Libro1ingles PDF

ENGLISH CLASS
NICE TO
MEET YOU
BASIC
WELCOME !
UNIT 1
1 Welcome !
NICE TO MEET YOU
Anni: Are you a new student here?

Leah: Yes, I am. My name is Leah
Anni: My name’s Anni Sanchez.
Leah: Oh, I think I know your mother.
She’s Marta Sanchez, rigth?
Anni: Uh, Marta Sanchez isn’t
my mother. She’s my sister
Leah: Oh.
GRAMMAR: VERB TO BE
Positive:
I am I’m from Japan.
You / We / They are You’re/ We’re / They’re from Brazil.
He / She / It is He’s / She’s / It’s from India.
Negative:
I am not I’m married.
You / We / You’re not/ You aren’t happy.
They are not We’re not/ We aren’t
They’re not / They aren’t
He / She / It is He isn’t / He’s not a student.
She isn’t/ She’s not
It isn’t / It’s not
4 APRIL PERÚ. Your World in English

Question:
Am I beautiful?
Are You/ We / They a teacher?
Is He/ She / It tall?
SAYING HELLO
Complete the dialogues
1. A. Hi Karen, _______ is James

B. Hello, James. ______ to _____you.
2. A. Hi, I’m Marco. ______ ‘s your_______?

B. Isabella.
A. ________?
B. Isabella.
3. A. Hi, Kenji. _______ are you?

B. I’m fine, thanks. And_____?
A. I’m OK, thank you.
4. A. __________ evening. What’s your name?

B. _________’s Walter Harris.
A. You’re in room 2.
I’m Nice to meet you thanks This is Hi Vicky
APRIL PERÚ. Your World in English 5

1 Welcome !
Complete the dialogue.
GREETINGS AND FAREWELLS
Grettings
Hello, everyone.
Good morning, everybody.
Good afternoon, class.
Hello there, Tom.
Good afternoon, everybody.
How are you today?
How are you getting on?
How’s life?
How are things with you?
Are you feeling better today, David?
What a lovely day!
What a rainy day!
Today is very cold, isn’t it?
Saying Hello
Here’s a typical conversation structure.
A: Say “Hi!”, “Hello!” and follow with a phrase like “How are you?”
or “How are things?”
B: Answer with a phrase like “Fine” and ask A a similar question.
A: Reply
Here’s an example:
A: Hi Suzie. How are you?

B: Fine thanks. And you?
A. Yeah, fine thanks.
“Fine”, “Fine thanks”, “OK”, “OK thanks” all mean the same.
“I’m very well, thanks” is more formal.
“Not bad thanks”, “Can’t complain” are less positive.
In formal situations, you can also say “Good morning”,

“Good afternoon” and “Good evening”.
“Good morning” = for the morning up to lunch.

“Good afternoon” = for the afternoon until early evening
(i.e. around 6pm)
“Good evening” = for the rest of the evening
“Good night” = when you leave a person at the end of
the evening, or when you go to bed.
Next time
The next class starts at 7 o’clock.
We’ll do the rest of this chapter next time.
We’ve run out of time, so we’ll continue next lesson.
We’ll continue this chapter next Monday.
We’ll do some more practice of this in the next class.
We’ll finish this exercise next lesson.
We’re going to continue with this tomorrow, so please sit
together again.
1 Welcome !
Goodbye
Goodbye, everyone.
See you again next Thursday/ next week/ tomorrow/ on Monday
Have a good holiday.
Enjoy your vacation.
See you tomorrow afternoon.
Stand up and say goodbye to the class, please
See you in room 8 after the break.
Leaving the room

Form a queue (UK) and wait for the bell.
Get into a queue (UK).
Be quiet as you leave. Other classes are still working.
Try not to make any noise as you leave.
It’s tidy up time
Everybody outside!
All of you get outside now!
Hurry up and get out!
Line up
BREAK THE ICE : Introduce Yourself
Introducing yourself
Here are some simple phrases you can use.
“I’m …” (your first name / first name + surname)
“My name is …” (your first name / first name + surname)
In formal situations, give your first name and surname.
In informal situations give your first name.
The other person says:
“Pleased to meet you.” or “Nice to meet you.” or

“Good to meet you.”

Example conversations
A: Hi, I’m Clare.
B: Pleased to meet you!
I’m Dave.
A: Good morning.
I’m David Green.
B: Pleased to meet you.
I’m John Harris.
A. Good to meet you.
Tom: Are you a new student here?

Leah: Yes, I am. My name is Leah.
Tom: My name’s Tom Sanchez.
Leah: Oh, I think I know your mother.
She’s Marta Sanchez, right?
Tom: Uh, Marta Sanchez isn’t my mother.
She’s my sister.
Leah: Oh.
Introducing other people

“This is… (name of your friend).”
Now give more information
about the person.
“He’s a friend of mine.”
“He’s a friend of my brother.”
“He’s a colleague.”
“She’s my cousin.”
Example conversations
A: “John, this is Paul. He’s a friend of mine.”
B: “Hi Paul. Nice to meet you.”
Paul: “Good to meet you John.”
Deborah: “This is Sally. She’s my cousin.”

B: “Hi Sally. Pleased to meet you.”
Sally: “Pleased to meet you too.”
1 Welcome !
SMALL TALK
Learning how to introduce yourself is an essential part of learning

how to converse in English. Introductions are also an important part
of making small talk at parties or other social events. Introductory
phrases are different than the ones we use to greet friends, but
they're often used together as parts of the broader conversation,
as you'll see.
Introducing Yourself
In this example, Peter and Jane are meeting for the first time
at a social event. After greeting each other, they begin by asking
simple personal questions. Working with a friend or classmate,
take turns practicing this role-play.
Peter: Hello.
Jane: Hi!
Peter: My name is Peter. What's your name?
Jane: My name is Jane. Nice to meet you.
Peter: It's a pleasure. This is a great party!
Jane: Yes, it is. Where are you from?
Peter: I'm from Amsterdam.
Jane: Amsterdam? Are you German?
Peter: No, I'm not German. I'm Dutch.
Jane: Oh, you're Dutch. Sorry about that.
Peter: That's OK. Where are you from?
Jane: I'm from London, but I'm not British.
Peter: No, what are you?
Jane: Well, my parents were Spanish, so I'm Spanish, too.
Peter: That's very interesting. Spain is a beautiful country.
Jane: Thank you. It is a wonderful place.
Key Vocabulary
In the previous example, Peter and Jane are introducing
themselves. Several important phrases that they use in this
exchange are:

My name is...
Where are you from?
I'm from... (city, state, or country)
Are you... (Spanish, American, German, etc.)
Complete the dialogues

1. A: Hi Karen, _______ is James
B: Hello, James. ______ to _____you.
2. A: Hi, I’m Marco. ______ ‘s your_______?

B: Isabella.
A: ________?
B: Isabella!
3. A: Hi, Kenji. _______ are you?

B: I’m fine, thanks. And_____?
A: I’m OK, thank you.
4. A: __________ evening. What’s your name?

B: _________’s Walter Harris.
A: You’re in room 2.
Introducing Other People

Introductions in Formal Situations
Introductions can occur between more than two people, for
example at a party or at a business meeting. When you meet
someone for the first time, it is common to greet them by
saying, "It's a pleasure to meet you," or "Pleased to meet you."
It is polite to respond by repeating the statement back at them,
as Mary does in this example:
Ken: Peter, I'd like you to meet Mary.

Peter: It's a pleasure to meet you.
Mary: It's a pleasure to meet you too!
Ken: Mary works for...

1 Welcome !
Introductions in Informal Situations

In informal situations, especially in North America, introductions
are also made simply saying, "This is (name)." It is also common to
just say "Hi" or "Hello" as a response in this informal setting.
Ken: Peter, this is Mary.

Peter: Hi. How are you?
Mary: Hello! Pleased to meet you.
Ken: Mary works for...
COMMON INTRODUCTORY PHRASES

As you can see in the previous examples, there are a number of
different phrases that are commonly used to introduce strangers:
(name), I don't think you've met (name).
I don't think you know (name)
May I introduce you to (name)
(name), do you know (name)?
(name), I'd like you to meet (name)
Saying Hello and Goodbye

Many people begin and end conversations by saying hello and
goodbye to each other. Doing so is considered good manners in
many parts of the English-speaking world, and it's also a simple
way to express friendly interest in whoever you're chatting with.
A simple greeting followed by asking about the other person is

all that is needed to begin an introduction. In this brief scenario,
two people have just met:
Jane: Hello, Peter. How are you?

Peter: Fine, thanks. How are you?
Jane: I'm fine, thank you.
Once you're finished speaking with someone, it's customary to
say goodbye as you both part, as in this example:
Peter: Goodbye, Jane. See you tomorrow!
Jane: Bye bye, Peter. Have a nice evening.
Peter: Thanks, you too!

Key Vocabulary
Key phrases to remember include:
Hello... How are you?

I'm fine, thank you
Goodbye
See you... (tomorrow, this
weekend, next week, etc.)
Have a nice... (day, evening, week, etc.)
GREETING AND INTRODUCTIONS, TALKING

WITH STRANGERS
What will I learn from the English

lesson greeting and introductions,
talking with strangers?
During this English lesson you will learn about questions words and
how to use them in a sentence. The last part of the lesson is a brief
discussion between Mr Bean and Mrs Smith in a café in Manchester.
Meeting new people

When you meet new people in a new
country it can be very difficult and
stressful. When you are faced with this
kind of situation it is best to use small
talk which is informal chat in social
situations. Using small talk will help you
start a relationship and also find common
interests to share with your new found
friends or colleagues. When talking to
people like they like you to ask questions
and show an interest with what’s
happening with their lives, family, pets
and the weather, remember people in
the UK love to talk about the weather.

1 Welcome !
Chatting with Strangers

You will notice that most question words in English language start
with ‘wh’.
The following ‘wh’ words are very useful when you meet new people:
Who?
What?
Where?
When?
Why?
How?
How long
Who’s that standing over there near the door?

What do you do? (Used when asking about someone’s job)
Where do you live?
Do you know when the plane leaves?
Why is the food late arriving?
Can you please tell me how do I can get to Oxford Street?
(asking someone for directions)
How long does it take you to get ready in a morning?
Which train do I need to get for going to Manchester?
What is the conversation about?

Mr Bean is waiting at the airport for a plane. He has over forty-five
minutes to wait, so he decides to find a café and have a coffee.
Inside the cafe it is almost full, so he tries to find a seat and ends
up making a new friend with a lady called Mrs Smith.
Mr Bean: - Excuse me, is this seat free?
Mrs Smith: - Yes.
Mr Bean: - Thanks. (Mr Bean sits down.)
Mrs Smith: - My name’s Mrs Smith it is nice to meet you.
Mr Bean: - Hi Mrs Smith mu name is Mr Bean it’s nice to meet
you too.
Mrs Smith: - Where are you from, Mr Bean? You sound like you
not from England.
Mr Bean: - I’m from Thailand. I have been visiting my family in
Manchester. How about you?
Mr Smith: - Same as every day at this time on my way to work,
as usual!
Mr Bean: - What do you do?
Mrs Smith: - I’m an English teacher my students love learning
English. How about you?
Mr Bean: - I’m also an English teacher, but I’m on holiday right
now.
How conversations start

A lot of conversations often start like the one above. You ask a
person’s name, where they come from and their job. You can
use the same methods in many social situations to make small
talk on transport, in a café, supermarket and even in the street.
There will be times when sometimes you will not understand
everything that you hear. It may not be always necessary to
understand every word.
What can I say when I don’t understand

what is being said?
1. Can you speak more slowly, please I don’t understand?
2. Pardon?
3. Sorry, what was that you just said?
4. Am sorry would you mind repeating that, please?
5. I’m sorry; I don’t fully understand what you have just
said, what do you mean.
What will I learn from the English lesson

Reading and writing practice?
During this English lesson you will read a short story then
answering some questions that are relating to the story.
By the end of the lesson you will have practised reading and
writing skills.
What is the conversation about occupation

about?
Mr. Jones is talking to Mr. Rooney who he has just met in a cafe.
They are having a conversation when Mr. Jones asks Mr. Rooney
what he does for a living . . .

