Assignment No:-

CAP-323
Multimedia
System

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Respected Ankur Singh
Jasleen Mam Roll no:-
Re3801a29

HOMEWORK 2

PART A
1.Your Boss wants to create a hypermedia system for Web
visitors to find technical support information about your
company. What are some of the implications in creating this
system? Should you hand-build the links or use an automatic
indexing systems. Why?

Ans 1
Hypermedia includes use of sound, video, image and text.
This helps the user to know about the product of the
company. The user can view and test the product so for as
view of the product is concerned. However the hypermedia
restricts the speed of web and it also enhances the time
taken for opening of the site.
So for as the use of hand build indexing system and
automatic indexing is concerned, it is the glue that holds
the content together. It is the layer of order which makes
data base product, robust, and responsive, thus best ever
to serve the needs of organization. However without
automatic indexing, one may find the precise bit of data
that will ignite a new market.
Advance indexing System:-
Automatic link generation enhances reusability of the
multimedia material after it is organized in a lesson
structure. This approach allows authors to create different
context-based presentations starting from the expected
skill of the target users. Advanced indexing schemes will be
further available for dynamic and interactive hypermedia
generation. The MTeach framework is standard compliant in
all phases of the multimedia production process: the output
of each activity in MTeach can be easily integrated with
open e-learning platforms in a complementary fashion.
2.Discuss the implications of using audio in a production,
focusing on the purpose of the audio, how to manage audio
files, and copyright issues.

Ans 2

Sound is perhaps the most important element of

multimedia. It is meaningful “speech” in any language,
from a whisper to a scream. It can provide the listening
pleasure of music, the startling accent of special effects or
the ambience of a mood setting background. Sound is the
terminology used in the analog form, and the digitized form
of sound is called as audio.
Once a recording has been made, it will almost certainly
need to be edited. The basic sound editing operations that
most multimedia procedures needed are described in the
paragraphs that follow:-

1. Multiple Tasks: Able to edit and combine multiple

tracks and then merge the tracks and export them in a final
mix to a single audio file.
2. Trimming: Removing dead air or blank space from the
front of a recording and an unnecessary extra time off the
end is your first sound editing task.
3. Splicing and Assembly: Using the same tools
mentioned for trimming, you will probably want to remove
the extraneous noises that inevitably creep into recording.
 4. Volume Adjustments: If you are trying to assemble ten
different recordings into a single track there is a little
chance that all the segments have the same volume.
5. Format Conversion: In some cases your digital audio
editing software might read a format different from that
read by your presentation or authoring program.
6. Resampling or downsampling: If you have recorded
and edited your sounds at 16 bit sampling rates but are
using lower rates you must resample or downsample the
file.
7. Equalization: Some programs offer digital equalization
capabilities that allow you to modify a recording frequency
content so that it sounds brighter or darker.
8. Digital Signal Processing: Some programs allow you
to process the signal with reverberation, multitap delay,
and other special effects using DSP routines.

3.You need to create a simple animation of a man

bowling,with the ball rolling down the alley and striking the
pins. Describe the sequence of motions in a
storeyboard.Discuss the various techniques and principles
you ,might employ to accurately represent the motion of the
man moving , the ball rolling and the pins falling.

Ans 3
You can see below what we’re aiming for. To play, first click on the green rectangle to
horizontally position the ball. Then, click the red square to roll the ball. The higher up on
the square you click, the more forward power the ball will have. The angular force on
the ball is determined by the horizontal position of the click. This may sound confusing
(and if I were to develop this into a fully featured game, it’s something I would certainly
give more thought to), but trying it out a couple times should make the mechanism
obvious. Seven seconds after each roll the ball will reappear and be ready to roll again
 .

PART B

4.Discuss the difference between bitmap and vector graphics.

Describe five different graphic elements you might use in a
project, for example, the background, buttons,icons or text.

Ans 4
Bitmap Graphics

Bitmap graphics are made up of colored pixels. Pixels are very

small rectangles (usually square, although in some video
applications they are wider than they are tall) of varying colors
that once put together give you an image. You can see from the
example below that zooming in on a bitmap image reveals the
pixels that make up the image when viewed at 100%.
Bitmap
graphics
are
usually
(but not
always)

photographic in nature, capable of subtle graduated tones - often

in the range of millions of colors per image. The problem with
bitmap graphics is that they don't enlarge well as Photoshop
needs to guess what color the extra pixels should be - this can
result is loss of definition and a dramatic lowering in quality,
depending on how much you enlarge the image. Common file
formats for bitmap image data include GIF, JPEG and PNG for
Internet usage and TIFF for print usage. As you can see from the
example below, physically enlarging an image will degrade
quality.

