Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
SUMMARY
Thus we achieve a new type of Figure1. Model folded and deployed of an spherical
structures that we have defined X-Frame grid.
geometrically and we have used to
design some important buildings as
cited in this paper.
1. INTRODUCTION
We have published this application for the Sa. Pablo Swimming Pool in Sevilla. (Reference 1).
The gread advantage is that the complete cover can be folded in a little parcel (Figure 3).
Figure 3. Three different stages of deploying of the cover oz St. Pablo swimming of Sevilla.
We have continued our research in foldable structures by developing two dimensional grids on
curved surfaces. The Figure 4 shows the principles of a new invention. It consist in curve a
rhombic hinged mesh on any surface. By the moment we have developed the projection on a
cylindrical one as explains the figure 5.
Figure 6. Change of width for a rhombic mesh. The figure 7 shows a basic component
formed by two arches hinged at two
intermediate points placed at half of the
height.
Figure 8. The deploying of two coupled arches. Figure 9. The necessary displacement of the two
coupled arches is named “d”
Figure 10. Design of a deployable cover by means of coupled arches.
This design is covered with a transparent fabric to collect directly the solar radiation making
possible a saving in energy of 50%. And even to avoid to use complementary external power.
The test carried on a similar solution build with X-Frames confirmed this extreme. The temperature
of water arrived till 19 º C in winter when the daily average temperature was of 5ºC and the
sunny days were of 80%. The temperature of water arrived till 37ºC when the external temperature
average was of 18ºC. (Figure 15).
Figure 15. Transparent cover used for testing of a system for energy saving.
In this case the span to cover was of 41 m. and we chose a solution as shown in the figure 16,
tested at reduced model in the Figure 17 and in full scale in the Figure 18.
Figure 16. Design to cover an Auditorium in the folded and deployed positions.
We used arches made with pipes of D400.6 hinged in five points and powered by means of tour
motors of 2HP wheeled on chains. The Figures 19 and 20 show some details of the solution and
the Figure 21 different aspects of the assemble.
At difference of the solution for the swimming pool, in this case the fabric hangs from the pipes
presenting inside a continuous cylindrical surface.
All the analysis has been done by means of the SAP-90 and tested in laboratory. The Figures 22
to 25 shows some details of the building during the construction.
Figure 19. Details of the driving system.
Figure 23. View of the coupled arches. Figure 24. View of the scene.
Figure 25. Erecting the fabric cover. Figure 26. Erecting the fabric cover.
4. REFERENCES.
ESCRIG, F. Ed. “Mobile and Rapidly Assembled Architecture”. STAR. “Structural Architecture”.
Sevilla, 1997.
CHILTON, John. Ed. 3rd. SMG Colloquium “Structural Morphology Towards the new
millenium”. Nottingham, 15-17 August 1997.
ISHII, Kazuo. “Structural Design of Retractable Roof Structures”. WIT. Southampton. To be
published in Sept. 1999.
DOMBERNOWSKY & TURE WESTER Ed. “Engineering a New Architecture”. Aams School
of Architecture. May 26-28, 1998.