1 Welcome !
Mr. Jones: What do you do for a living?

Mr. Rooney: Am sorry I don’t understand the question.
Mr. Jones: What is your occupation?
Mr. Rooney: I'm a mechanic; I work in a garage on Oxford street.
Mr. Jones: A mechanic? You must do a lot of work and get very dirty.
Mr. Rooney: yes I do lots of work. Every day I fix cars and it takes a long
time to get clean after work.
Mr. Jones: That is really interesting. How many cars do you think you
fix in a day?
Mr. Rooney: On average I probably fix about seven cars every day I
do get tired.
Mr. Rooney: What, sort of job do you have Mr. Jones?
Mr. Jones: I don’t have a job at the moment.
Mr. Rooney: why?
Mr. Jones: I’m at college learning English.
Mr. Rooney: Thanks for the chat I have to get back to work now.
Mr. Jones: yes, thanks also.

DURING THE LESSON
UNIT 2
2 DURING THE LESSON
COMMON INSTRUCTIONS
Instructions can be used at

the beginning of a session
Are you ready?
Everybody …
Pay attention, everybody.
Open your books at page…
You need pencils/rulers.
We’ll learn how to …
You have five minutes to do this.
Turn to page …
Look at activity five.
Listen to this tape.
Repeat after me.
Again, please.
Who’s next?
Like this, not like that.
Comprehension language
Do you get it?
Are you with me?
Are you OK?
Do you follow me?
OK so far?
Do you understand?
What did you say?
One more time, please.
Say it again, please.
Like this?
Is this OK?
19 APRIL PERÚ. Your World in English 5

Other common instructions
Come in.
Go out.
Stand by your desks.
Stand up.
Sit down.
Come to the front of the class.
Put your hands up.
Put your hands down.
Hold your books/pens up.
Show me your pencil.
CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT
Giving instructions
Open your books at page 75.
I want you all to join in.
The whole class, please.
All together now.
Come out and write it on the board.
Listen to the tape, please.
Get into groups of four.
Finish off this song at home.
Everybody, please.
Could you try the next one?
I would like you to write this down.
Would you mind switching the lights on?
It might be an idea to leave this till next
time.
Who would like to read?
Which topic will your group report on?
Do you want to answer question 4?
Can you all see the board?

2 DURING THE LESSON
Sequencing
First/ First of all, today, …
After that/ Then
Right. Now we will go on to the
next exercise.
Have you finished?
For the last thing today, let’s …
Whose turn is it to read?
Which question are you on?
Next/ Next one, please.
Who hasn’t answered yet?
Let me explain what I want you
to do next.
The idea of this exercise is for you to …
You have ten minutes to do this.
Your time is up.
Finish this by twenty to eleven.
Have you found the place?
Are you all ready?
Supervision
Stop talking.
Look this way.
Listen to what … is saying.
Leave that alone now.
Be careful.

Questions
Any questions?
Do you have any questions?
Now I’m going to ask you
some questions.
Who knows the answer?
Raise your hand.
Please raise your hand if you
don’t understand.
Try to answer by yourself.
Try again.
A full sentence, please.
Use a full sentence please.
Make a sentence.
Say it in a loud voice.
Louder, please!
Again, please.
Responding to questions
Yes, that’s right,
Fine.
Almost. Try again.
What about this word?
Reference
As I said earlier, …
While we’re on the subject, …
In the background you can see …
The church was started in the last century.
This is a picture of a typically English castle.
Let me sum up.

2 DURING THE LESSON
Encouragement
That’s interesting!
That really is very kind of you.
Don’t worry about it.
Don’t worry, I’m sure you’ll do
better next time.
I’m really impressed. I knew
you could do it!
Have a go! Have another try!
Practise makes perfect.
Good! Excellent! Well done!
That’s great!
That’ much better! You’re
really improving.
Your marks will get better if
you practise more.
Stop making excuses.
Don’t pretend you can’t speak
English, I know you can.
Your marks are getting better
all the time.
Giving feedback to students

Magnificent!
Right!
Fine.
Very good.
That’s very good.
Great stuff!
Well done.
That’s it.
Yes!
Yes, you’ve got it.
Fantastic!
Very fine.
That’s nice.
I like that.

Marvellous!
You did a great job.
Terrific!
Wow!
That’s correct.
Quite right
That’s right.
That’s quite right.
It depends.
That’s much better.
In a way, perhaps.
You’ve improved a lot.
Sort of, yes.
That’s more like it.
It might be, I suppose.
That’s a lot better.
You’re on the right lines (UK).
There’s no hurry.
Have a guess.
That’s almost it.
You’re halfway there.
You’ve almost got it.
You were almost right.
There’s no need to rush.
We have plenty of time
Unfortunately not.
I’m afraid that’s not quite right.
Not quite right. Try again.
Good try, but not quite right.
You can’t say that, I’m afraid.
You can’t use that word here.
Have another try.
Not really.
Not exactly

2 DURING THE LESSON
SPECIAL SITUATIONS
Happy birthday! Hard lines!

Merry Christmas! Never mind.
I hope you all have a Better luck next time.
good Christmas. Do you feel better today?
Happy New Year! Are you better now?
All the best for the Have you been ill?
New Year. What was the matter?
Happy Easter. I’ll be back in a moment.
Tom has his 11th Carry on with the exercise
birthday today. while I’m away.
Anna is eleven today. I’ve got to go next door for
Let’s sing “Happy Birthday”. a moment.
Cheerio now. I’m afraid I can’t speak any
God bless! louder.
Have a nice weekend. I seem to be losing my voice.
Thanks for your help. I have a headache.
Best of luck. I’m feeling under the
Good luck. weather.
I hope you pass. Do you mind if I sit down?
Congratulations! I have a sore throat.
Well done!

Time to stop
Let’s stop now.
It’s time to finish now.
It’s almost time to stop.
I’m afraid it’s time to finish now.
We’ve run out of time.
We’ll have to stop here.
There’s the bell. It’s time to stop.
That’s all for today. You can go now.
Have you finished?
Stop now.
Any questions?
Collect your work please.
Pack up your books.
One minute to finish that activity. It’s nearly time to go.
Are your desks tidy?
Don’t forget to bring your … tomorrow.
The next class is waiting (outside/ to come in)
You’ll be late for your next class (if you don’t stop now)
We’ll have to finish this tomorrow/ in the next lesson
Look at the time/ What time is it now?
That’s all (we have time) for today.
Not time to stop

The bell hasn’t gone yet.
The lesson doesn’t finish till ten past.
Hang on a moment.
We seem to have finished early.
Just a moment, please.
Just a sec/ Just a second/ Wait for it!
There are still three minutes to go.
Just hold on a moment.
One more thing before you go.
We still have a couple of minutes left.
Your watch must be fast.
We have an extra five minutes.
Sit quietly until the bell goes.
Tom, you have to stay five extra minutes (as I told you
earlier/ because you…)
Back to your places.
Stay where you are for a moment.

2 DURING THE LESSON
Homework
Remember your homework.
Take a worksheet as you leave.
What do you have to do before
the next lesson?
This is your homework for tonight.
Finish this exercise
Do the next exercise tonight, and
we’ll check it tomorrow.
Prepare the next chapter for Tuesday.
Do exercise 5 on page 36 for your
homework.
There is no homework today.
There is no homework tonight
(but there will be tomorrow)

CLASSROOM VOCABULARY
Classroom Objects

ARTICLES (A/AN/THE)
UNIT 3
3 ARTICLES
INDEFINITE AND DEFINITE

ARTICLES IN ENGLISH
English has two types of articles: the indefinite article, and the
definite article. The indefinite article is a / an, and the definite article
is the. We use these articles (or no article) before nouns, and the
article we choose depends on the type of noun (singular / plural /
countable / uncountable) and the pronunciation of the noun.
For more information, see our page on English nouns.
The indefinite article

We use a / an before singular countable nouns, when we
mention them for the first time.
I live in a small town.

Take an umbrella when you go out – it’s raining.
We also use the indefinite article to talk about our jobs.
She’s a teacher.
She’s an architect.
Pronunciation rule
We use a / an before singular countable

nouns, when we
mention them for the first time.
I live in a small town.

Take an umbrella when you go out – it’s
raining.
We also use the indefinite article to talk
about our jobs.
She’s a teacher.
She’s an architect.

Be careful: some words that start with
the letter “e” or “u” are pronounced /ju/,
so you need “an” before:
a Euro
a European country
a university
With some words that start with “h”,

the “h” is silent, so you need “an” before:
an hour
an honest person
an honour
But
a hotel
a hot day
Grammar rules
1. Singular, countable nouns must have an article. This can
be the indefinite article, the definite article, or another
determiner (possessive, demonstrative etc).
2. Uncountable nouns cannot have an indefinite article.
“Information” (not “an information”), “money” (not “a
money”) etc.
The definite article

We can use “the” before all nouns: singular or plural countable,
and uncountable.
We use “the” when we talk about something for the second

time, or when we talk about unique or specific things.
1. Talking about something for the second time
“I live in a small town. The town is near a large city.”

3 ARTICLES
2. Talking about specific things

“I like getting presents.” (general)
“The presents I received for my birthday were fantastic.”
(Specific presents – the presents for my birthday.)
3. Talking about unique things

Some things in the world are
unique, and we use “the”:
The sun
The earth
The moon
“Can you see the moon tonight?”

“The sun is millions of miles away
from the earth.”
“I like looking at the stars.”
Countries
We use “the” when the country is plural.
“The People’s Republic of China” (more than one people)

“The Philippines” (more than one island)
“The United Kingdom” (more than one country)
“The United States of America” (more than one state)
For other countries, we don’t use an article.
France, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Canada, etc.

Zero article
We have no article with plural countable nouns when we

talk about general things.
“Cats are beautiful animals.” (cats in general)
“British people are often polite.” (British people in general)

We have no article with uncountable nouns when we talk
about them in general.
“Tea is good for you.” (all tea in general)
“Petrol is expensive.” (all petrol in general)
But when we talk about specific examples, we use “the”
Cats are beautiful animals. The cats

who live next door are Siamese. (only
the cats next door – not all cats.)
English people are often polite. The

English people I know are very reser-
ved. (only the English people I know –
not all English people.)
Tea is good for you. The tea I drink is

high-quality.
Petrol is expensive. The petrol in Italy

costs more than the petrol in Germany

3 ARTICLES
Common errors
1. You only need one article or determiner before a noun.

“My sister” (correct) “The my sister” (incorrect)
“My friend” (correct) “A my friend” (incorrect)
You don’t need an article if you already have an adjective.
Green tea is good for you. (correct)
The green tea is good for you. (incorrect)
2. You can’t put an indefinite article before an uncountable noun.
“I’d like some information please.” (correct)
“I’d like an information please.” (incorrect)
If you want to say “one” (i.e. one advice) you can say “a piece of”.
“I’d like a piece of advice.” (correct)
“I’d like some advice.” (correct)
“I’d like one advice.” (incorrect)
Remember: you can use the definite article before uncountable

nouns to talk about something for the second time, or a specific
thing.
“I’d like some information. The information I need is about bus
tickets.” (talking about information for the second time)
“The information they gave me was very useful.” (specific infor-

mation)

PRONOUNS
5
UNIT 4
4 PRONOUNS
PRONOUNS
Pronouns replace nouns. You can use them to avoid repetition.
For example:
David is a doctor. He is a doctor. (He = David.)
Sarah is a lawyer. She is a lawyer. (She = Sarah.)
Two types of pronouns are subject pronouns, and object pronouns.
Subject pronouns are pronouns that replace the nouns which are
the subject of the verb.
Object pronouns are pronouns that replace the nouns which are the
object of the verb.
Subject pronouns
Subject pronouns are the subject
of the verb.
I
you
he
she
it
we
they
For example:
John and Alice live in New York. They have a house in Brooklyn.
Alice is a lawyer. She loves her job.
John is a doctor. He works in a hospital.

4 PRONOUNS
VERB TO BE
If you're an English learner, you

might need help using the
common English phrase "how are
you" in a variety of contexts. Use
this conversation guide on the
verb "to be" to improve both your
use and understanding of the
phrase.
You'll learn how to apply this term
during conversations and before
long, you won't hesitate to ask an
English speaker "how are you" in
everyday situations. You'll also be
able to use "to be" quickly.
Dialogue Exercise
Read the conversations below:
Ken: Hello, My name's Ken. What's your name?