Vector Graphics

Vector graphics on the other hand are not constructed with pixels
at all (although they are displayed on your computer screen as
pixels). They are actually made-up of mathematical expressions
and instructions that produce lines, curves and filled shapes.
Company logos are often vector graphics. They are usually made
up of limited colors, although they may feature sophisticated
gradients and shading to produce more sophisticated looking
graphics.

Vector graphics are created outside of Photoshop in applications

such as Adobe Illustrator or Corel Draw. They don't have a native
DPI like a bitmap image and can be scaled to any size without
any loss in quality. Their size is defined by the dimensions at
which they were originally created. Common file formats for
vector graphics are EPS and AI (the native Illustrator file format).
Vector graphics are usually much smaller in file size than bitmap
graphics, unless bitmap images are embedded inside the image,
in this case the file size will usually be larger. If bitmap graphics
are embedded in vector files (for example, an EPS), the bitmap
element of the graphic will suffer in quality if resized, whereas the
vector element will always output at excellent quality regardless
of this. An example of a vector graphic and its enlargement is
shown below.

Vector artwork is used within Photoshop to create paths in the

paths palette, manipulate type using fonts, and create and
manipulate custom shapes. These elements can be resized up
and down to any scale as many times as you wish without any
loss in quality. You must save your file in the native PSD
Photoshop file format to retain this editability - once saved as a
bitmap image file such as a TIFF this editability will be lost (unless
it is an embedded path).

5. List the four main sampling rates and the two

sampling depths. Briefly describe what each is most
useful for. How does mono versus stereo come into the
equation.
Ans 5

Sampling Rate:
The sampling rate is the number of samples of data taken in
one second for each channel of audio being recorded. CDs
are recorded at 44,100 samples per second.
 The image below is a 1000hz signal recorded at 8000
samples per second. The bright green dots are the points
where the data was taken. you can count them and see that
there 8 samples per cycle. Multiply that by 1000 cycles per
second and you get the 8000 samples/sec. The rate at which
it was recorded. This is 0.0045 seconds of audio.

The image below is a 1000hz signal recorded at 44,100

samples per second. The bright green dots are the points
where the data was taken. You can't count these very easily.
This is also 0.0045 seconds of audio. You can easily see that
there is much more data in this recording.

MONO VS STEREO
The terms stereo and mono are often used when referring to
amplifier connections. A stereo amplifier has two independent
channels, one left and one right. The left and right signals of
the stereo signal are similar but not exactly the same. The two
channels are used to give the audio a sense of depth. If one
instrument or voice is only produced in the left channel, it will
seem to originate from the left side of the listening area. If a
particular sound is only slightly louder in one of the channels,
that sound will seem to originate off center slightly toward the
channel in which the sound is louder. If you have two speakers
but supply mono signal to both of them, there will be no sense
of separation or depth. If a mono signal fed to both channels of
a stereo amplifier, with a speaker on each channel, the output
will mono. If a stereo signal is fed to the same amp/speaker
set up, the output will be stereo. If a speaker is bridged onto a
 stereo amplifier, the output of the speaker will be a mono
output, even if the signal fed into the amplifier is a stereo
signal. Even if 2 speakers are bridged onto the amplifier, the
output will still be mono because the output from each
speaker has the same content.

6. Describe the capabilities and limitations of

Bitmap Images.

Ans 6

Bitmap

A bitmap is an image which is made up of tiny squares of color.

The arrangement of these tiny coloured squares produces the
effect of an image. This is a good method of reproducing
'continuous tone' images, such as photographs.

The amount of detail that can be seen in a picture depends on

the resolution of the image; how many times per inch these
squares or pixels occur. 300 times per inch is what is needed
for good quality reproduction on a commercial printing press,
and 72 pixels per inch for monitor display.

Bitmaps have two disadvantages. In terms of the amount of

digital storage, bitmaps are memory intensive, and the higher
the resolution, the larger the file size.

The other disadvantage with bitmaps is when an image is

enlarged, the individual colored squares become visible and the
illusion of a smooth image is lost to the viewer. This 'pixilation'
makes the image look course.