Hindusthan College of Engineering And Technology

Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Accredited with ‘A’ Grade by NAAC

(An Autonomous Institution, Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)
Coimbatore – 641 032
COURSE INFORMATION

1. Academic Year : 2020 - 2021

2. Name of faculty
3. Department
4. Programme
5. Class and semester
6. Course code and title
7. Regulations
8. Core / Elective
9. Contact hours
10. Type of course
11. Number of credits
: Mr.A.KUPPURAJ & Mr.V.SARAVANAKUMAR
: Aeronautical Engineering
: B.E., Aeronautical Engineering
: IV-year and seventh semester
: 16AE7202- Computational Fluid Dynamics
: R2016
: Core
: 45
: Analytical
:3

12. Course pre-requisites:

i. 16AE3203 Engineering Fluid Mechanics
ii. 16AE4201 Aerodynamics
iii. 16AE5202 High speed aerodynamics
iv. 16AE5302 Heat transfer

13. Course learning objectives:

i. To impart knowledge on numerical modeling technique.
ii. To understand the various grid generation technique.
iii. To know the discretization methods for the basic fluid dynamic equations.
iv. To give exposure to various solution methods in the numerical technique.
v. To familiarize about the turbulence models.

14. Course Outcomes:

Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to:

To understand the numerical modelling and its role in the field of fluid flow and heat
CO1
transfer problems.
CO2 To apply the various grid generating technique in flow problems.
CO3 To understand and applying the various discretization methods and boundary layer

1
 equations.
CO4 To remember the various solution methods used in finite element techniques
CO5 Understand and applying the Various turbulence models in flow problems.
15. Course Syllabus:

UNIT- I FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

Introduction – Governing equations of Fluid Dynamics - Incompressible In viscid Flows:

CO1 Source, vortex and doublet panel, methods - lifting flows over arbitrary bodies. Mathematical 9
properties of Fluid Dynamics Equations -_ Elliptic, Parabolic and Hyperbolic equations - Well
posed problems.

UNIT II DISCRETIZATION
Discretization schemes and its properties in finite volume approach, Steady one-dimensional
CO2 diffusion and convection- diffusion equation, Central, upwind, hybrid differencing scheme, 9
Power law, QUICK scheme.

UNIT III FINITE ELEMENT TECHNIQUES

Overview of Finite Element Techniques in Computational Fluid Dynamics, Discretization of
CO3 partial Differential Equations, Explicit and Implicit methods, Strong and Weak Formulations of 9

a Boundary Value Problem.

UNIT IV STEADY PRESSURE-VELOCITY COUPLINGS

CO4 Staggered grid, momentum equation, SIMPLE algorithm and its variants, PISO algorithm. 8

UNIT V TURBULENCE MODELS AND GRIDS

Time averaging, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, Mixing length model, k-ε model,
Grids- Classification of grids and transformations. Generation of structured grids. Unstructured
CO5 grids. Delaunay triangulation, Adaptive grids, Illustrative applications for developing flow in a 10
curved pipe and heat transfer in internally finned tubes, Aspects of CFD computations with
commercial Packages.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
16. Text book:
(i) T1 - John D.Anderson, Jr, ―Computational Fluid Dynamics‖, McGraw-Hill, 2012.
(ii) T2 - H.Versteeg and W.Malalasekra ―An introduction to Computational Fluid
Dynamics‖ Pearson Education Ltd., 2013.

Reference book
(i) R1 - Suhas V Patankar ―Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid flow‖, Taylor &
Francis 2004.

2
 (ii) R2 – John F. Wendt (Editor), ―Computational Fluid Dynamics - An Introduction‖,
Springer – Verlag, Berlin, 1992

Web links:
1. http://wwwmayr.in.tum.de/konferenzen/Jass05/courses/2/Zuo/Zuo_paper.dochttps://engineering.p
urdue.edu/ME608/webpage/l33.pdf
2. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/82/98/55/PDF/m3as-review.pdf
3. https://epubs.siam.org/doi/abs/10.1137/0733003
4. www.egr.msu.edu/erl/flowfield/
5. https://uiuc-cse.github.io/me498cm-fa15/lessons/fluent/handout-turbulence.pdf

17. Course plan:

Text/
Sl. No of Cum Teaching Teaching
Name of the topic Reference
No Hours Hours Methods Aid
books
UNIT I - FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
Group I
Lecture/ Power Point
Flipped Presentation/
1. Basics of computational fluid dynamics 1 1 T1
Class Animation
Room/Quiz
Group II
Lecture/
2. Governing equations in fluid dynamics 1 2 T1 Recorded/
Flipped
Class Video/
3. Continuity and momentum equation 1 3 T1 Power Point
Room/
Seminar Presentation
4. Energy equations 1 4 T1
Group III