Jack: Jack. How are you?
Ken: I'm fine, and you?
Jack: Great. Where are you from?
Ken: I'm from Seattle.
Ken: Where is that girl from?
Jack: She's from Japan
Ken: How old is she?
Jack: She's 26.

Now complete this conversation. The conversation below it has
the answers.
Mary: Hello. My (_______) Mary. What's (_______) name?
Peter: Peter. How (_______) you?
Mary: I'm (_______), and you?
Peter: OK. (_______) (_______) you from?
Mary: (_______) from Ireland.
Mary: Hello. My name's Mary. What's your name?
Peter: Peter. How are you?
Mary: I'm fine, and you?
Peter: OK. Where are you from?
Mary: I'm from Ireland.
The above conversations used the verb "to be." Now look at the
conjugation charts of the verb "to be" to help you better
understand it and use it in conversation. "To be" can be used in a
positive context, a negative context or to ask questions, which is
neutral.
Positive
I am from Seatle.
He
She is from Toronto.
It
We
You are from Japan.
They
Negative
I am not (I'm not) from Seatle.
He
She is not (isn't) from Toronto.
It
We
You are not (aren't) from Japan.
They

4 PRONOUNS
Positive
I
He
She
Where It from?
We
You
They
Read the Text Below

My name is Ken Beare and I'm a teacher. My address is 19 Green
Street, and my telephone number is 555-555-3333. I'm 39 years
old, and I'm married. My daughter, Katherine, is two and half
years old. My wife, Barbara, is Italian. She is a bank teller.
Now fill in the gaps in the paragraph. The paragraph below it has
the answers.
My name (_______) Mario, and (_______) a doctor.

My (_______) (_______) 23 York Avenue, and my (_______)
(_______) 555-555-8888. (_______) 45 years (_______),
and I'm married. My son, Peter, (_______) 10 (_______).
My wife, Georgia, is American. She (_______) a lawyer.

The verb “to be”
I am
You are
He / She / It is
We are
They are
Notes
We use “you” for one person or for more than one person.
We use “you” in formal and informal situations.
For example:
How are you? (I’m talking to my sister.)
How are you? (I’m talking to my sister and my brother.)
How are you? (I’m talking to my friend.)
How are you? (I’m talking to a customer.)
Negative Short answers

I am not (I’m not) Am I ….?
You are not (You aren’t) Are you ….?
He is not (He isn’t) Is he / she / it …?
She is not (She isn’t) Are we ….?
We are not (We aren’t) Are they …?
They are not (They aren’t)
Short answers
Yes, I am / No I’m not
Yes, you are / No you aren’t
Yes, he, she, it is / No he, she, it isn’t
Yes, we are / No we aren’t
Yes, they are / No they aren’t
In the past
I was (wasn’t = negative)
You were (weren’t = negative)
He was (wasn’t)
We were (weren’t)
They were (weren’t)
Was I…? Were you …? Etc

THERE IS, THERE ARE
UNIT 5
5 THERE IS, THERE ARE
THERE IS/
THERE ARE
AFFIMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTIONS
SINGULAR SINGULAR SINGULAR
There is/ there’s There isn’t/ there is not Is there …?
AFFIMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTIONS

PLURAL PLURAL PLURAL
There are There aren’t Are there …?
PUT IN PRACTICE
a. Write IS or ARE in the blanks below.
1. There ________ some water in the lake near the elephants.
2. There ________ many animals in the zoo.
3. There ________ a snake in the window.
4. There ________ a zebra in the grass.
5. There ________ lions in the zoo, too.
6. There ________ many baby lions near their parents.
7. There ________ a bird next to the tree.
8. There ________ many monkeys in the trees.
9. There ________ an elephant in the zoo.
10. There ________ birds in the zoo.
11. There ________ many people visiting the animals today.
12. There ________ many children, too.
13. There ________ some grass under the tree.
14. There ________ bananas in the tree with the gorilla.
15. There ________ many birds near the gorilla.
16. There ________ a rock near the tree.
17. There ________ many sharks in the aquarium.
18. There ________ an eel in the aquarium, too.
19. There ________ lots of water for the fish.
20. There ________ many creatures to see at the zoo.

b. Look at the picture and decide if each statement is
true or false
1. There are seven people in the picture.
TRUE / FALSE
2. There is a cat on a chair. TRUE / FALSE
3. There is a woman standing behind a sofa.
TRUE / FALSE
4. There aren’t any cups on the table.
TRUE / FALSE
5. There are some books under the coffee
table. TRUE / FALSE
6. There is a fan in the picture. TRUE / FALSE
7. There is a small dog next to a chair.
TRUE / FALSE
LISTENING
a. Listen and complete de conversation.
Agent: Well, this is the hall. There are six rooms on this floor.
There’s a kitchen, a________, a living room, a ________,
a library …
Larry: Wow! There’s a library, Louise!
Louise: What’s that room?
Agent: That’s a ________.
Larry: How many bathrooms are there?
Agent: There’s one downstairs and three ____________.
Louise: Are there any __________?
Agent: No, there aren’t. This is an old house.
Agent: This is the living room.
Louise: Are those paintings original?
Agent: Yes, I think so.
Larry: Is there a _____________?
Agent: No, there isn’t, sir. But there’s a ___________.
Agent: And the kitchen.
Louise: There isn’t a _______.
Agent: Yes, there is. It’s over there.
Louise: You call that a fridge?! Are there any _______? I need
a glass of water
Agent: Yes. There are some glasses in that ___________. Now
let’s go upstairs.

5 THERE IS, THERE ARE
Describe your neighborhood:

What is there in your neighborhood? What doesn’t exist?
We also use the verb “to be” to talk

about what exists. We use “there is”
(singular) and “there are” (plural)
for this. For example:
“There’s a good film on TV tonight.”
“There are some people in the shop.”

IN, ON OR AT?
UNIT 6
6 IN, ON OR AT?
IN,
ON
ORAT?
GRAMMAR: Preposition of time
Preposition Use Preposition Use Examples
months in July; in September
in
year in 1985; in 1999
seasons in summer; in the summer of 69
part of the day in the morning; in the afternoon;
in the evening
duration in a minute; in two weeks
at part of the day at night

time of day at 6 o'clock; at midnight
celebrations at Christmas; at Easter
fixed phrases at the same time
on days of the week on Sunday; on Friday
date on the 25th of December*

PREPOSITION OF MOVEMENT
Preposition Use Preposition Use Examples

above higher than sth. The picture hangs above my bed.
across from one side to There is a bridge across the river.
the other
after one follows the The cat ran after the dog.
other
along in a line; from one They're walking along the beach.
point to another
among in a group I like being among people.
around in a circular way We're sitting around the campfire.
behind at the back of Our house is behind the supermarket.
below lower than sth. Death Valley is 86 metres below sea level.
beside next to Our house is beside the supermarket.
between is on each side Our house is between the supermarket
and the school.
by near He lives in the house by the river.
close to near Our house is close to the supermarket.
down from high to low He came down the hill.
from the place where Do you come from Tokyo?
it starts
in front of facing sth./sb Our house is in front of the supermarket.
inside opposite of You shouldn't stay inside the castle.
outside
into entering sth. You shouldn't go into the castle.
near close to Our house is near the supermarket.
next to beside Our house is next to the supermarket.
off away from sth The cat jumped off the roof.
onto moving to a place The cat jumped onto the roof.
opposite on the other side Our house is opposite the supermarket.
out of. leaving sth The cat jumped out of the window.
outside opposite of inside Can you wait outside?
over. above The cat jumped over the wall.

6 IN, ON OR AT?
PUT IN PRACTICE
a. Fill in the blanks with the prepositions of time.
a. She was born __________ 1997.

b. I never go out ___________ Sundays.
c. Call me __________ 5 o’clock.
d. I’ve been waiting ______ half an hour.
e. He works _________ night.
f. I have been waiting for you _______ 7 o’clock.
g. I usually go to the beach _________ my holidays.
h. We stayed in the restaurant _______ 10 o’clock.
b. Recognize the prepositions of place
c. Look at the picture. Finish the sentences.

a. A ball is _________ the box.
b. There are flowers _________ the TV.
c. There is a picture _________ the wall.
d. There are flowers _________ the table.
e.
f. The sofa is _________ the ball.
g. The table is _________ the window.
h. The TV is _________ the lamp.
Put the sentences in order
. The two boxes / under the table/ are
. The box /the table/ is on
. The two cats/ the fence/ are behind
.
. There is/ under the Christmas tree/ a present
. Your bag/the kitchen/ is in
. The TV is/the living-room table/ in front of
. There are six plates/the kitchen table/ on
. Under the bed/ My brother’s/ dog is
WRITING
Describe your house in 8 sentences.
Ask your partner about their living-room, kitchen, and bedroom.

Draw a picture.

6 IN, ON OR AT?
Occupations/Jobs

Countries and Nationalities

6 IN, ON OR AT?

Numbers (Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers)
1 ONE 11 ELEVEN 21 TWENTY-ONE
2 TWO
12 TWELVE
30 THIRTY
3 THREE 13 THIRTEEN 40 FORTY
4 FOUR
14 FOURTEEN
50 FIFTY
5 FIVE 15 FIFTEEN 60 SIXTY
6 SIX
16 SIXTEEN
70 SEVENTY
7 SEVEN
17 SEVENTEEN
80 EIGHTY
8 EIGHT
18 EIGHTEEN
90 NINETY
9 NINE
19 NINETEEN
100 A HUNDRED
10 TEN
20 TWENTY

6 IN, ON OR AT?

WHAT CAN I DO?
UNIT 7
7 WHAT CAN I DO?
WHAT
CAN I DO?
Use can + verb to talk about ability.

I can act. Can is the same form
for all subjects.
I/you/he/she/it/we/they can
The negative of can is can’t.

Questions Can + subject + verb + …?
Can you dance?
Short answer
Yes, I can. No, I can’t
PUT IN PRACTICE
A. Look at the pictures.

Complete the sentences with
can/ can’t and a verb from the box.
There is one extra verb.
run eat play see drive

B. Where does it go?
Find the activities and write them in the correct boxes.
I know lots of sports. I can swim and I can play football.

I can play basketball too because we are learning at school!
But I can’t play baseball. We don’t have baseball lessons at
my school. What else can I do? Well, I can’t speak German
or French but I can speak English of course!
Things I can do. Things I can’t do.

7 WHAT CAN I DO?
C. Find the mistake, underline it and write the correct word.
I can swimming.
She cans ride a bike.
Can you to play cricket?
He not can speak English.
Can swim they fast?
She can't ate 20 cakes!
He can to cook dinner.
D. Write differences (abilities) between these people:
(I / my best friend).- _____________________________________________.

(My mum / my dad)______________________________________________.
(I / my teacher).- _________________________________________________.
(Messi / my teacher).-____________________________________________.
SPEAKING
A: How are you doing today?

B: Great. Thanks.
A: What can I help you with?
B: I would like to open a bank account.
A: What kind would you like to open?
B: I need a checking account.
A: Would you also like to open a
savings account?
B: That's fine.
A: In order to open these accounts, you
need to deposit a minimum of $50.
B: I want to deposit $300
A: I'll set up your accounts for you
right now.
B: Make sure to put $150 in each
account.

A: How are things with you?
B: I'm fine. Thank you.
A: May I help you with something?
B: I want to open a bank account.
A: Do you know what kind of account
you want to open?
B: I want to open a checking account.
A: You should also open a savings
account.
B: That would be great.
A: To open these accounts, you will need
to make a deposit of at least $50.
B: I would actually like to deposit $300
today.
A: Let me do that for you now.
B: Please put $150 in each account
for me.
VOCABULARY
I want to open an account.
Could you please help me to
open an account?
I would like to open a joint
account with my wife.
How many specimen signatures
do you need?
How much do I have to deposit
to open a current account?
Are you a customer of
this bank?
Yes, I am. Here is
my passbook.

YOU AND ME
UNIT 8
8 YOU AND ME
GRAMMAR:
SUBJECT PRONOUN AND OBJECT PRONOUN
Subject and Object Pronouns

A subject .pronoun is used in the subject of a sentence.
Singular subject pronouns are I, you, he, she, and it. Plural
subject pronouns are we, you, and they. When you use a
person's name and a pronoun in a compound subject, be
sure to use a subject pronoun. He has many original ideas.
They are exciting and unusual.

