Renaissance Overview by Goodbye-Art Academy Transcript

Fill in the missing information:

The Renaissance1 was a time of 1._________ and expansion2 for religious interpretation, scientific discovery,

exploration of new lands and the flourishing of the Arts. It was a period between the 14th and 16th centuries that

devalued3 the 2._________ era before it in favour of a new and brighter era, that would 3._________ inspiration4

from the Greek and Roman traditions of antiquity5.

1
Αναγέννηση
2
επέκταση
3
υποτιμώ
4
έμπνευση
5
αρχαιότητα

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A great paradigm6 shift from the dark Μedieval Τimes7 occurred. It would produce innovative thinkers, such as

Nicholas Copernicus, Desiderius Erasmus and the Renaissance artists that would become some of the most

4._________ and well-loved masters in the world.

The Renaissance took place primarily8 in Italy, but its 5. _________ and ideas reached far and wide9. The medieval

values that came before it encouraged obedience 10 and faith11 and authority12. The Renaissance was a complete

shift and placed high value on knowledge and personal responsibility.

6
παράδειγμα, με την έννοια του προτύπου
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Μεσαίωνας
8
ως επί το πλείστον
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σε όλα τα μήκη και πλάτη της γης
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υπακοή
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πίστη
12
αυθεντία

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The art during this time is known for its realistic scenery 13, linear14 perspective15 and its innovative16 light and dark

shadowing known as Chiaroscuro. The Renaissance began as a literary 6._________ with the texts of antiquity

being rediscovered, but it was quickly picked up by the visual arts and sciences.

Italy’s intermingling17 between math science and art during this time, led to the discovery of perspective in the

arts. Perspective was an 7._________ that allowed new space to be configured18 in the paintings. Flattened stack

space was replaced with mathematically accurate 19 images with dimension20 and depth. One example of a

Renaissance painting before three dimensional 8._________is Agnolo Gaddi’s The Coronation of the Virgin

painted around 1370. The Coronation21 of the Virgin depicts six angels witnessing a central scene of Jesus

crowning his mother Mary, after her death on earth.

13
τοπία
14
γραμμικός
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προοπτική
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καινοτόμος
17
ανάμειξη
18
διαρθρώνω, συνθέτω
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ακριβή
20
διάσταση
21
στέψη

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The painting is highly detailed and features22 bright, pastel colors and a 9._________ of radiant gold. However,

the depiction is overall flat and reminiscent of23 the two-dimensional religious illustrations found in medieval

Bibles.

Masaccio’s Holy Trinity24 is the earliest surviving painting to use linear perspective to accurately represent an

architectural space - a chapel25 where God, the Virgin Mary and Saint John the Baptist witnessed the

10._________ of Christ. The realism of the painted chapels’ depth would have impressed viewers at the time, the

same as 3D movies do today.

The church, as one of the most powerful and wealthy institutions in Italy, was able to 11._________ artists to

create sculptures and architecture that adorned 26 and served church iconography and function. Christian Saints

were painted and sculpted to replace Byzantine mosaics and murals with Greek, mythological imagery, but direct

22
προβάλλω, αναδεικνύω, δείχνω
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που θυμίζει κτ
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Η Αγία Τριάδα
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παρεκκλήσι, εκκλησάκι
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στολίζω

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influence from antiquity on form and technique was still visible. Using antiquity as a backdrop 27, artists began

incorporating28 and fusing29 the Christian iconography with the Greek and Roman symbols and imagery 30. This was

most apparent31 in the work of Botticelli.

During this time of flourishing artistic 12._________, Italy saw the rise of powerful individuals and families. Italy

was not a unified state during the time of the Renaissance, and while the church had considerable power and

wealth during this time, the Medici family owners of Europe's largest bank became the most powerful dynasty in

the region. Gaining their power through banking, the Medici were such a rich and political dominating force that

they were able to commission32 hundreds of works of art and have powerful 13._________ within the church.

27
φόντο
28
ενσωματώνω
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ενώνω, συνδυάζω
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σύμβολα, συμβολισμός (στις τέχνες), καλολογικά στοιχεία (στη λογοτεχνία)
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φανερός
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παραγγέλνω

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Prominent33 artists and thinkers sponsored by the Medici family include Masaccio, the painter who perfected and

popularized34 one-point linear perspective35, Fra Angelico, Donatello and even masters like Galileo, Leonardo da

Vinci and Michelangelo. Although the Renaissance was already 14._________ like wildfire36 across northern and

western Europe on its own it was helped along by the Medici’s power and influence.

Leonardo was the quintessential37 Renaissance man. He was skilled as an artist, scientist and architect. His

interest in worldliness38, beauty, love of learning and ideals of antiquity led him to create novel and 15._________

work.

