Forensic Radiography - Presentation Transcript

1. ForensicRadiography
Done by:
Alaa Al-Angary
Noura Al-Anazi
Shatha Al-Mushayt
Presented by:
Shatha Al-Mushayt
• History
• Definition
• Modalities
• Using Medical Imaging in Forensic Science
• Projections
• Radiographer Role
Outline
2. Forensic Radiology History
Using x-ray to produce images was discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen in 1895.
Only weeks later, the forensic use of x-ray was tested.
Helped in convicting an American murderer.
Weeks later, the technique was first used in UK.
http://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/emfpu/imaging/brief-history
3. Definition ofForensic Radiology
It is a specialized area of medical imaging using radiological techniques to assist physicians
and pathologists in matters related to the law.
Radiographs must
be taken before dissection.
Earliest photograph of roentgenography of a cadaver found by the author.
http://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/emfpu/imaging/brief-history
4. Modalities
General X-ray
Fluoroscopy
NM
CT
MRI
Dental Identification
Angiography and venography
US
5. General X-ray:
Shard of glass (arrows) from
a broken beer bottle remain in the
lung of this stabbing victim.
Fluoroscopy:
Post-operative chest x-ray and
intra-bronchial contrast material
with initial tracheal stent in place.
http://www.sahha.gov.mt/pages.aspx?page=559
6.
NM:
This is a nuclear scan for died person that dead in isotope
environment. It is show some of the isotope is taken up by
 the kidneys and excreted into the bladder which should
have been emptied before the scan was done.
CT:
Recently, more popular
Why?
•  Time , c ost
• Improved scan quality
• Some says that CT will replace other modalities in forensic radiology.
http://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/emfpu/imaging/brief-history
7. CT image (a) 2 separated fractures in the frontal and temporal bone,(b) corresponding
contusions
Digital superimposition of a hummer with the depressed skull fracture .
(PDF)The use of clinical CCT images in the forensic examination of closed head
Injuries (M.Bauer ,S. polzin, D.patzelt)

(PDF)The use of clinical CCT images in the forensic examination of closed head
Injuries (M.Bauer ,S. polzin, D.patzelt)
8. MRI:
• Used also in FR but has a limited role to play. Why?
• The strong magnetic currents required,
• costs
Dental Radiography:
for identification and ageing purposes
93% rate for identification of subjects from dental radiographs.
PDF)The use of clinical CCT images in the forensic examination of closed head
Injuries (M.Bauer ,S. polzin, D.patzelt)
9. MRI:
• Used also in FR but has a limited role to play. Why?
• The strong magnetic currents required,
• costs
Dental Radiography:
A darkening in the crown (arrow);
Tooth 32 occlusal destruction of crown.
Dental Radiography:
for identification and ageing purposes
93% rate for identification of subjects from dental radiographs.
PDF)The use of clinical CCT images in the forensic examination of closed head
Injuries (M.Bauer ,S. polzin, D.patzelt)
10.Angiography and venography:
For determining blood flow although it is
not common.
Cerebral angiogram demonstrates small, acute stroke
(arrowhead) in internal capsule – thalamic junction.
• Used to detect intracranial and intraventricular bleeding.
• It is possible that this may also be used post-mortem.
Bilateral intraventricularhaemorrhage: enlarged lateral ventricles
with oval contours. Macrogranular choroid vascular plexuses show a large textured
cohesion. Visible enlarged thirdventricle with a diameter of 7-8 mm.
THE USE OF RADIOGRAPHY IN FORENSIC MEDICINE (Nigel Hughes and Mary
Baker )
http://www.czytelniamedyczna.pl/new_medicine-92
11.Using Of Forensic Radiology
Widely used in:
Identification
Establishing cause of death
five bullets, overlying in the skull
Forensic Radiology by B. G. Brogdon, M.D.
12.A. Identification
To bring evidence to help confirm, determine, or eliminate the identity of both living and
dead persons.
Age
Gender
Race
The comparison of ante & post mortem radiographs is one of the most accurate means of
identification.
Forensic Radiology by B. G. Brogdon, M.D.
13.A. Identification
Age
Child: by the appearance of centers of ossification for hand and wrist.
Young adult: by the state of fusion of epiphyses.
Race
Images basically for skull.
Skeletal racial Groups:
Negroid – elongated cranium
Mongoloid – rounded cranium
Caucasoid- Head is curved at the top, not
completely flat, The chin is prominent.
Forensic Radiology by B. G. Brogdon, M.D.
14.A. Identification
• Gender
Usually the 1st step in ID process.
The sexual characteristics recognizable by radiography begin to appear after puberty.
RT takes Images for the skull, long bones and pelvis.
SKULL
F, more vertical forehead
M, less rounded forehead
15.A. Identification
• Gender
Usually the 1st step in ID process.
The sexual characteristics recognizable by radiography begin to appear after puberty.
RT takes Images for the skull, long bones and pelvis.
SKULL
F, more vertical forehead
M, less rounded forehead
PELVIS
F, larger & more round
M, more oval
16.A. Identification
• Gender
Usually the 1st step in ID process.
The sexual characteristics recognizable by radiography begin to appear after puberty.
RT takes Images for the skull, long bones and pelvis.
LONG BONES
 F, shorter & thinner
M, longer & thicker
17.A. Identification
• Gender
Usually the 1st step in ID process.
The sexual characteristics recognizable by radiography begin to appear after puberty.
RT takes Images for the skull, long bones and pelvis.
A: male pelvis. B: female pelvis
18.A. Identification
• Gender
Usually the 1st step in ID process.
The sexual characteristics recognizable by radiography begin to appear after puberty.
RT takes Images for the skull, long bones and pelvis.
A: male pelvis. B: female pelvis
19.B. Cause of death
Foreign bodies location
Demonstration of tracks
Demonstration of injuries or disease
Child abuse
20.Foreign bodies
packages of illegal substances
objects such as bullets, fragments of glass, explosives or pieces of broken needles in drug
addicts in the soft tissues.
The location of swallowed objects can assist in correlating time of death with possible cause
of injury.
foreign body (button battery) in the
proximal esophagus
http://www.rad-club.com/vb/showthread.php?t=26
21.Cont. Foreign bodies
Demonstration of tracks
Tracks made by gun-shot wounds, stab wounds and bullet wounds
Their depth & proximity to vital organs can be demonstrated by CM
Supine chest radiograph showing bullet (arrow) from acute gunshot wound.
Forensic Radiology by B. G. Brogdon, M.D.
22.Demonstration of injuries or diseases
e.g. The identification of old or multiple fractures (new # is more bright)
Child abuse
To identify the extent ofphysical injury
To clarify all imaging findings that point to alternative diagnoses