Source, vortex and doublet panel,

5. 1 5 T1,R2 Lecture/ Video/ Power
methods
Flipped Point
Class Presentation/
6. lifting flows over arbitrary bodies 1 6 T1
Room/Quiz Animation
Group IV

7. Mathematical behavior of PDEs on CFD 1 7 T1, T2

Lecture/ Video/
Elliptic, Parabolic and Hyperbolic Flipped Recorded
8. 1 8 T1, T2 Video/ Power
equations Class
Room/Quiz Point
Presentation/
Animation
9. Well posed problems 1 9 T1, T2

3
 Text/
Sl. No of Cum Teaching Teaching
Name of the topic Reference
No Hours Hours Methods Aid
books

UNIT II - DISCRETIZATION
Group I
10. Lecture/ Power Point
Introduction to discretization 1 10 T1, R1
Flipped Presentation/
Discretization schemes and its properties Class Animation
11. 1 11 T1, R1 Room/Quiz
in finite volume approach
Group II
Steady one-dimensional diffusion and
12. convection 1 12 T1, R1

13. Central differencing schemes 1 13 T1, R1

Video/
14. Upwind differencing schemes 1 14 T1 ,R1
Lecture/ Recorded
15. Hybrid differencing schemes 1 15 T1,R1 Flipped Video/
Class Room Power Point
16. Power-law 1 16 T1,R1 Presentation

17. Quick schemes 1 17 T1,R1

Example problems on differencing
18. 1 18 T2 ,R1
schemes.
UNIT III - FINITE ELEMENT TECHNIQUES
Group I
Steady one-dimensional convection and
19. 1 19 T2, R1
diffusion
Discretization of partial Differential Video/
20. 1 20 T2, R1 Lecture/
Equations
Flipped Recorded
Discretization of partial Differential Class Video/
21. 1 21 T1, R1
Equations Room/ Power Point
Seminar Presentation
22. Implicit method formulation 1 22 T1,R1
Explicit method formulation T1,R1
23. 1 23
Group II

Strong and Weak Formulations of a Lecture/ Video/

24. Boundary Value Problem 1 24 T1, R1 Flipped
25. Strong and Weak Formulations of a 1 25 T1,R1 Class Room
Boundary Value Problem

4
 Text/
Sl. No of Cum Teaching Teaching
Name of the topic Reference
No Hours Hours Methods Aid
books
Example problems on differencing
26. 1 26 T2,R1
schemes.
Example problems on differencing Recorded
27. 1 27 T2,R1
schemes. Video/
Power Point
UNIT IV - STEADY PRESSURE-VELOCITY COUPLINGS
Group I
Representation of the pressure gradient
28. 1 28 T1, R1
term and continuity equation Video/
29. Staggered grid 1 29 T1, R1 Lecture/ Recorded
Momentum equations-pressure and Flipped Video/
30. velocity corrections 1 30 T1, R1 Class Room Power Point
Presentation
31. Pressure correction equation 1 31 T1, R1
Group II

32. SIMPLE algorithm 1 32 T1, R1 Video/

Lecture/
Recorded
33. Variants of SIMPLE algorithm 1 33 T1, R1 Flipped
Video/
Class
Power Point
34. Variants of SIMPLE algorithm 1 34 T1, R1 Room/
Presentation/
Quiz
Animation
35. PISO algorithm 1 35 T1, R1

UNIT V - TURBULENCE MODELS AND GRIDS

Group I

Introduction to turbulence flow and its

36. 1 36 T2,R1,R2
characteristics Video/
Lecture/
Time averaging, Reynolds-averaged Recorded
Flipped
37. Navier-Stokes equations 1 37 T2,R1,R2 Video/
Class Room
Power Point
Turbulence models introduction and
38. Mixing length model 1 38 T2,R1,R2 Presentation

39. Two equation (k-Є) models 1 39 T2,R1,R2

Group II
Grids- Classification of grids and
40. 1 40 T2,R1,R2
transformations
Generation of structured grids.
41. Unstructured grids. 1 41 T2,R1,R2

5
 Text/
Sl. No of Cum Teaching Teaching
Name of the topic Reference
No Hours Hours Methods Aid
books
Group Online
42. Delaunay triangulation 1 42 T1,R1,R2
Discussion/ Reference
Quiz Video/
43. Adaptive grids 1 43 R1,R2
Animation
Application of grid generation, heat
44. 1 44 R1,R2
transfer and curved pipes
Group III

45. Software tools 1 45 R1,R2 Seminar Models

Total No. Hours: 45

18. Weightage of unit contents:
Factors considered,
F1 Number of periods allotted for teaching the unit, and weightage per hour is equal to 1
F2 Usefulness of the content matter of the unit in the student’s learning point of view and
its weightage equal to 1 if useful otherwise zero.
F3 Usefulness of the content matter of the unit in understanding other units of the same
subject and its weightage equal to 1 if useful otherwise zero.
F4 Usefulness of the content matter of the unit in understanding other subjects prescribed
for the programme and its weightage equal to 1 if useful otherwise zero.