Mom and I made bird feeders. An object pronoun is used in
the predicate of a sentence after an action verb or with a
preposition, such as for, at, into, with, or to. Singular object
pronouns are me, you, him, her, and it. Plural object
pronouns are us, you, and them. When you use a person's
name and a pronoun in a compound object, be sure to use
an object pronoun. The teacher asked him about his pro-
ject. It seemed brilliant to me. This project was fun for
James and me.
PUT IN PRACTICE
a. Use a pronoun from the box to

complete each sentence.
Write the sentence.
they he I us
them she me you

1. My mom and plant a garden every summer.
2. Lets me pick out the seeds we will plant.
3. Some new flowers surprised both this season.
4. Looked very strange among the roses and daisies.
5. As we watched grow, we became more and more amazed.
6. Their enormous leaves and huge white flowers puzzled and Mom.
7. Finally, Dad confessed. had planted moonflower seeds to surprise us!
8. Would have fallen for his joke?
b. Write S if the underlined word is a subject

pronoun. Write O if the word is an object
pronoun.
1. Some kids don't know what to think about him.

2. They can't understand someone who is different
from them.
3. She praised his project for its originality.
4. Rainelle and I invited him to sit with us.
5. We were fascinated by his ideas.
6. He has become a valued friend to her and me.
c. Underline the correct pronoun in ( ) to complete

each sentence.
1. Most people choose friends who are like (them, they).

2. (Them, They) feel comfortable with people who agree with them.
3. You and (I, me) have different points of view.
4. A friend with original ideas always surprises (I, me).
5. (Us, We) need to think about what we do and say.
6. (I, Me) prefer independent thinkers.
7. Jose and (her, she) agree with me.
8. We have many exciting conversations with (he, him) and (she, her).

8 YOU AND ME
READING
Lupita's Day
Hello. My name is Lupita Gonzalez. I work in a large

company in Monterrey, Mexico. We make bottles and cans
for soft drinks. I am a secretary. I answer the telephone and
take messages. I also use a fax machine and a computer.
My first language is Spanish but sometimes I speak
English. Many of our clients are from the United States. My
supervisor is Mr. Torres. He is an engineer. I start work at
8:00. I usually drive to work. I have lunch from 1:00 to 2:00.
I finish work at 5:30. I go home and help my mother prepare
dinner. We have dinner at 9:00. After dinner I usually watch
television a while. I usually go to bed at 11:00.

a. Are the following statements TRUE or FALSE?
1. Lupita works in a small company. ( )

2. Lupita is an engineer. ( )
3. Mr. Torres is Lupita’s supervisor. ( )
4. Lupita doesn’t watch television. ( )
b. Answer the following questions from the text:
1. How does Lupita go to work?

2. Who lives with Lupita?
3. What time does she leave her office?
4. What does Mr. Torres do?
c. Complete the sentences from the text?
1. Before she goes to bed, Lupita
2. Lupita speaks Spanish, but she
I love David, and he loves me.

You and I are neighbours. I know you.
He is my friend. I like him.
She studies English. I teach her.
I like reading. I like it.
He helps Sarah and me. He helps us.
They are students. I teach them.
Here are examples of object pronouns after prepositions.
I‘m going to the cinema tonight. Come with me.

Do you want to see the new film? Yes, I’ll go to the cinema with you.
He helps me with English. I get help from him.
I want to buy a present for Diana. I want to buy a present for her.
We have two children. They live with us.
I don’t want to speak to David and Robert. I don’t want to speak to them.

8 YOU AND ME
Dear mom and dad,

Well I want to tell you about my first week of classes at the University.
I get up at 6:00 every morning. That is really early for me. I don't like to
get up early you know. I usually eat breakfast in the school cafeteria.
The food here is pretty good. I have German class every morning at
7:30. After German class I have Business and Economics on Monday,
Wednesday, and Friday at 10:00. I have a lot of homework in that class
but I really like it. I also have English Composition on Monday,
Wednesday, and Friday. On Tuesdays and Thursdays I have United
States History. The campus here is really big. After some problems
during the first days, I now know where all the buildings and
classrooms are. My dormitory is close so I walk to all my classes.
My roommate's name is Eric. He is from Los Angeles. We are good
friends now. He is quiet and doesn't make a lot of noise. Sometimes
Eric and I have dinner together. We don't see each other much
because our school programs are really different. During the evening
I study. Sometimes I study in the library and sometimes in the
dormitory. I usually go to bed around eleven. Mom, I sure miss your
cooking. Could you send me some of your homemade chocolate
cookies? Well, I have to go. Take care.
Love, Jerry

a. Are the following statements TRUE or FALSE?
1. Jerry lives with his parents. ( )
2. Eric is American. ( )
b. Complete the sentences from the text?
1. Jerry wants his mother to ……….…………………………………………..........
2. Jerry goes to …………………….....………… to prepare for his lessons.
c. Answer the following questions from the text:
1. Where does Jerry have breakfast?

…………………………………….....………………………………………................................................
2. Do Jerry and his roommate see each other much?
……………………………………………………................................................................................
3. Is Jerry’s room far from the classrooms? Explain
…………………………………………………………..........................................................................
d. Complete the table:
Subjects Business & English US

German Economics Composition
Days History
Monday
¬
Tuesday
¬
Wednesday
¬ ¬
Thursday
Friday
¬

8 YOU AND ME
This is Eva’s entry from the school yearbook. Read it and answer the
questions that follow:
Hi! My name is Eva Maldini. I am a new

student in this school. I come from the
USA. My mother is Greek and my father
is Italian. They are architects. I like it
here in Athens and I like my school and
my new friends. My favourite sport is
volleyba ll and my hobby is playing
computer games.
My favourite subject is Environmental

Studies, because I like learning about
the Nature and animals. My favourite
animal is the caretta caretta sea turtle
and I am sorry that it’s an endangered
species. I try to protect the environment
and I give my old books for recycling.
When I grow up, I want to be a volun-
teer for Environmental Organizations
like WWF or Greenpeace.
1. Where is Eva from? ...............................................

2. Where is her father from? ...............................................
3. What does he do? ...............................................
4. Does Eva like basketballl? ...............................................
5. Why does she like Environmental Studies? ...............................................
6. What’s her favourite animal? ...............................................
7. What does she do to protect the environment? ...............................................
8. What does she want to do when she grows up? ...............................................

ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS ABOUT YOURSELF
1. Where do you come from?

......................................................................................................................................................
2. Where does your father come from?
......................................................................................................................................................
3. What does he do?
......................................................................................................................................................
4. Where does your mother come from?
......................................................................................................................................................
5. What does she do?
......................................................................................................................................................
6. What’s your favourite sport?
......................................................................................................................................................
7. What’s your favourite subject?
......................................................................................................................................................
8. Why do you like it?
......................................................................................................................................................
9. What do you want to do when you grow up?
......................................................................................................................................................

8 YOU AND ME
ADJECTIVES
How do you feel today?

Feelings & Emotions

WHAT ARE YOU DOING?
UNIT 9
9 YOU AND ME
GRAMMAR: PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Affirmative sentence
I am
You are
He is
She is working.
It is
We are
They are
Negative sentence
I am not
You are not
He is not
She is not working.
It is not
We are not
They are not
Interrogative Sentence
Am I
Are you
Is he
Is she eating?
Is it
Are we
Are they

NOTE
We use the present continuous:
To talk about things that are happening

now, at the moment we speak.
To talk about things that are happening
now, but not exactly at the moment
we speak.
To talk about something we have already
arranged or planned to do in the future.
We often give the future time
(tomorrow, in July,
SPELLING RULES
With most verbs we add -ing.

go > going
play > playing
work > working
If the verb ends in consonant + -e we delete the -e and add -ing.

come > coming live > living
move > moving have > having
*Exception: be > being
If the verb ends in -ie, we change -ie to -ying.

die > dying
lie > lying
If the verb ends in one vowel + one consonant, we double the consonant.
get > getting
run > running
shop > shopping
sit > sitting
put > putting

9 YOU AND ME
a. When the verb ends in one vowel + -y, -w or -x ,we just add -ing.
play > playing
snow > snowing
mix > mixing
b. When the last syllable verb is not stressed.
listen /´LIsen/ > listening

visit /´VISit/ > visiting
*Exception: travel /´TRAVel/ > travelling
PUT IN PRACTICE
babysitter business person homework skyscraper
classmate firefighter lighthouse snowmobile
spaceship speedboat whiteboard windmill
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
11. 12.

1. Sorry, Eddie isn’t here. He’s taking (take) the dog for a walk.
2. Mike and Jane are in the living room. They_____________(watch)

a movie on DVD.
3. Hannah! You _____________ (not listen) to me!
4. I can’t talk now. I _____________ (do) my homework.
5. A: you_________________ (watch) this show?

B: No, I’m not. Watch a different one if you want.
6. A: Maddy’s upstairs in her room.

B: Oh? Really? She___________ (take) a nap?
b. Listen to music win take a nap not enjoy this show not do her
homework watch television.
listen to music win

not enjoy this show watch television
take a nap not do her homework
My grandfather is taking Look! Our dog Max I ______________________

a nap. _____________!
It’s a great game, and My parents.______________ Ellie ______________________

we ______________

9 YOU AND ME
SPEAKING
Read the following interview using the present continuous (progressive)

tense
On the telephone
Tracy: Hello, can I speak to Alex.
Alex: This is Alex, who is speaking?
Tracy: Hi, this is Tracy.
Alex: Hi Tracy. What are you doing?
Tracy: Oh, I'm just watching TV.
What are you doing?
Alex: Well, I'm cooking dinner.
Tracy: What are you cooking?
Alex: I'm taking some potatoes, boiling
some carrots and grilling a steak.
Tracy: It sounds delicious.
Alex: What are you doing for dinner tonight?
Tracy: Well, I don't have any plans...
Alex: Would you like to come over for dinner?
Tracy: Oh, I'd love to. Thanks.
Alex: Great. Mary and Jack are also coming.
They are arriving at seven.
Tracy: OK, I'll be there at seven, too.
Alex: OK, see you then. Bye.
Tracy: Bye
On the park
Mohan: Look at the birds. They are beautiful.
Lavanya: There is a parrot above my head.
It is very nice.
Srileka: Oh! there you can see the peacock.
Mohan: There is the owl and cuckoo bird.
Lavanya: We can see the eagle also.
Srileka: Who are standing near the peacock?
Lavanya: A boy and a girl are standing near
the peacock.
Srileka: What are they doing?
Lavanya: They are admiring the beauty of
the peacock.
Mohan: We had a nice time to-day in the park.

Anne: It's such a beautiful day.
Bruno: It's a perfect day to take a walk
in the park.
Anne: I think so too.
Bruno: The sky is so clear, and you can
see the mountains perfectly.
Anne: Check out those red roses.
Bruno: You can tell that it's the spring.
Anne: That's because everything's in
bloom right now.
Bruno: Look! That man's selling ice cream.
Anne: Do you want to go get one?
Bruno: That sounds so good.
Anne: It'll be my treat.
Bruno: That's very nice of you.k.
Saniya: In which class are you studying?

Sandhiya: I am in eighth standard, what
about you?
Saniya: I am in ninth standard.
Sandhiya: Do you come to school by bus?
Saniya: Yes, I am travelling by bus. I have
to catch Route No.24 bus.
Sandhiya: It has passed on just 15 minutes before.
Saniya: There is another bus at 4.45p.m.
Sandhiya: Who is he learning on the iron pole?
Saniya: He is a beggar. He is a trouble to
the passengers.
Sandhiya: He seems to be blind.
Saniya: We must help the blind people.
A TV Lover
A: You're watching too much TV.
B: What do you mean?
A: I mean you're wasting your life.
B: I'm having fun.
A: You're sitting there with your mouth open.
B: Who cares?
A: I care. Do something.
B: Okay. I did something.
A: What did you do?
B: I turned up the volume.
A: That's not what I meant by "do something."
B: Will you do something? Leave me alone.