This fracture was caused by a twisting force or torsion at the hands of an adult caregiver.
Sever hand fractures in young male
http://www.flickr.com/photos/roentgenator/1435208683/
23.Projections

digits PA projection

for bone age evaluation.
skulltrue AP & lat. projections
the frontal sinuses &the Sellaturcica can provide unique markers in ID.
Entire body (for identification)everyjoint must be included
because orthopedic appliances or unique degenerative changes aid the ID process.
Correct anatomical markers within the collimated light field is critical.
 Forensic Radiology by B. G. Brogdon, M.D.
24.Radiographer Role
Should has a complete understanding of the technical factors ; may have to vary greatly
from subject to subject.
e.g. A dead individual remains may be found from early soft tissue stages to advanced
skeletonization
http://www.eradimaging.com/site/article.cfm?ID=657&mode=ce
25.Radiographer Role
Obtaining images as close as possible to ante-mortem imaging in AP/PA and lateral
projections.
Providing optimal detail & proper visibility of the structures.
All data & identifiers are recorded on the images (date, time, & location). If any data or
markers are not visible or correct, the image should be repeated.
Following all confidentiality and ethical standards.
http://www.eradimaging.com/site/article.cfm?ID=657&mode=ce
26.Radiographer Role
Must be prepared to work under extreme environmental conditions, with any type of X-ray
equipment (old piece, portable unit, C-arm, mobile CR, and CT scanners)
Safety aspects
Adhering to radiation safety protocols .
Wear personal protective equipment when coming into contact with any body fluids exists.
during imaging , Image receptors placed in plastic covers & wiped with antiseptic after use.
Completed & up-to-date vaccinations for Personnel.
http://www.eradimaging.com/site/article.cfm?ID=657&mode=ce
27.Radiographer Role
Collection and Preservation of Evidence Radiographer needs to be familiar with certain
procedures.
Keep any artifacts that could become evidence.
e.g. never throw away any articles of clothing.
Bagged hand; do not remove the bags –done to keep evidence for gunshot residue and
underneath fingernails.
ask questions before removing anything that might be related to the incident.