A1 A2
Sl. No Topic F1 F2 F3 F4
(weightage) %
UNIT I - FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
1. Basics of computational fluid dynamics 1 0 0
2. Governing equations in fluid dynamics 1 0 0
3. Continuity and momentum equation 1 0 0
4. Energy equations 1 0 0
25
5. Source, vortex and doublet panel, methods 1 0 0
9 19.33
6. lifting flows over arbitrary bodies 1 1 1
7. Mathematical behavior of PDEs on CFD 1 1 1
Elliptic, Parabolic and Hyperbolic
8. 1 1 1
equations
9. Well posed problems 1 1 0
UNIT II - DISCRETIZATION
10. Introduction to discretization 1 1 1
9 28 21.70
11. Discretization schemes and its properties 1 1 1

6
 A1 A2
Sl. No Topic F1 F2 F3 F4
(weightage) %
in finite volume approach
Steady one-dimensional diffusion and
12. convection 1 1 0

13. Central differencing schemes 1 1 0

14. Upwind differencing schemes 1 1 0

15. Hybrid differencing schemes 1 1 0

16. Power-law 1 1 0

17. Quick schemes 1 1 0

Example problems on differencing
18. 1 0 0
schemes.
UNIT III - FINITE ELEMENT TECHNIQUES
Steady one-dimensional convection and
19. 1 0 0
diffusion
Discretization of partial Differential
20. 1 0 0
Equations
Discretization of partial Differential
21. 1 0 0
Equations
22. Implicit method formulation 1 1 0
Explicit method formulation
23. 1 1 0
Strong and Weak Formulations of a 9 20 15.50
24. Boundary Value Problem 1 1 0

Strong and Weak Formulations of a

25. Boundary Value Problem 1 0 0

Example problems on differencing

26. 1 0 0
schemes.
Example problems on differencing
27. 1 0 0
schemes.
UNIT IV – STEADY PRESSURE-VELOCITY COUPLINGS
Representation of the pressure gradient 8 23 17.82
28. 1 1 0
term and continuity equation
29. Staggered grid 1 0 0
Momentum equations-pressure and
30. velocity corrections 1 0 0

31. Pressure correction equation 1 1 0

32. SIMPLE algorithm 1 1 0

33. Variants of SIMPLE algorithm 1 1 0

7
 A1 A2
Sl. No Topic F1 F2 F3 F4
(weightage) %
34. Variants of SIMPLE algorithm 1 1 0

35. PISO algorithm 1 1 1

UNIT V – TURBULENCE MODELS AND GRIDS
Introduction to turbulence flow and its
36. 1 1 0
characteristics
Time averaging, Reynolds-averaged
37. 1 1 1
Navier-Stokes equations
Turbulence models introduction and
38. 1 1 1
Mixing length model
39. Two equation (k-Є) models 1 1 0
Grids- Classification of grids and
40. transformations 1 1 0
10 33 25.58
Generation of structured grids.
41. 1 1 1
Unstructured grids.
42. Delaunay triangulation 1 1 0
43. Adaptive grids 1 1 0
Application of grid generation, heat
44. 1 1 0
transfer and curved pipes
45. Software tools 1 1 0
Total 129 100
A1 Total weightage
A2 Percentage weightage

19. Mapping syllabus with Bloom’s Taxonomy LOT and HOT:

Lower Order Thinking
Students are expected to Recall the information through Recognizing, listing,
R Remembering
describing, retrieving, naming, finding
Students are expected to Explain an ideas or concepts through Interpreting,
U Understanding
summarizing, paraphrasing, classifying, explaining
Students are expected to Use the information in another familiar situation
Ap Applying
through Implementing, carrying out, using, executing
Higher Order Thinking
Students are expected to Break the information into parts to explore
A Analyzing understandings and relationships through Comparing, organizing,
deconstructing, interrogating, finding
Students are expected to Evaluate the Justifying a decision or course of
E Evaluating
action through Checking, hypothesizing, experimenting, judging
Students are expected to Generate new ideas, products, or ways of viewing
C Creating
things through Designing, constructing, planning, producing, inventing.

