Nicole: A flash flood is a sudden outburst of water mostly due to excessive rainfall in an

area. They occur within minutes or hours of excessive rainfall. Flash floods usually occur
along rivers and coastlines. Other causes of flash floods are because of dam failures,
because when a dam has excess water or the dam is overflowing, the dam "gates" would
open up letting out a massive amount of water out at a very fast rate, which causes flash
flooding. Flash flooding also occurs naturally when the soil is too dry to absorb water or the
soil can't absorb the water fast enough, this leads to flash flooding. Now, too JC to explain
the effects of flash floods in the environment and in a rural and urban area.

JC: The effect of flash flooding on the environment is no laughing matter. A flash flood can
take out massive treese and use them to knock out more trees leaving animals that use
trees as their home makes them vulnerable to predators. And after the flash flood most trees
that try to grow on the mud that the flash flood created would eventually die because of that
trees won't be able to grown on the area until the mud is gone. The effects on flash floods on
people is the same as the effects on the environment. In a rural area, where they grow
crops, the flash flood would destroy the people houses and destroy the crops for that year.
Meaning, the people would not be able to harvest the crops. In an urban area, more
casualties would happen because some people would not be able to escape from the flash
flood fast enough. The flash flood would also trample anything in its path whether it would be
a car or a small building. The repairs for the city would cost a lot of money, a lot of time and
a lot of resources.

Unknown: To prevent casualties in a flash flood we need to first secure the safety of the
people, meaning there has to be a place where the people could stay in, protecting them
from the flash flood. And an alarm which would notify the people that a flash flood is
happening. The alarm has to be very fast as the flash flood can reach the people within
minutes. Now, to prevent flash floods altogether we need to lessen the amount of rain,
meaning we need to let the ozone layer heal itself because some experts speculate that the
amount of rain that an area gets is due to how damaged the ozone layer is on that area. So
this means that we have to stop burning trash and start recycling.

Unknown: Storm surges are created through a strong wind blowing a body of water. They
can go quite far inland. Enough to damage or even destroy nearby homes. Storm surges
happen on coastlines when a storm is bringing strong winds. The most dangerous types of
storm surges are the storm surges that are created through a hurricane. Storm surges
created by a hurricane can move faster and can move farther inland than the storm surges
that are brought by storms. An example of how deadly a storm surge is, is during hurricane
Katrina in the US. Hurricane Katrina's storm surges caused 80% of New Orleans to be
submerged in water according to sources.

Jovina: A storm surge can only be strong with a stronger storm/hurricane. The stronger the
storm/hurricane the stronger the storm surges are. A storm surge can flood a small city with
a strong enough storm. With a flood brought about from the storm surge, it would take a lot
of time and effort to repair the damage brought about from the storm surge, the flood caused
by the storm surge and the storm itself.

Unknown: storm surges can be prevented by creating a barrier in the coastline. But this is
not a "100% will block all storm surges", so in the event of a storm surge or a hurricane in
general it is best to evacuate as soon as you hear it. If you can't evacuate, move inland as
fast as possible to give the utmost little chance for the storm surge to reach you. Again, the
best way to avoid a storm surge or a hurricane in general is to evacuate. Evacuating is the
safest route you can go.

Precious: A tsunami is a series of big waves caused by the sudden movement of the ground
below it. The cause of a tsunami is an earthquake. In an earthquake, the tectonic plates
below the water would move back and forth, because of this, a huge series of waves would
be created. In simplified terms, a tsunami is like the waves created from someone shaking a
rectangular container that is currently holding water. How big a tsunami can get is dependent
on how strong the earthquake is. The longer and stronger the earthquake the stronger the
tsunami would become. We should also not mess at how much force a tsunami can bring, it
can easily uproot trees in its path and a car would be basically something that the tsunami
could use for further destruction. During the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, in a
Japan city named Ishinomaki in the Miyagi prefecture 3173 people were killed, 717 missing
and an unknown number of people injured.

Darwin: A tsunami can not be simply stopped by human architecture as of now, so the only
choice is to evacuate, if you are near the coastline you should be faster than others. Human
architecture cannot stop a tsunami because of just the sheer amount of force it carries, and
the thing that would prevent the tsunami would also need to survive the earthquake that
would cause the tsunami. So again, just like with storm surges, the best way is to evacuate
as soon as the earthquake is finished.