9 YOU AND ME
Two Polite People

A: Excuse me.
B: Yes?
A: Are you reading this paper?
B: Oh, no. Help yourself.
A: I asked because the paper is sitting
next to you.
B: Thank you. That's polite of you to ask.
A: Some people would just pick it up.
B: Yes, I know. Some people are rude.
A: I always try to be polite.
B: So do I.
A: The world needs more polite people
like us.
B: I agree 100 percent.
Are You Sleepy?

A: Why are you yawning?
B: I'm sleepy.
A: Why don't you go to bed?
B: I want to watch this TV show.
A: Maybe you should record it.
B: The tape recorder is broken.
A: Then you should watch the rerun.
B: Why? I'm watching the original.
A: But you'll be asleep in about one minute.
B: I'm just yawning because the
commercials are on.
A: Okay. I'll tell you how the show ends.
B: Zzz.
Learning synonyms will help you boost your English dramatically.

So, let's learn some synonyms for the phrase" I think...".
Instead of saying "I think...", you can use the following phrases.

I’m working
You’re working
He’s working / She’s / It’s working
We’re working
They’re working
Negative sentences
I am not / I’m not working
You are not / You aren’t working
He / She / It is not / He / She / It isn’t working
We are not / We aren’t working
They are not / They aren’t working
Questions Short replies

Use the verb “to be” as
Am I working? the auxiliary
Are you working?
Is he / Is she / Is it working? Yes I am / No I’m not
Are we working? Yes you are / No you aren’t
Are they working? Yes he is / No he isn’t
Yes we are / No we aren’t
Yes they are / No they aren’t

9 YOU AND ME
MORE ABOUT USES O F THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
When to use the Present

Continuous tense
Use this tense to:
– talk about things that are happening now / around now.
For example:
“The people next door are shouting.” (At this precise moment)
“Shhh. Tony’s talking on the phone.” (At this precise moment)
“Tom’s working at the supermarket this summer.” (Around now)
“Our football team is doing really well this season.” (Around now)
These things are temporary, rather than permanent. For example, Tom
is working at the supermarket only for a few months this summer. It’s
probably not his permanent job.
– talk about trends and developments.

For example:
“It’s getting more expensive to go to university.”
“People are living longer.”

Past Continuous Tense
(“I was doing”)
There are three main uses of this tense:
1. To talk about what was happening at a particular time in the past and
to give descriptions and background information.
2. To talk about temporary situations in the past.
3. To make polite requests.
1. Talking about what was happening at a particular time in the past.

“This time yesterday, I was reading a book.”
We often use the Past Continuous tense with the Past Simple tense.
The Past Continuous gives the background to an event in the Past
Simple:
“When he got home, the children were playing in the garden.” (The
children started playing in the garden before he got home.)
“I was eating dinner when there was a knock on the door.” (The knock
on the door came in the middle of my meal.)
We can use the Past Continuous to give descriptions.
“The girl was wearing a yellow dress. She was eating ice-cream and
was watching television.”
2. Talking about temporary situations in the past.
“When I was living in London, I often went to the theatre.” (Living in
London was temporary – perhaps I only lived there for a short while.)
Compare with: “When I was a child I lived in the countryside.” Living in
the countryside was a longer event – I was a child for more than a
couple of years. For more permanent situations, we use the Past
Simple tense.
3. Making polite requests.
If we want to make polite requests, we can use the Past Continuous
tense. This is because we put a distance between ourselves and the
person we are asking.
“I was wondering if you had time to see me.”
“I was hoping we could discuss a pay raise.”

WHAT IS THIS?
UNIT 10
10 What is this?
A/ AN
‘a’ and ‘an’ are INDEFINITE ARTICLES

Rules for using the indefinite article (a/an)
1. The indefinite article (a, an) cannot be used with uncountable
nouns or with plural nouns.
2. Use ‘an’ if the word immediately after the article begins with a, e, i,
o or u, except where the ‘u’ is pronounced like a ‘y’ (e.g. an apple, an
egg, an interesting result, an odd couple, an umbrella, BUT a
university).
3. Use a, an when you first mention a singular countable noun.
4. Use zero article when you first mention a plural noun or an

uncountable noun.
THIS/ THESE/ THAT/ THOSE
SINGULAR
THIS/ THAT NOUN VERB
this empty.
drawer is
that for paper.
PLURAL
THESE/ THOSE NOUN VERB
these for supplies.
cabinets are
those locked.

PUT IN PRACTICE
Write a or an.
1. ____ watch.
2. ____ umbrella.
3. ____ calendar.
4. ____ ID card.
5. ____ photo.
Find the sentences in the conversation and circle

the correct words.
1. The paper is in these / this drawers below the printers.
2. Those / That photograph on the left is great.
3. That / Those little girls are my sister’s children.
4. It’s this / these way, down the hall.
VOCABULARY
ASKING FOR HELP

Excuse me.
Can (Could) you say that again, please?
Can you help me, please?
Could I have a copy, please?
Could you explain something, please?
Is this right (wrong)?
What does mean?
How do you say in English?
How do you spell it?
How do you pronounce it?
Where’s the stress?
What’s the opposite of fast?
What’s the past tense of eat?
What’s the difference between meet and know?

10 WHAT IS THIS?
APOLOGIZING / MAKING EXCUSES

Sorry I’m late.
I couldn’t come to class on Thursday. I was ill.
I couldn’t do the homework because…
I won’t be able to come next week because…
I have to leave early today because…
WORKING IN PAIRS / GROUPS

What do we have to do?
What did he / she say?
We haven’t finished (yet).
Whose turn is it?
It’s my (your) turn.
What do you think?
Do you agree?
I agree (don’t agree) (with you).
LEAVING
A: See you on (Wednesday)!
B: Yes, see you!
A: Have a good weekend!

B: The same to you. / You too.
“I love this watch!”

“What about that one over there?”
“Do you like these shoes?”
“Actually, I prefer those ones in the window.”
HIS NAME, HER NAME
UNIT 11
11 HIS NAME, HER NAME
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
Subject Possessive
Pronouns Adjectives Examples
I MY I like my sandwich.
YOU YOUR You like your salad.
HE HIS He likes his soup.
SHE HER She likes her fries.
IT ITS The cat likes its food.
WE OUR We like our desserts.
THEY THEIR They like their food.
VOCABULARY
Complete the words with a,e,i,o or u. Then
write them in the correct place in the form
below.
a. zipcode
b. f_rst n_ m_
c. _ g_
d. __m_ _l _ddr_ss
e. c_ty/ c_ _ ntry
f. ph_n_ n_mb_r
g. _ddr_ss
h. l_st n_m_
i. st_d_nt
LET’S PRACTICE
Write the correct possessive adjective on the lines.
You YOUR book We team
Mary HER book The boy test
You and Mary books The boy tests
Your wife car My daughter shoes
The man and I books She test
The machine cord Alan and Tom tests
My watch battery Alan and Mary tests
They mother Ted, Bob, and I tests
It tail

THE TORONTO SCHOOL
application form
1 Alessandra
2 Bellucci
3 Porto Alegre/ Brazil
4 No
5 30
6 Rua Minerva, 6
7 90110
8 bellucci@hotmail.com
9 555-3821
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
Subject Pronouns Possessive Adjectives

I play tennis This is my racket.
You are very good at singing What is your favorite song?
He is from Paris Marc is his name.
She drives her car to work. Her car is dark gray.
It is a snake. Its main color is brown.
We like our house a lot. Our house is big and has a pool.
They run every morning. Their day starts with a long run.
Rule 1.
Subject pronouns are I, you, he, she, it, we, they. Subject pronouns
usually occur before a verb.
Rule 2.
Possessive adjectives are my, your, his, her, its, our, their. Possessive
adjectives occur before a noun (my car) or an adjective + noun
(my new car).
Rule 3.
Possessive adjectives have no singular or plural. They are used with
both singular and plural nouns (my book, my books).

PRONUNCIATION
Can you say the alphabet? Listen and repeat
PRONUNCIATION
Look at the photos. In pairs, ask and answer the questions.

Famous Actors- but do you remember their names?
What’s his name? Where’s he from?
What’s her name? How old is he?
1. 2. 4. 6.
3.
5.

I have a car. My car is red.
You have a house. Your house is beautiful.
He is married. His wife’s name is Carol.
She is married. Her husband is a chef.
It is a small company. Its profits are small.
We have one child. Our family is small.
They have a pet dog. Their dog is a Doberman.
PUT IN PRACTICE
a. Change the possessive pronoun 1 to a possessive pronoun 2
and omit the noun.
EXAMPLE: She has my book. She has mine.
1. The car on the corner is my car.

_______________________________________________________
2. Was this your house?
_______________________________________________________
3. The invading soldiers searched their house.
_______________________________________________________
4. Did Dee find her briefcase?
_______________________________________________________
5. Our relatives have lived in Brazil for a long time.
_______________________________________________________
6. His boss is fair with everyone.
_______________________________________________________
7. These problems are entirely his problems.
_______________________________________________________
8. I need your advice.
_______________________________________________________
9. My landlord is going to raise the rent.
_______________________________________________________

b. Change the italicized word or phrase to the possessive pro-

noun counterpart of the subject of the sentence.
EXAMPLE: He likes the new car. He likes his new car.
1. The women want to visit some relatives in Europe.

_______________________________________________________
2. She takes the children for a long walk.
_______________________________________________________
3. Do you have the tools in the truck?
_______________________________________________________
4. I sent the address and telephone number to the office.
_______________________________________________________
5. We want this one.
_______________________________________________________
6. The picture fell out of tire frame.
_______________________________________________________
7. They spend a lot of time in Canada.
______________________________________________________
8. Are you selling these?
_______________________________________________________
9. I left some papers in the apartment.
_______________________________________________________
10. Jose found the wallet under the bed.
_______________________________________________________

IS THIS YOURS?
UNIT 12
12 IS THIS YOURS?
PUT IN PRACTICE
SUBJECT OBJECT POSSESSIVE 1 POSSESSIVE 2
I me my mine
You you your yours
He him his his
She her her hers
It it its its
We us our ours
They hem their theirs
Possessive pronouns are sometimes called possessive adjectives.

No matter what you call them, their use is clear and simple. Just
like reflexive pronouns, possessive pronouns have personal
pronoun counterparts.
*Possessive pronouns show that something belongs to

someone or something.
If the shoes belong to me, they are my shoes. They are mine.
If the car belongs to you, it is your car. It is yours.
If the books belong to her, they are her books. They are hers.
If the pencil belongs to him, it is his pencil. It is his.
If the leaf belongs to the plant, it is its leaf.
If the food belongs to us, it is our food. It is ours.
If the house belongs to them, it is their house. It is theirs.
PUT IN PRACTICE
a. Change the possessive pronoun 1 to a possessive pronoun 2 and
omit the noun.
EXAMPLE: She has my book. She has mine.
1. The car on the corner is my car.
___________________________________________________________.
2. Was this your house?
___________________________________________________________.
3. The invading soldiers searched their house.
___________________________________________________________.
4. Did Dee find her briefcase?
___________________________________________________________.
5. Our relatives have lived in Brazil for a long time.
___________________________________________________________.
6. His boss is fair with everyone.
___________________________________________________________.
7. These problems are entirely his problems.
___________________________________________________________.
8. I need your advice.
___________________________________________________________.
9. My landlord is going to raise the rent.
___________________________________________________________.
b. Change the italicized word or phrase to the possessive pronoun
counterpart of the subject of the sentence.
EXAMPLE: He likes the new car. He likes his new car.
1. The women want to visit some relatives in Europe.
___________________________________________________________.
2. She takes the children for a long walk.
___________________________________________________________.
3. Do you have the tools in the truck?
___________________________________________________________.
4. I sent the address and telephone number to the office.
___________________________________________________________.
5. We want this one.
___________________________________________________________.
6. They spend a lot of time in Canada.
___________________________________________________________.
7. Are you selling these?
___________________________________________________________.
8. I left some papers in the apartment.
___________________________________________________________.
9. Jose found the wallet under the bed.
___________________________________________________________.