8
 UNIT I-FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS - (Weightage–19.33%)
Sl.No Name of the Topic Process verb Types of thinking
Remembering
1. Governing equations in fluid dynamics Recall
CO1
Understanding
2. Continuity and momentum equation Explain
CO1
Understanding
3. Energy equations Explain
CO1
Source, vortex and doublet panel, Understanding
4. Explain
methods CO1
Remembering
5. lifting flows over arbitrary bodies Recall
CO1
Mathematical behavior of PDEs on Applying
6. Apply
CFD CO1
Elliptic, Parabolic and Hyperbolic Applying
7. Apply
equations CO1
Explain Applying
8. Well posed problems
CO1
R U Ap A E C Total
Type of thinking in Nos 2 3 3 0 0 0 8
Weightage in % 4.83 7.24 7.24 0 0 0 19.31

UNIT II - DISCRETIZATION (Weightage-21.70%)

Sl.No Name of the Topic Process verb Types of thinking
Understanding
1. Discretization Explain
CO2
Discretization schemes and its
Understanding
2. properties in finite volume Explain
CO2
approach
Steady one-dimensional
Understanding
3. diffusion and convection Explain
CO2
Central differencing schemes Understanding
4. Explain
CO2
Upwind differencing schemes Understanding
5. Explain
CO2
Hybrid differencing schemes Applying
6. Apply
CO2
Power-law Applying
7. Apply, Explain
CO2
Quick schemes Applying
8. Explain
CO2
R U Ap A E C Total
Type of thinking in Nos 0 5 3 0 0 0 8
Weightage,% 0 13.56 8.13 0 0 0 21.69

9
 UNIT III - FINITE ELEMENT TECHNIQUES (Weightage-15.50 %)
Sl.No Name of the Topic Process verb Types of thinking
Steady one-dimensional convection and Understanding
1. Recall ,Explain
diffusion CO3
Discretization of partial Differential Understanding
2. Equations Explain, Define
CO3
Discretization of partial Differential Understanding
3. Equations Explain , Define
CO3
Implicit method formulation Understanding
4. Explain
CO3
Explicit method formulation Understanding
5. Explain
CO3
Strong and Weak Formulations of a Understanding
6. Boundary Value Problem Explain
CO3
Example problems on differencing Applying
7. Explain
schemes. CO3
R U Ap A E C Total
Type of thinking in Nos 0 6 1 0 0 0 7
Weightage,% 0 13.28 2.21 0 0 0 15.49

UNIT IV – STEADY PRESSURE-VELOCITY COUPLINGS (Weightage- 17.82 %)

Sl.No Name of the Topic Process verb Types of thinking
Representation of the pressure gradient term Remembering
1. Recall, Compare
and continuity equation CO4
Staggered grid Remembering
2. Explain , Define
CO4
Momentum equations-pressure and velocity Applying
3. corrections Apply
CO4
Pressure correction equation Applying
4. Explain
CO4
SIMPLE algorithm Define Applying
5.
CO4
Variants of SIMPLE algorithm Understanding
6. Explain
CO4
PISO algorithm Applying
7. Explain ,Apply
CO4
R U Ap A E C Total
Type of thinking in Nos 2 1 4 0 0 0 7
Weightage,% 5.08 2.545 10.17 0 0 0 17.7

UNIT V – TURBULENCE MODELS AND GRIDS (Weightage-25.58%)

Sl.No Name of the Topic Process verb Types of thinking

10
 1. Introduction to turbulence flow and its Remembering
Recall ,Define
characteristics CO5
2. Time averaging, Reynolds-averaged Navier- Remembering
Explain
Stokes equations CO5
3. Turbulence models introduction and Mixing Understanding
length model Choose, Compare
CO5
4. Understanding
Two equation (k-Є) models Explain
CO5
5. Grids- Classification of grids and
Applying
transformations Classify, Explain
CO5
6. Generation of structured grids. Unstructured Applying
Define
grids. CO5
7. Delaunay triangulation Applying
Explain
CO5
8. Understanding
Adaptive grids Compare , Classify
CO5
9. Application of grid generation, heat transfer Explain, Apply Understanding
and curved pipes CO5
R U Ap A E C Total
Type of thinking in Nos 2 4 3 0 0 0 9
Weightage,% 5.68 11.36 8.52 0 0 0 25.56
UNIT R U AP A E C TOTAL %
UNIT 1 4.83 7.24 7.24 0 0 0 19.31
UNIT 2 0 13.56 8.13 0 0 0 21.69