His best-known work, and among the most famous paintings in the world, is the Last Supper39, painted on the

cafeteria wall of the Santa Maria delle Grazie Covenant in Milan. The Last Supper 16._________ Jesus’s last meal
33
επιφανής
κάνω κτ δημοφιλές, κάνω κτ της μόδας
34

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Η γραμμική προοπτική είναι μια γεωμετρική τεχνική, η οποία χρησιμοποιεί ευθείες γραμμές που δείχνουν το πώς φαίνονται τα αντικείμενα με βάση την
απόστασή τους από το κοντινότερο προς το θεατή πλάνο του πίνακα https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%84%CE
%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_(%CF%83%CF%87%CE%AD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF)
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πυρκαγιά
37
πεμπτουσία
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κοσμικότητα, του κόσμου τούτου όχι του ουρανού ή του παραδείσου, τα επίγεια
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Ο Μυστικός Δείπνος

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on earth with his disciples40. The disciples are riddled with41 surprise and angst, because Jesus has just revealed to

them that one of them will betray him and he will die.

Leonardo’s work remains in the Canon of artwork 42, but due to his constant 17._________, his works are falling

apart today and many of his ideas led to failure or never saw fruition 43.

Michelangelo was much like Leonardo but instead of exploring all avenues he concentrated 44 his skill in the Arts.

Although his true passion and ingenuity 45 was put into sculpture, he designed exquisite 46 architecture as well and

made one of the most famous paintings of all time on the ceiling of The Sistine Chapel. The Sistine Chapel took

Michelangelo four years to complete between 1508 and 1512.

40
οι μαθητές του Χριστού
41
γεμάτος με
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Ως Κανόνας ορίζεται το καθιερωμένο χρονοδιάγραμμα των καλλιτεχνών που θεωρούνται διαχρονικοί δάσκαλοι ή σπουδαίοι καλλιτέχνες. Είναι ένα σύνολο
κανόνων, αρχών ή προτύπων που είναι αποδεκτά ως θεμελιώδη.
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ευόδωση
44
επικεντρώνω, συγκεντρώνω
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επινοητικότητα, εφευρετικότητα, ευφυΐα
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υπέροχος, θεσπέσιος, εξαιρετικός

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The expansive47 ceiling 18._________ paintings of biblical stories such as Jonah and the Whale, Adam and Eve,

biblical prophets, the ancestors48 of Jesus and God's Creation of the world, which includes one of the most

famous paintings at the central point of the ceiling, the Creation of Adam. The Creation of Adam depicts49 God, a

grey-bearded man, accompanied by angels, extending his finger to Adam’s outreached 50 finger to 19._________

him with life.

The Sistine Chapel is a testament51 to Michelangelo's skillful depiction52 of intense emotion and advanced

understanding of human anatomy. Michelangelo had a distinct 53 style that matched finesse with stunning 54

virtuosity55.

47
επεκτατικός, ευρύς
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πρόγονος
49
απεικονίζω
50
απλωμένο
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διαθήκη, απόδειξη
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επιδέξια, ταλαντούχα απεικόνιση
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ξεχωριστός
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εκπληκτική
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μαεστρία, δεξιοτεχνία

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A rival56 painter of Michelangelo's, Raphael, decorated the walls of the Catholic Pope’s library in the Vatican

between 1509 and 1511. One of these Vatican walls features the School of Athens, Raphael's 20._________. The

School of Athens demonstrates Raphael's mastery 57 of linear perspective in its realistic depiction of an elegant

cross-shaped building crowded with philosophers, artists and patrons 58 in the painting: philosophers like Plato,

Aristotle, Epicurus and Pythagoras debate philosophical questions and read from philosophy books. Statues of

Apollo and Minerva59 feature prominently60 in the school, inviting viewers to 21._________ the relationship

between religion and philosophy.

The Renaissance was the beginning of an exploration in style and virtuosity that can be traced through the next

three to four hundred years in the arts. The names of Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael still holds

sway61 today, and their work has become standard in the history of the world.

56
αντίζηλος, αντίπαλος
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επιδεξιότητα, μαεστρία, αριστοτεχνία, υψηλό επίπεδο, άρτια εκμάθηση
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χορηγός, χρηματοδότης
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Η θεά Αθηνά
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σε περίοπτη θέση
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επηρεάζω, κυριαρχώ

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The Renaissance set in motion a series of inquiries and discoveries that 22._________ changed the world and

ushered62 in a new way to approach the world.

What followed the Renaissance in art was the Mannerist period. Mannerism continues the legacy 63 of the

Renaissance through its use of rich, bright, colors, religious and mythological subjects and highly detailed works.

However, it moved away from the realism of the Renaissance and towards distorted 64 figures that aim to

emulate65 23._________ ideals.

The individualistic focus, mathematical and scientific exploration of the Renaissance continues to influence our

world today. The Renaissance created a path that led to what we consider modernity and subsequently 66, the

24._________ world.

62
συνοδεύω, οδηγώ (ο ταξιθέτης…)
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κληρονομιά, υστεροφημία
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παραμορφωμένος, διαστρεβλωμένος
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μιμούμαι, αντιγράφω
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έπειτα, μετά, στη συνέχεια

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