12 IS THIS YOURS?
Do you like stories? Read this story about a tasty stone soup and answer the
questions that follow:
I have a red car. It is mine.
Here’s a list of possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns
my — mine
your — yours
Your house is small. My house is bigger than yours. (= bigger than your house)
His car is big. But my car is bigger than his. (= bigger than his car)
I like her car. I like hers.
This is our car. This is ours.
This isn’t our car. It’s theirs. (=their car)
Family Vocabulary
Talking about you
Here is some vocabulary to talk about your status.
I am married.
I have a husband / I have a wife.
For example:
Sarah (a woman) is married to David. (a man)
Sarah is the wife of David.
David is the husband of Sarah.
I am engaged. (I will get married soon)
I am single. (no husband / no wife)
I have a partner. (there is an important person in my life, but maybe we
aren’t married)
I have a girlfriend. (a girl / woman “important” friend, but we aren’t married)
I have a boyfriend. (a boy / man “important” friend, but we aren’t married)
I am divorced. (I was married, but not now)
I am separated. (I don’t live with my husband / wife, and perhaps we will get
divorced soon)

Talking about the people in your family
Here are some words to talk about your relatives.
mother
My mother’s name is Sandra. (mother‘s name = the name of my mother)
father
My father’s name is Robert.
sister
My sister’s name is Sarah.
brother
My brother’s name is David.
child / children
I have one child. / I have two children.
(child / children = boy or girl)
son
My son’s name is Richard.
daughter
My daughter’s name is Rebecca.
My father has a sister. His sister’s name is Maria.
My mother has a sister. Her sister’s name is Eve.
Maria is my aunt.
Eve is my aunt.
My father has a brother. His brother’s name is Henry.
My mother has a brother. Her brother’s name is William.
Henry is my uncle and William is my uncle.
The parents of my father and my mother are my grandparents.
The father of my father (and the father of my mother) is my grandfather.
The mother of my father (and the mother of my mother) is my grandmother.
My son is the grandson of my parents.
My daughter is the granddaughter of my parents.
The children of my aunt and the children of my uncle are my cousins.
The son of my brother (or my sister) is my nephew.
The daughter of my brother (or my sister) is my niece.

12 WHAT IS THIS?
FAMILY
MEMBERS

Reflexive Pronouns
What Is a Reflexive Pronoun?
A reflexive pronoun is a type of pronoun that is preceded by the adverb,
adjective, pronoun, or noun to which it refers, so long as that antecedent is
located within the same clause.
In English grammar, a reflexive pronoun indicates that the person who is
realizing the action of the verb is also the recipient of the action. While this
might seem strange at first glance, the following examples of reflexive
pronouns and the accompanying list of reflexive pronouns will help you
gain thorough understanding. In fact, you will probably notice that you
yourself use reflexive pronouns frequently when speaking or writing.
Examples of Reflexive Pronouns

In the following examples of reflexive pronouns, the reflexive pronoun in
each sentence is italicized.
1. I was in a hurry, so I washed the car myself.
2. You’re going to have to drive yourself to school today.
3. He wanted to impress her, so he baked a cake himself.
4. Jennifer does chores herself because she doesn’t trust others to do
them right.
5. That car is in a class all by itself.
6. We don’t have to go out; we can fix dinner ourselves.
7. You are too young to go out by yourselves.
8. The actors saved the local theatre money by making costumes
themselves.

12 WHAT IS THIS?
WH Questions – English Grammar Lessons

WH questions are very common in English. The lesson below shows
you how to use them correctly. You can find the exercises at the bottom
of the page.
Let’s get started with the lesson.
WH questions ask for information. Here are the six questions and their
answers:
Question Answer Example

What Thing What is your name?
When Time When is the party?
Who Person Who is your brother?
Where Place Where is the bank?
Why Reason Why do you like pizza?
How Directions How do you spell your name?
WH Questions Structure
WH questions in the simple present use “do” or “be”. Take a look at the
structure for each of these verbs.
Do
WH + DO/DOES + SUBJECT + VERB
Take a look at some examples:
Where do you work?
When does she wake up?
Who is your brother?
Be
WH + BE + SUBJECT
Take a look at some examples:
Where are you from?
Who is that man?
When is your class?

Open and Closed Questions
In English you will find two main types of questions: open and closed.
Closed questions have simpe answers with few options. Open ques-
tions have many options.
WH Questions are similar to YES/NO questions, but they have WH
words at the start. Let’s look at an example of a yes/no question:
Are you from Canada?

Now, take a look at similar question, but with a WH word:
Where are you from?
The first question had an answer of yes or no (Yes, I am from Canada).
The second question could have many different answers (Japan,
Brazil, Poland, etc.). This is the difference. One is open and the other is
closed.
Here are some example questions and answers:
Where are you from?
I am from India.
What is your name?
My name is Jacob.
When do you wake up?
I wake up at 7:30 am.
Why are you angry?
I am angry because I did not pass my exam.
With the explanation and

examples, you can begin using
who, what, where, when, why,
and how questions. You will
need them very often to
communicate in English.

READING
UNIT 13
13 READING
READING
A Read the paragraph. What is the writer’s advice for new tea-
chers? Discuss with a partner.
I am a teacher . I work from 8:00 a.m. to 1:30 p.m to 1:30 p.m.

I teach four English classes………
GRAMMAR: SIMPLE PRESENT WITH OTHER VERBS

Simple present: Affirmative Statements
Subject Verb
I work every day.
You
We
They
He works
She
It
1. Use the simple present to talk about habits or routines,

schedules, and facts
Habit or Routine: I exercise every day.
Schedule: She starts work at eight.
Fact: It rains a lot in April.

2. Add -s to the verb for he, she, it, and singular subjects.
He drives to work. She works in an
office.
The bank opens at 9:00 a.m
The Present Simple Tense in English

For example:
In England it often snows in winter. (a fact)
I live in London (true – I don’t change my house every day)
John eats cereal for breakfast (routine or habit)
How to form the Present Simple

Use the same verb ending as the infinitive form for I, you, we and they.
For he, she or it, add s or es or ies.
I play tennis
You play tennis
He / She plays tennis
We play tennis
They play tennis
Add es for verbs that end -ss, -sh, -ch, -tch:

13 READING
I kiss / He kisses
I wish / She wishes
I match / It matches
I march / She marches
I study / She studies (the y changes to ies
for verbs that end in ‘consonant + y’)
In the present simple of all verbs (except the verb to be and other modal
verbs) you need an auxiliary to form negatives and questions. The
auxiliary is do / does (for questions) and don’t / doesn’t for negatives.
a. Circle the correct form of the verb to complete each sentence.

1. Doctor Moffett love / loves his job.
2. He study / studies ants.
3. A salesperson sell / sells products for a company.
4. You and Anita work / works on weekends.
5. Nurses help / helps people.
6. We write / writes science books.
7. Our office close / closes at 7:00 p.m.
8. She take / takes classes at the business school.
9. You walk / walks to work every day.
10. I start / starts work at 8:00 a.m. every morning.

b. Complete each sentence with the correct form of the verb in
parentheses.
1. A zookeeper feeds ______(feed) animals.
2. Photographers _________(take) photos.
3. A chef ________________(cook) food.
4. A firefighter ___________(fight) fires.
5. Musicians_____________ (play) instruments.
6. A farmer ______________(work) on a farm.
7. A dancer ______________(dance).
SIMPLE PRESENT SPELLING RULES: -S AND -ES ENDINGS
1. Add -s to most verbs. close–closes take–takes feed–feeds

love–loves exercise–exercises put–puts
stop–stops play–plays work–works
dance–dances write–writes open–opens
2. Add -es to verbs ending wash–washes buzz–buzzes relax–relaxes

in -sh, -ch, -s, -x, and -z. dress–dresses teach–teaches
3. Change -y to -i and add carry–carries copy–copies study–studies

-es to verbs ending in a
consonant + y.

13 READING
READING
a. Read the paragraph. Find and correct five more errors with
the simple present.
Bill is a mechanic. He knows a lot about cars. He work at a garage. He fix cars and
talks to customers. They asks questions about their cars. Biill works from 8:00am to
6:00pm every day. He haves a busy schedule, but he like his job very much
Subject Don’t/Don’t Base Form of Verb

I
You do not
work.
We don’t
They
Subject Does Not/ Doesn’t Base Form of Verb

He
She does not
work.
It doesn’t
My sister
b. Read the e-mail about Rosa’s new job. Guess her job. Then discuss
your idea with a partner

c. Circle doesn’t or don’t to complete each sentence.
1. An astronaut on the International Space Station doesn’t / don’t have

a lot of free time.
2. Astronauts doesn’t / don’t work all day on Saturday.
3. An astronaut doesn’t / don’t have the same schedule every day.
4. We doesn’t / don’t work on weekends.
5. I doesn’t / don’t work in an office.
6. My office doesn’t / don’t have a window.
7. She doesn’t / don’t travel for her job.
8. You doesn’t / don’t have a busy schedule.
d. Change each affirmative statement to a negative statement.
1. My brother has a job.

My brother doesn’t have a job .
2. I drive to work.
________________________________.
3. Pilots fix planes.
________________________________.
4. Our teacher does homework.
________________________________.
5. I go to the gym in the morning.
________________________________.
6. We have class on Sunday.
________________________________.
7. You teach biology
________________________________.

13 READING
SPEAK AND WRITE
A. Work with a partner. What do these signs mean? Match each

imperative with the correct sign below.
Stop e. Do not eat or drink.
Do not use your cell phone. f. Do not enter.
Be careful. g. Drive slowly.
Do not feed the animals. h. Be quiet.
a
1. ______ 2. ______ 3. ______ 4. ______
5. ______ 6. ______ 7. ______ 8. ______
SIMPLE PRESENT: INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE
Do Subject Verb Does Subject Verb
I
You
Do We work? Does works work?
They
work

READING
a. READ and notice the words in bold.
LIFE ON
THE SPACE STATION
Astronauts on the International Space Station have a busy schedule. Every day
they wake up at 7:00 GMT*. From 7:00 to 8:00, they wash up and eat breakfast.
At 8:00 in the morning, they call Ground Control* in their countries. After they
talk to Ground Control, their workday begins. The astronauts don't do the
same thing every day. They schedules change every week.
The astronauts don't work all the time. Each day they exercse for an hour in
the morning and an hour in the afternoon. After dinner, they have free time.
Then, it's time to go to sleep. Sometimes this isn't easy because the sun rises
and sets 16 times each day on the space station.
The astronauts work doesn't end on Friday. They work a half day on Saturday
and all day on Sunday. Astronauts are very busy people.
*GMT: Greenwich mean time

*Ground Control: People on Earth who work with astronauts in space

13 READING
b. Match each of the astronauts’ activities with the correct time.

1. They wash up and have breakfast. ____d a. at 8:00 in the morning.
2. They talk to Ground Control. _____ b. after dinner.
3. They exercise. _____ c. on Saturday.
4. They have some free time. _____ d. from 7:00 to 8:00 in the morning
5. They need to work a half day. ______ e. for an hour in the morning and an
hour in the afternoon
TELLING THE TIME
12:00 m It's midday / It's noon 24:00 It's midnight

5:00 am It's five o'clock am. It's five o'clock in the morning
4:00 pm It's four o'clock pm. It's four o'clock in the afternoon
7:00 pm It's seven o'clock pm. It's seven o clock in the evening
10:00 pm It's ten o'clock pm. It's ten o clock at night

YOU ARE SMART!
UNIT 14
14 YOU ARE SMART!
GRAMMAR: adjectives
Adjectives go before a noun. NOT It’s a house big.
Adjectives don’t change before a plural noun. NOT They’re prettys flowers.
VOCABULARY
a. In pairs, make eight phrases (adjectives+ noun) for things in the
picture. e.g., a full moon.

b. Write a word to describe the emotion of each person.
c. Match the question to the correct answer
1. Who’s your English teacher? a. U2. Their music is fantastic.

2. Who are your best friends? b. I’m Matt.
3. Who’s your favorite band? c. I am.
4. Who are you? d. Mark and Laura.
5. Who are Ken and Liz? e. It’s Mrs. Simmons. She’s very nice.
6. Who’s hungry? f. Ken and Liz? They’re kids in my class.

14 YOU ARE SMART!
PUT IN PRACTICE
Use the adjectives in the box to compare the buildings in the pictures below
Modern beautiful traditional new plain

impressive colorful High old low
The cottage is less modern than the skyscrapers.
1. ______________________________________________
______________________________________________.
2. ______________________________________________
______________________________________________.
3. ______________________________________________
______________________________________________.
4. ______________________________________________
______________________________________________.
5. ______________________________________________
______________________________________________.
6. ______________________________________________
______________________________________________.