UNIT 3 4.83 7.24 7.24 0 0 0 19.31

UNIT 4 5.08 2.545 10.17 0 0 0 17.7
UNIT 5 5.68 11.36 8.52 0 0 0 25.56
TOTAL % 18.42 41.945 40.3 0 0 0 100
Lower Order Thinking 100
Higher Order Thinking 0

20. Mapping course outcome with Bloom’s Taxonomy LOT and HOT:

COs R U Ap A E C

CO1 √√ √√√ √√√

CO2 √√√√√ √√√

CO3 √√√√√√ √

CO4 √√ √ √√√√

11
 CO5 √√ √√√√ √√√

21. Mapping course outcome with programme outcomes:

Programme outcomes
a) To apply Basic Engineering knowledge in solving complex Aeronautical Engineering
problems.
b) To analyze and arrive at a substantial conclusion for the complex problem.
c) To design and develop solutions for complex problems related to Aeronautics.
d) To conduct research based experiments on Aerodynamics, Aircraft Structures, Propulsion
and Avionics.
e) To utilize modern tools in solving complex problems in the field of Aeronautics.
f) To develop into a proficient and socially responsible Aeronautical Engineer.
g) To contribute for the environmental and sustainable development in the field of
Aeronautics.
h) To apply Ethics in Aeronautical Engineering practice.
i) To function effectively as an individual and also a member or a leader of a diverse team.
j) To communicate effectively on Aeronautical Engineering activities.
k) To demonstrate knowledge and understanding in managing the Aeronautical projects and
finance.
l) Ability to engage in lifelong learning in the emerging trends in Aeronautics.
Program specific outcomes:

PSO1: Apply the knowledge of Mathematics, Science, Engineering fundamentals, and an

Engineering specialization to the solution of complex Engineering problems.

PSO2: Use research-based knowledge and research methods including design, experiments,
analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.

PO
a b c d e f g h i j k l PSO1 PSO2
&PSO

CO1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 1
CO2 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 1
CO3 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 3 2 1 1 1 1
CO4 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 3 2 1 1 1 1
CO5 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

3 High Level 2 Moderate Level 1 Low Level

22. Mapping with programme educational objectives:

Programme educational objectives:

12
 1) Graduates shall exhibit their sound theoretical, practical skills and knowledge for successful
employments or higher studies or research or entrepreneurial assignments.
2) Graduates shall have lifelong learning skills, professional ethics and good communication
capabilities along with entrepreneur skills and leadership, so that they can succeed in their
life.
3) Graduates shall become leaders and innovators by devising Engineering solutions for social
issues and problems, thus caring for the society.
PEO1 PEO2 PEO3
CO1,CO2,CO3,CO4,CO5
3 1 1

3 High Level 2 Moderate Level 1 Low Level

23. Course assessment methods:

Monthly test: 15 Marks

To Identify What Students Have Learned and also to identify students strength and
Objective
weakness
Product Answer scripts
Frequency Monthly
Part – A 6 x 2 = 12 Marks
Part – B 2 x 14 = 28 Marks
Format Part – C 1 x 10 = 10 Marks2
Total marks= 50
Duration : 1 Hour and 30 Minutes
Evaluation Based on answer given in the scripts

Pass mark – 50%

Criteria
Minimum pass percentage: 75%; If not, remedial action will be taken.

Assignment: 5 marks

Objective
To enhance students' understanding of a particular reading
Product
Hand written assignment/tutorial sheets
Frequency
After completing one unit
Format
Important questions from each units

13
 Evaluation
Based on rubrics
Criteria No. of assignments: 3
Submit on or before the date of submission

Attendance: 5 marks

Objective To make all students to attend the class throughout the course

Product Record of class work

Frequency All working days

Format Record of class work format

Evaluation Based on attendance earned by the students

Marks will be awarded according to attendance percentage of students.
91 and above 5.0
Criteria 86 – 90 4.0
81 – 85 3.0
75 – 80 2.0
Less than 75 0

24. End semester exam: 100 marks

Objective To assess the each student’s knowledge of the course

Product Result analysis

Frequency Semester
Part –A 10 x 2 = 20 marks
Part –B 5 x 14 = 70 marks
Format Part – C 1 x 10 = 10 marks
Total marks = 100 marks
Duration : 3 Hours
Evaluation Based on answer given in the scripts

Criteria Minimum pass percentage: 75%; If not, remedial action will be taken.

Faculty In-charge HoD/AERO DEAN ADVISOR

14