4 Acids, bases and salts

Cu Cu O 12
C Ar = 12 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
+ O O
H+ acids
H+ OH –
Cu Cu O Cu O Mr = 80 Masses of compounds methyl orange

8 9 10 11 12 13 14
ACID + BASE
FeCl3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl OH – bases
SALT + WATER

4.1 Stoichiometry 8.1 The characteristic properties

of acids and bases
Equations

Uses
Neutralisation reactions

nitrogen NH4NO3

HCl
+ NaOH NaCl
+ H2O
phosphorus PO43–
potassium KNO3
Salts and their uses

ACID + BASE SALT + WATER Ca(OH)2 + 2NH4Cl 2NH3 + CaCl2 + H2O

8.3 Preparation of salts 11.3 Nitrogen and fertilisers

Reactions of carbonates and acids

CuCO 3 CO 2 CaO
metal elements

non-metal elements

CaCO3
CaCO3
Thermal decomposition

Na2O MgO ZnO CO2 NO2 SO2

Ca(OH)2
heat CuO
Indicators

8.2 Types of oxides 13.1 Carbonates

AgNO3
Cu2+ Na+ K+ Li+ Cl– Br– I–

Testing for ions and gases Testing for carbonates

O2 Cl2
CO2 NH3 H2

8.4 Identification of ions and gases

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