Law:

 Law is a set of rules decided by a particular state meant for the purpose of keeping the
peace and security of society. Courts or police may enforce this system of rules and
punish people who break the laws, such as by paying a fine, or other penalty including
jail.

Nature of law :
Natural law is a system of law based on a close observation of human nature, and
based on values intrinsic to human nature that can be deduced and applied
independent of positive law. According to natural law theory, all people have inherent
rights, conferred not by act of legislation but by "God, nature, or reason."

Establishing Standards:

The law is a guidepost for minimally acceptable behavior in society. Some activities, for
instance, are crimes because society (through a legislative body) has determined that it
will not tolerate certain behaviors that injure or damage persons or their property. For
example, under a typical state law, it is a crime to cause physical injury to another
person without justification doing so generally constitutes the crime of assault.

Maintaining Order:

This is an offshoot of establishing standards. Some semblance of order is necessary in

a civil society and is therefore reflected in law. The law when enforced provides order
consistent with society’s guidelines. Wildlife management laws, for example, (such
as West Virginia’s prohibition against using ferrets for hunting,) were first passed in an
effort to conserve game that had nearly been hunted into extinction during the
nineteenth century. Such laws reflect the value society places on protecting wildlife for
future generations to enjoy.

Resolving Disputes:

Disputes are unavoidable in a society comprised of persons with different needs, wants,
values, and views. The law provides a formal means for resolving disputes the court
system.

Protecting Liberties and Rights:

The constitutions and statutes of the United States and its states provide for various
liberties and rights. One function of the law is to protect these various liberties and rights
from violations or unreasonable intrusions by persons, organizations, or government.
For example, subject to certain exceptions, the First Amendment to the Constitution
prohibits the government from making a law that prohibits the freedom of speech.
Someone who believes that his free speech rights have been prohibited by the
government may pursue a remedy by bringing a case in the courts.

Sources of law in Pakistan :

Following are the features of the constitution of Pakistan 1973.

I. Pakistan shall be a Federal Republic with a Parliamentary system of government. The

prime minister shall be the head of government, elected from the majority party.
II. The special position of lslam as the state religion shall be emphasized and both the
prime minister and president are required to be Muslims.
III. Pakistan shall be declared an lslamic republic by default.
IV. A bill to amend the constitution shall need a two-thirds majority in the lower house
and a majority in the upper house.
V. All fundamental human rights shall be guaranteed but the stipulation was added that
it was subject to resonable restrictions imposed by law'.
VI. The supreme court and High Courts shall be given the power to enforce fundamental
rights.
VII. The president shall act in accordance with the binding advice of the prime minister,
and all orders of president shall be counter signed by the prime minister.
VIII. The senate, or upper house, shall be elected mostly from the provincial
governments and so, for the first time, the interests of the provinces shall be
safeguarded at the centre. The Senate shall not be dissolved even in emergencies.
IX. In case of emergencies, the federal government can pass legislation on anything
and can even suspend fundamental freedoms.
X. Urdu shall be the official language of the country, with pakistani language to be
retained for the next 15 years.
Xl.The teaching of holy Quran and Islamiat should be compulsory.
XlI. Pakistan shall be a federal lslamic state, so residuary powers shall rest with
provinces not the central government.

Fundamental rights of constitution :

 Slavery, forced labor is prohibited and no child under age of 14 year be

employed in factory and mines.
 There shall be protection against retrospective punishment
 There shall be protection against double punishment and self-incrimination.
 Freedom of movement to everyone
 Freedom of assembly for all citizens
 Freedom of association for all citizens
 There shall be freedom of trade, business and profession for all citizens.
 Freedom of speech for all citizens
 All citizens shall have right to have access to information in all matters of public
importance under article 19A.
 Freedom to profess religion and to manage religious institution in country
 Safeguard against the taxation for the purposes of any particular religion.
 Safeguard as to educational institutes in respect of religion etc.
 All citizens have right to acquire, hold and dispose of property in any part of
Pakistan.
 Protection of property rights of owners.
 All citizens are equal and there shall be no discrimination on bases of sex etc.
 Free and compulsory education to all children of age 5 to 16 by Government
 No discrimination in respect of access to public places.
 Safeguard against discrimination in services.
 All citizens have right to preserve their particular language, script and culture