Look at the pictures and complete the sentences
SPEAKING: Who are they?
He is a famous singer. He’s very tall

and good-looking. He has short,
dark hair. He is Spanish, but he lives
in the USA. He sings in Spanish and
in English.
She’s a beautiful actress. She’s very

tall and thin. She has red hair, but
sometimes it’s blond. She lives in
Australia. She has two adopted
children.

14 YOU ARE SMART!
READING
Read Tim’s diary and decide if the sentences below are T (True) or
F (False).
1. On Monday Tim is happy. T/F

2. On Tuesday he is angry and nervous. T/F
3. On Wednesday he is nervous. There’s a test on Thursday! T/F
4. On Thursday he is not OK. T/F
5. On Friday he is angry. T/F
6. On Saturday and Sunday he is very happy. T/F

I ALWAYS...
UNIT 15
15 I ALWAYS.....
I
ALWAYS...
READING
Placement of Adverbs of Frequency in a Sentence
After be: Before other verbs:

be + frequency frequency + VERB
I am always hungry when I first I always use pencil in math class.
wake up. He usually goes to school by bike.
Mohamed is usually late to class. My teacher often arrives early.
You are often the first to arrive at We sometimes play tennis at night.
work. Carlos rarely misses school.
I am sometimes shy around new They seldom fail a test.
people. I never eat a big breakfast.
Carlos is rarely absent from school.
Zeke and Ana are seldom on time.
We are never at school after 5 PM.

a. Ask questions using WH-words like WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, HOW, etc.
1. She lives near Wimbledon.

________________________________________________________?
2. They play golf twice a week.
________________________________________________________?
3. They get up at 7:15 every morning.
________________________________________________________?
4. The students need more practice.
________________________________________________________?
5. John goes to Pucón in the summer.
________________________________________________________?
6. Mary comes to work by bus.
________________________________________________________?
7. We go to the club on Friday.
________________________________________________________?
8. They go to the park on Sunday.
________________________________________________________?
9. Mary goes shopping on Saturday.
________________________________________________________?

15 I ALWAYS.....
VOCABULARY

PUT IN PRACTICE
a. Read each situation, and then answer the question.
b. Answer the question about the information in the chart. Follow

the examples.
Go Running? Watch TV? Eat Vegetable?

Yes/ every day Yes/ almost every day Yes/ all of the time
Yes/ rarely Yes/ on Sundays Yes/ one meal a day
No/ never Yes/ only at night No/never

15 I ALWAYS.....
SPEAKING
a. Read the phone call between Monique and her friend Tanya.
Complete the dialogue using the verbs in the box in their correct form.
Then listen and chec
study speak help do think clean
Monique: Hi! Is Tanya there?

Tanya: Yes. This is Tanya speaking.
Monique: Oh, hi! How are you?
Tanya: I’m OK. I’m a little busy right now.
Monique: Busy? What are you _____________?
Tanya: Well, I’m____________ my brother with his
math homework, but I’m also _______ my room …
Monique: What else?
Tanya: I’m ___________ about what I can get Jim
for his birthday.
Monique: You know what, Tanya? Let’s meet at the
mall in half an hour and go shopping together.
We can look for a present for Jim.
Tanya: Sorry, Monique, I can’t.
Monique: No? Why not?
Tanya: I’m also ___________ for my English test.
It’s tomorrow!
Monique: Oh, no!

b. Look at the dialogue with a partner. Think of some changes to make
to the dialogue (names, for example), so that it becomes your dialogue.
Act out the new dialogue in pairs. (Don’t just read it aloud!)
Negative form of the Present Simple
To form the negative, use the auxiliary don’t (for I, you, we, they) and doesn’t
(for he, she, it).
Then follow the auxiliary with the infinitive form of the verb.
For example:
I don’t live here

You don’t live here
She doesn’t live here
We don’t live here
They don’t live here
In all the above, live is the infinitive form.

Questions
To form the question, use do / does as the auxiliary. Use do for I, you, we,
they; and does for he, she, it.

15 I ALWAYS.....
Here is the word order for questions in the present simple:
Question word (optional) – auxiliary – subject – verb
Where do you live?

What does he do?
What does this computer program do?
Why do they argue all the time?
Do you like tennis? (There is no question word “why”, “what”, “where”
in this question, so the question starts with the auxiliary “do”.)
The verb that comes after the subject is the infinitive form.
Short answers
You can answer a “do you” type question with a short answer.
Use the auxiliary do / don’t; or does / doesn’t in your reply
– NOT the infinitive.
Do I sign here? Yes, you do / No you don’t.

Do you work here? Yes I do / No I don’t.
Does she speak Spanish? Yes she does / No she doesn’t.
Do we take this train? Yes, we do / No we don’t.
Do they do their homework? Yes they do / No they don’t.
Common errors
Be careful to avoid these common errors.
Affirmative
He live in London. (Correct: He lives in London.)
He does live in London. (Correct: He lives in London)
Question
He does live in London? (Correct: Does he live in London?)
Does live he in London? (Correct: Does he live in London?)
Negative
He don’t live in London. (Correct: He doesn’t live in London.)
He doesn’t lives in London. (Correct: He doesn’t live in London.)

Daily Activities (Common Verbs)

15 I ALWAYS.....
LET’S SPEAK
I Live in Pasadena
A. Where do you live?
B. I live in Pasadena.
A. Where is Pasadena?
B. It's in California.
A. Is it in northern California?
B. No. It's in southern California.
A. Is Pasadena a big city?
B. It's pretty big.
A. How big is "pretty big"?
B. It has about 140,000 people.
A. How big is Los Angeles?
B. It has about 3 million people.
Do You Have a Girlfriend?

A. Do you have a girlfriend?
B. No, I don't. Do you?
A. I don't have a girlfriend, either.
B. Why not?
A. I don't know. Maybe I'm not rich enough.
B. Girls like guys with money.
A. They sure do.
B. They like guys with new cars.
A. I don't have money or a new car.
B. Me, neither.
A. But girls like guys who are funny.
B. Maybe we should learn some good jokes.
Borrowing Money
A. Can I borrow $5?
B. Sure. Why do you need it?
A. I want to buy lunch.
B. Where's your money?
A. It's not in my wallet.
B. Your wallet is empty?
A. I don't have even one dollar in it.
B. Being broke is no fun.
A. Even if it's only for a short while.
B. It's always good to have friends.
A. Friends will lend you money when
you're broke.
B. As long as you pay them back.

A Nice Place to Live
A. I like living here.
B. I agree. Pasadena is a nice city.
A. It's not too big.
B. And it's not too small.
A. It has great weather all year long.
B. It has the Rose Parade.
A. It has beautiful houses.
B. It has wonderful restaurants.
A. It has great schools.
B. It's close to the mountains.
A. The people are friendly.
B. I'm not ever going to leave.
My Laptop Is So Slow
A. My laptop is so slow.
B. Buy a new one.
A. I would if I had the money.
B. Why is it so slow?
A. That's a good question.
B. Did you take it to a computer shop?
A. I would if I had the money.
B. Well, I guess you have to live with it.
A. Sometimes I want to throw it out
the window.
B. You don't want to do that.
A. Why not?
B. You might hit someone in the head.
How about a Pizza?

A. What's for dinner?
B. I'm not sure.
A. How about a pizza?
B. You had pizza for lunch.
A. But I love pizza.
B. Everybody loves pizza.
A. So why can't I have pizza for dinner?
B. Because you need variety.
A. What's "variety?
B. Different things—not the same thing
all the time.
A. You mean, like a pepperoni pizza
instead of a cheese pizza?
B. No, I mean a salad instead of a pizza.

15 I ALWAYS.....
At the hotel:
A. I have a reservation. My name is John Sandals.
B. May I see your ID, please, Mr. Sandals?
A. Certainly. Here it is.
B. Thank you. Do you have a credit card, Mr. Sandals?
A. Yes, I do. Do you accept American Express?
B. Sorry, sir, just VISA or MasterCard.
A. Here's my VISA card.
B. Okay. You're in room 507. It's a single queen-size
bed, spacious, and nonsmoking. Is that suitable?
A. Yes, it sounds like everything I expected.
B. Here's your key, sir. If you need anything, just dial
on your room phone.
A. I have a reservation under the name of Sandals.

B. Could I see your ID, please, sir?
A. Of course! Let me take it out of my wallet.
B. Thank you, sir. Now, do you have a credit card, sir?
A. Yes, of course. Is American Express okay?
B. I'm sorry, sir. Only VISA or MasterCard.
A. In that case, here's my VISA.
B. Thank you. Your room number is 507, queen bed,
nonsmoking. Is that agreeable to you, sir?
A. Yes, I'm easy to please.
B. Very good. Here is your room key, sir. If you need
anything at all, please dial 0.
A. Excuse me. Does this hotel have a fitness facility?

B. Yes, we try to accommodate all needs of our patrons, including fitness.
A. Where is your fitness facility located?
B. The gym is just below the lobby. Take the elevator or the stairs. You can't miss it.
A. Is there an additional surcharge for the gym?
B. No, the gym is free to guests. Take your room key, however, so you can get in.
A. What time is the gym open, and what time does it close?
B. The gym is open seven days a week, twenty-four hours a day.
A. Do you offer trainer services along with the gym?
B. Unfortunately, no. If you want a trainer, you'll have to use another gym.

PRESENT SIMPLE VS. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
UNIT 15
15 PRESENT SIMPLE VS. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Differences between the Present

Continuous and the Present Simple
Remember: in English grammar we use the simple aspect (ie the
Present Simple or Past Simple) for situations that are always true,
and for routines or permanent situations. We use the continuous
aspect (ie the Present Continuous or Past Continuous) for situations
that are temporary, or changing
I live in France. (Present Simple: it is my permanent home)

I’m staying in a small hotel during the conference. (Present Continuous:
it is a temporary place to stay for a limited period of time)
People live a long time in Japan. (Present Simple: a true situation / fact.)
People are living longer. ((Present Continuous: a trend that is happening
now.)
When you see words and phrases such as at the moment, this week; use
the present continuous. When you see words and phrases such as always,
never, from time to time; use the present simple tense.
“We’re working on a difficult project at the

moment.”
“He’s doing some health and safety training this
week.”
“He always eats fish and chips on Fridays.”
“They never watch TV after dinner.”
“She goes to London on business trips from time
to time.”
Grammar in context
A Who are the most popular celebrities in the news? Why are they
famous? How do people follow the news about them?

Celebrity obsession is normal!
Everywhere we look these days, we see images of celebrities. Celebrity
magazines, which outnumber news magazines, are on every newsstand.
We love to read about the people that celebrities date, the clothes they
wear, and especially their problems, which the media will often invent.
Then there’s reality TV. Millions of viewers avidly follow reality and talent
shows, which make ordinary people into instant celebrities. There are
even shows that pay for plastic surgery, so people can look like their
favorite celebrity. So, why are we so obsessed? Well, there’s a simple
scientific reason for it, which might make you feel better about your own
interest in celebrity gossip. Psychologists say it’s natural for us to talk
about or imitate the people who are the most successful in our society. In
ancient times, people gossiped about kings and leaders, who were the
celebrities of their day. Nowadays, it’s actors, musicians, or athletes. And
with TV and the Internet, they come right into our homes, which almost
makes them part of the family. So our obsession with celebrity is perfectly
normal, which is reassuring – don’t you think?
Pair work Answer the questions about the podcast. Then give your own
view and add more information on each answer.
1. Which are more popular – celebrity magazines or news magazines?

2. Why can’t we always believe celebrity gossip?
3. What do some people do to look like their favorite celebrities?
4. Why are celebrities so familiar to us?

