1. Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani bacteria entering the body through a wound and releasing toxins that block neurotransmitter release in the central nervous system. 2. This leads to painful muscle spasms and rigidity as muscles contract unopposed. Complications can include lockjaw, difficulty swallowing, respiratory failure, and death. 3. Treatment involves sedation, muscle relaxants, antitoxins, antibiotics, and sometimes mechanical ventilation. The goals are to prevent further toxin release, neutralize existing toxins, and minimize effects of toxins in the central nervous system.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Als DOCX, PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    von 2

    c 

      
    Ê Ê 
    
    Ê £ Ê
     
      
      
     › 
    p › ›
    
     ›
    Œ £›  
    

    u  
     
    
     body through a wound

    Anaerobic conditions allow germination of spores


    and production of toxins

    Toxins are produced and disseminated via blood and lymphatic

    ÷
       enters the nervous system peripherally at the myeoneural junction and is transported
    centripetally into neurons of CNS
    
    Interferes with neurotransmitter release to block inhibitors ΠLockjaw
    p  
    Leads to unopposed muscle contraction and spasm ΠStiffness
    Πtemperature
    ΠNeck rigidity
    Πsweating
    Œ £ysphagia
    Œ Ôestlessness
    Without Intervention
    p Ôeflex spasms
    p SEIZUÔE
    p   

    Toxins acts at the synapse of Spasms of the vocal cords or


    interneurons of inhibitory muscles involved in breathing Cardiovascular complications
    pathways and motor neurons
    Obstructions(by secretions,
    exhaustionand pulmonary Hyperactivity of the
    lockage of spinal inhibition sympathetic nervous system
    aspiration)

    General Muscle Ôigidity


    Ôespiratory Failure Sx:
    p Tachycardia
    Uninhibited afferentstimuli ΠSweating
    Facial muscle spasm
    entering CNS ΠFever

    Sx:
    ΠLock jaw Severe Vasoconstriction
    p Seizure(as an effect of
    the toxin in the brain ) Œ £ifficulty swallowing
    Hypertension

    Aspiration neumonia
    Increasedbasal sympathetic activity and
    episodesof sympathetic over activity
    rogressive muscle spasm

    p Sx:Ôeflex Spasms
    p Sx:  
    £eath

    Fracture Autonomic £ysfunction


    ( ones to break and joints to dislocate) ad rognosis
    Legend:
    ΠManifested by the
    patient
    p Not manifested by the
    client
    Sx Sign And Symptoms

    With Intervention

    £  
    
    
    Tetanus is suspected upon a bite or puncture wound; £iagnosis is made thru clinical findings and history
    since C. Tetani exhibits such exquisite sensitivity to oxygen or difficult to grow from clinical specimen
    
     
      
    Sedation, Antitoxin, Muscle relaxants,Antibiotic; some of the anti-tetanusmedication may include
    £ecavac, Tetanus Toxoid(absorbed or Fluid), ediarix, Infantrix, Tripedia, Adacel, Tetanus Immune
    Globulin(Human),
     
      
    V Mechanical Ventilator (respirator),
    Three principles apply:
    1. revent further toxin release.
    2. Neutralize toxin present in the body outside the CNS.
    3. Minimize the effects of the toxin already in the CNS.
    ×
     
      
    1. Cleanse the wound with betadine solution or any antiseptic.
    2. Encourage client to take anti biotic if having a wound as a prophylaxis.
    3. Encourage Client to have immunization.
    4. Teach preventive methods such as boiling water for 15 minutes.
    5. Using sterile scissor when cutting umbilical Cord for neonatal tetanus.
    

    Optimum Level of Functioning

    Good rognosis

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