15 PRESENT SIMPLE VS. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
The impact of TV
The problem with TV Young people tune into TV for over four and a half
hours every single day. That’s an increase in TV viewing of 40 minutes a
day compared to a few years ago. But it’s not surprising that we’re
watching more TV. With all the latest technology, TV is now viewed online,
on mobile devices such as phones and tablets, or on digital video
recorders (DVRs). What’s clear is that TV is central to our lives. But what
kind of impact does it have on us?
1. Language development ere is 3. Literacy One problem with TV
a lot of research on TV and its e is that it reduces the time that
ects on children. What is most students spend reading. Re-
disturbing is that TV may have a search shows that there is a
negative e ect on children’s lan- direct link between reading and
guage development. While the good test scores, and it’s possi-
results of studies vary, the opi- ble that TV viewing is one cause
nion of most experts is that chil- of poor test results.
dren under two should not 4. Social skills ere is also some
watch TV. concern about TV and its influen-
2. Obesity An average teenager ce on behavior. In one survey,
sees 6,000 food commercials a teachers complained that some
year, and most are advertise- shows encourage their students
ments for fast foods, candy, and to behave badly. Other reports
sugary cereals. It is also likely suggest that there is a relations-
that increased TV-viewing time hip between watching too much
contributes to inactivity. Experts TV and bullying.
claim that these are two of the
main reasons for the rise in obe-
sity among young people.

I assume...
I guess...
I believe...
I would say...
In my opinion...
I feel...
To me...
I consider....
If you ask me...
In/ from my point of view...
As far as I can tell....
In/ to my mind...
It's my view...
As far as I am concerned...
It's my belief...
The way I see it.....
It seems to me...
I honestly/ strongly believe...
The way/ As I see it...

REGULAR
VERB
INFINITIVE PAST PARTICIPLE SIGNIFICADO
Accept Accepted Accepted Aceptar
Act Acted Acted Actuar
Achieve Achieved Achieved Lograr, Alcanzar
Admire Admired Admired Admirar
Advise Advised Advised Aconsejar
Affect Affected Affected Afectar
Agree Agreed Agreed Acordar
Amaze Amazed Amazed Asombrar
Amuse Amused Amused Divertir
Answer Answered Answered Responder
Appear Appeared Appeared Aparecer

INFINITIVE PAST PARTICIPLE SIGNIFICADO
Arrange Arranged Arranged Arreglar, Disponer
Arrive Arrived Arrived Llegar
Ask Asked Asked Preguntar
Attack Attacked Attacked Atacar
Bake Baked Baked Hornear
Behave Behaved Behaved Comportarse
Believe Believed Believed Creer
Belong Belonged Belonged Pertenecer
Blame Blamed Blamed Culpar
Borrow Borrowed Borrowed Pedir prestado
Bother Bothered Bothered Molestar
Call Called Called Llamar
Cancel Canceled Canceled Cancelar, Suprimir
Carry Carried Carried Llevar
Cause Caused Caused Causar
Celebrate Celebrated Celebrated Celebrar
Clean Cleaned Cleaned Limpiar
Clear Cleared Cleared Aclarar
Climb Climbed Climbed Trepar

Close Closed Closed Cerrar
Compare Compared Compared Comparar
Compete Competed Competed Competir
Complete Completed Completed Completar
Contain Contained Contained Contener
Continue Continued Continued Continuar
Cook Cooked Cooked Cocinar
Correct Corrected Corrected Corregir
Cough Coughed Coughed Toser
Count Counted Counted Contar
Crash Crashed Crashed Chocar
Create Created Created Crear
Cross Crossed Crossed Cruzar
Curse Cursed Cursed Maldecir
Change Changed Changed Cambiar
Chase Chased Chased Perseguir
Chat Chatted Chatted Charlar
Check Checked Checked Verificar
Damage Damaged Damaged Dañar
Dance Danced Danced Bailar

Date Dated Dated Salir con, Pololear
Decide Decided Decided Decidir
Deliver Delivered Delivered Entregar
Depend Depended Depended Depender
Describe Described Described Describir
Design Designed Designed Diseñar
Destroy Destroyed Destroyed Destruir
Dicrease Dicreased Dicreased Disminuir
Die Died Died Morir
Disagree Disagreed Disagreed Estar en desacuerdo
Discover Discovered Discovered Descubrir
Discuss Discussed Discussed Discutir
Disturb Disturbed Disturbed Molestar
Dress Dressed Dressed Vestir
Dry Dried Dried Secar
Eliminate Eliminated Eliminated Eliminar
End Ended Ended Terminar
Enjoy Enjoyed Enjoyed Disfrutar
Entertain Entertained Entertained Entretener

Excuse Excused Excused Excusar
Exercise Exercised Exercised Ejercitar
Exhibit Exhibited Exhibited Exhibir
Expect Expected Expected Esperar
Express Expressed Expressed Expresar
Film Filmed Filmed Filmar
Fill Filled Filled Llenar
Fish Fished Fished Pescar
Fix Fixed Fixed Arreglar, Fijar
Follow Followed Followed Seguir
Freeze Freezed Freezed Congelar
Fry Fried Fried Freir
Greet Greeted Greeted Saludar
Guess Guessed Guessed Adivinar, Suponer
Hail Hailed Hailed Granizar
Handle Handled Handled Manejar
Happen Happened Happened Suceder
Hate Hated Hated Odiar, Cargarle a uno

Help Helped Helped Ayudar
Hope Hoped Hoped Esperar
Hunt Hunted Hunted Cazar
Identify Identified Identified Identificar
Ignore Ignored Ignored Ignorar
Imagine Imagined Imagined Imaginar
Impress Impressed Impressed Impresionar
Improve Improved Improved Mejorar
Include Included Included Incluir
Increase Increased Increased Aumentar
Interview Interviewed Interviewed Entrevistar
Introduce Introduced Introduced Introducir, Presentar
Invite Invited Invited Invitar
Jog Jogged Jogged Trotar
Join Joined Joined Juntar, Unir, Acompañar
Jump Jumped Jumped Saltar
Knock Knocked Knocked Golpear
Label Labeled Labeled Rotular, Etiquetar

Land Landed Landed Aterrizar
Last Lasted Lasted Durar
Learn Learned Learned Aprender
Like Liked Liked Gustarle a uno
Link Linked Linked Unir, Vincular
List Listed Listed Listar
Listen Listened Listened Escuchar
Live Lived Lived Vivir
Locate Located Located Ubicar
Look Looked Looked Mirar, Parecer
Love Loved Loved Amar, Encantarle a uno
Manage Managed Managed Manejar, Dirigir
Mark Marked Marked Marcar
Match Matched Matched Unir, Aparejar
Measure Measured Measured Medir
Mention Mentioned Mentioned Mencionar
Miss Missed Missed Perderse, Echar de

menos, Perder

Move Moved Moved Mover, Trasladar,
Name Named Named Nombrar
Need Needed Needed Necesitar
Note Noted Noted Notar
Notice Noticed Noticed Notar, Fijarse
Number Numbered Numbered Numerar
Offer Offered Offered Ofrecer
Open Opened Opened Abrir
Order Ordered Ordered Ordenar
Organize Organized Organized Organizar
Pack Packed Packed Empacar
Paint Painted Painted Pintar
Pamper Pampered Pampered Regalonear
Pardon Pardoned Pardoned Perdonar
Park Parked Parked Estacionar
Participate Participated Participated Participar
Pass Passed Passed Pasar, Aprobar

Perform Performed Performed Realizar, Ejecutar
Persuade Persuaded Persuaded Persuadir
Pick Picked Picked Recoger
Plan Planned Planned Planear
Play Played Played Jugar, Tocar,
Please Pleased Pleased Complacer
Practice Practiced Practiced Practicar
Predict Predicted Predicted Predecir
Prefer Preferred Preferred Preferir
Present Presented Presented Presentar
Program Programmed Programmed Programar
Protect Protected Protected Proteger
Provide Provided Provided Proporcionar
Purchase Purchased Purchased Comprar
Push Pushed Pushed Empujar
Rain Rain Rain Llover
Receive Received Received Recibir
Recommend Recommended Recommended Recomendar
Relate Related Related Relacionar

Relax Relaxed Relaxed Descansar
Release Released Released Soltar, Producir
Remember Remembered Remembered Recordar
Repair Repaired Repaired Reparar
Repeat Repeated Repeated Repetir
Resist Resisted Resisted Resistir
Rest Rested Rested Descansar
Return Returned Returned Volver
Review Reviewed Reviewed Revisar
Sail Sailed Sailed Navegar
Save Saved Saved Ahorrar, Salvar
Scan Scanned Scanned Examinar
Scare Scared Scared Asustar
Share Shared Shared Compartir
Shop Shopped Shopped Comprar
Shout Shouted Shouted Gritar
Skate Skated Skated Patinar
Ski Skied Skied Esquiar

Slow Slowed Slowed Disminuir
Sneeze Sneezed Sneezed Estornudar
Snow Snowed Snowed Nevar
Solve Solved Solved Resolver
Spell Spelled Spelled Deletrear
Start Started Started Empezar
Step Stepped Stepped Pisar
Stop Stopped Stopped Detener
Stress Stressed Stressed Acentuar
Study Studied Studied Estudiar
Substitute Substituted Substituted Sustituir
Suggest Suggested Suggested Sugerir
Surprise Surprised Surprised Sorprender
Talk Talked Talked Hablar
Taste Tasted Tasted Probar
Terrorize Terrorized Terrorized Aterrorizar
Thank Thanked Thanked Agradecer
Touch Touched Touched Tocar
Travel Traveled Traveled Viajar
Try Tried Tried Tratar

Tune Tuned Tuned Sintonizar
Turn Turned Turned Girar
Underline Underlined Underlined Subrayar
Use Used Used Usar
Vary Varied Varied Variar
Wait Waited Waited Esperar
Walk Walked Walked Caminar
Want Wanted Wanted Desear
Warn Warned Warned Advertir
Wash Washed Washed Lavar
Watch Watched Watched Ver, Vigilar
Water Watered Watered Regar
Welcome Welcomed Welcomed Recibir
Wish Wished Wished Desear
Witness Witnessed Witnessed Ser testigo
Work Worked Worked Trabajar, funcionar
Worry Worried Worried Preocuparse
Wrestle Wrestled Wrestled Luchar

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ENGLISH CLASS

NICE TO MEET YOU

Anni: Are you a new student here?

4 APRIL PERÚ. Your World in English

Complete the dialogues

1. A. Hi Karen, _______ is James

2. A. Hi, I’m Marco. ______ ‘s your_______?

3. A. Hi, Kenji. _______ are you?

4. A. __________ evening. What’s your name?

I’m Nice to meet you thanks This is Hi Vicky

APRIL PERÚ. Your World in English 5

Complete the dialogue.

GREETINGS AND FAREWELLS

A: Hi Suzie. How are you?

In formal situations, you can also say “Good morning”,

“Good morning” = for the morning up to lunch.

Leaving the room

BREAK THE ICE : Introduce Yourself

The other person says:

“Pleased to meet you.” or “Nice to meet you.” or

8 APRIL PERÚ. Your World in English

Tom: Are you a new student here?

Introducing other people

Deborah: “This is Sally. She’s my cousin.”

Learning how to introduce yourself is an essential part of learning

10 APRIL PERÚ. Your World in English

Complete the dialogues

2. A: Hi, I’m Marco. ______ ‘s your_______?

3. A: Hi, Kenji. _______ are you?

4. A: __________ evening. What’s your name?

Introducing Other People

Ken: Peter, I'd like you to meet Mary.

APRIL PERÚ. Your World in English 11

Introductions in Informal Situations

Ken: Peter, this is Mary.

COMMON INTRODUCTORY PHRASES

Saying Hello and Goodbye

A simple greeting followed by asking about the other person is

Jane: Hello, Peter. How are you?

12 APRIL PERÚ. Your World in English

Hello... How are you?

GREETING AND INTRODUCTIONS, TALKING

What will I learn from the English

Meeting new people

APRIL PERÚ. Your World in English 13

Chatting with Strangers

Who’s that standing over there near the door?

What is the conversation about?

How conversations start

What can I say when I don’t understand

What will I learn from the English lesson

What is the conversation about occupation

APRIL PERÚ. Your World in English 15

Mr. Jones: What do you do for a living?

16 APRIL PERÚ. Your World in English

Instructions can be used at

19 APRIL PERÚ. Your World in English 5

APRIL PERÚ. Your World in English 20

21 APRIL PERÚ. Your World in English

APRIL PERÚ. Your World in English 22

Giving feedback to students

23 APRIL PERÚ. Your World in English

APRIL PERÚ. Your World in English 24

2. A. Hi, I’m Marco. ‘s your_?

2. A: Hi, I’m Marco. ‘s your_?

My name (_) Mario, and (_) a doctor.