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Around 1050 BC, the 12 tribes of Israel established the Kingdom of Israel and Ju

dah (The United Monarchy) under King David, and established Jerusalem as it's ca
pital. His son, King Solomon decided to build a Temple to G-d in Jerusalem on a
Temple Mount. This kingdom lasted for about 100 years. Subsequently, the country
had a civil war, and split into two kingdoms in 930 BC. The kingdom of Israel i
n the north with Samaria as it's capital, and the Kingdom of Judah in the south
with Jerusalem as it's capital. The Kingdom of Israel lasted from 930 BC to arou
nd 720 BC when the Kingdom of Israel fell to the Assyria. The Kingdom of Judah l
asted from 930 BC to around 580 BC when it fell to the Babylonians, and the Baby
lonians destroyed the Temple in Jerusalem. Despite the kingdoms being invaded, a
nd destroyed and much of the Israelites being exiled throughout the Middle East,
especially Babylon, many Israelites remained. When the Persians conquered Babyl
on in around 540 BC Cyrus the Great allowed the Israelites to return to Israel,
and allowed them to rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem. In 333 BC, Alexander the Gr
eat invaded, and conquered the Persian empire, and gave control of Israel to Mac
edonia. After the fall of Macedonia, the Seleucid Empire came about from it's fa
ll, and in 160 BC, the Maccabees revolted against the empire, and forced them ou
t of Israel. 20 years later in 140 BC, the Israelites again established another
kingdom, called the Hasmoean Kingdom of Israel. This kingdom lasted for around 1
00 years from 140 BC to 40 BC. So all in all, independent, soverign Jewish natio
ns lasted around a total of 800 years. The kingdom fell to the Roman empire, and
the land became a province of Rome. The province was called the Judea Province.
The word Judea coming from the Latin translation for Judah. The Romans called t
he Israelites of Judea Judeans and they called the people practicing Judaism Jud
eans, which is where we get the word Jew from when ultimately translated into En
glish. The Judea province lasted until 135 AD after a series of revolts (the Gre
at Jewish revolt of 66 AD, the Kitos War in 115 AD, and the final revolt, the Ba
r Kochba Revolt of 132 AD). The Romans suppressed the final revolt in 135 AD and
as punishment for revolting so many times, the Romans burned Jerusalem and dest
royed the Temple, exiled many of the Jews from Judea into slavery to the rest of
the Roman empire, mainly the European parts of the Roman empire, hence why ther
e were so many Jews in Europe aftewards, the Romans also renamed Jerusalem to Ae
lia Capitolina and banned Jews from entering it, and as a final punishment, the
Romans renamed Judea to Syria-Palaestina in an attempt to erase Jewish history f
rom the land, and to embarrass the Jews since Assyria (translated into Latin is
Syria) and Philistia (translated into Latin is Palestina) were the Israelites an
cient enemies. Now for the first time, the entire land is called Palestine. The
Palestinians today are not the descendents of the Philistines however. The Phili
stines were originally a waring people from the Mediterranian island of Crete, a
nd they originally settled in the area roughly the shape of Gaza, but bigger, to
use as a base to go to war with Egypt. So basically, if the Jews didn't revolt,
and the Romans didn't rename the land to Palestine, it would probably have been
known as Judea for this whole time. From 135 AD to 638 AD, the Jews and Christi
ans there were Palestinians.
After the Muslims eventually conquered the area, throughout the years after the
conquests, the Arab Muslims forced Islam and Arab culture on the residents, now
you have a separate Palestinian Arab Muslim identity. However, scientific studie
s done on Palestinians shows the majority of Palestinain Arabs tested are found
to be descendants of Jews who were forced to convert to Islam and embrace Arab c
ulture. According to the study, the finding concludes: "According to historical
records part, or perhaps the majority,of the Moslem Arabs in this country descen
ded from local inhabitants, mainly Christians and Jews, who
had converted after the Islamic conquest in the seventh century AD (Shaban 1971;
Mc Graw Donner 1981). These local inhabitants, in turn, were descendants of the
core population that had lived in the area for several centuries, some even sin
ce prehistorical times (Gil 1992). On the other hand, the ancestors of the great
majority of present- day Jews lived outside this region for almost two millenni
a. Thus, our findings are in good agreement with historical evidence and suggest
genetic continuity in both populations despite their long separation and the wi
de geographic dispersal of Jews.". The Arabs in 691 AD built the Dome of the Roc
k on top of the Temple Mount, and forbade Jews from entering the Temple Mount de
spite them lifting the ban on Jews from entering Jerusalem that the Romans had i
nitially put on them. At first, the Arabs let the Jews live peacefully and gave
them a decent amount of freedom compared to the Christian treatment of Jews in E
urope. After awhile, anti-Semitism would emerge, and Jews were regularly killed,
and exiled. Eventually, the Arabs did not let Jews pray at the Western Wall (th
e last remaining standing section of the Second Temple in Jerusalem), they also
put restrictions on Jews not being able to visit Rachels, Josephs, and other pro
phets tombs, and they only allowed Jews to go up to the seventh step in the Cave
of the Patriarchs (where Abraham, and other prophets are buried). This ban cont
inued through into parts of the Ottoman Empires control over the area, and into
the British control of the area, and Jordanian control. From 135 AD until the pr
esent day, Palestine has been under constant "occupation" and has never been a s
overeign, independent nation. It has been under Roman, Byzantine, Arab, Crusader
, Ottoman and British authority. Therefore, the Palestinians have never owned or
controlled the land for themselves. Yes, that's right, the Palestinians have ne
ver historically owned and controlled the land for themseles. Jews in the diaspo
ra (Jews who live outside of Israel) for 2000 years have been waiting and prayin
g for the day when they can return to Israel. With the advent of Zionism in the
1880s, this became a reality and Jews started to return to Israel. Yes, the same
Jews who were originally from Israel, and were exiled time after time by the As
syrians, Babylonians, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, and Crusaders returned to their
homeland. So no, they are not "European colonists" when they were originally fr
om the area. Infact. just about half of the Jews in Israel are Arab Jews. After
World War I when the British defeated the Ottoman empire in the region, the Brit
ish passed the Balfour Declaration in 1917, stating they would re-establish a Je
wish nation in the British Mandate of Palestine. Part of the agreement in the de
claration was to allow a quota of Jews to return to Israel, and protect them fro
m any violence. Some say one of the reasons for this was to get rid of Britains
Jews since anti-Semitism was rife, but that's debatable. In 1919, the Zionist le
ader Chaim Weizmann and Emir Faisal, a prominent figure in the Arab world at the
time, signed an agreement to recognize the establishment of a Jewish state in P
alestine.
Faisal said: "We Arabs... look with the deepest sympathy on the Zionist movement
. Our deputation here in Paris is fully acquainted with the proposals submitted
yesterday by the Zionist Organization to the Peace Conference, and we regard the
m as moderate and proper. We will do our best, in so far as we are concerned, to
help them through; we will wish the Jews a most hearty welcome home... I look f
orward, and my people with me look forward, to a future in which we will help yo
u and you will help us, so that the countries in which we are mutually intereste
d may once again take their places in the community of the civilized peoples of
the world." However, Arabs did not like the idea of Jews having an state in an a
rea that has been predominantly Muslim for such a long time along with anti-Semi
tism. The first recorded violence between the Jews and Palestinian Arabs in the
Mandate was in 1920 when Arabs attacked and killed 8 Jews in the village of Tel
Chai. Violence continued a month later in the Nebi Musa riots in which Arab lead
ers called on the Arabs to get rid of the Jews, resulting in 5 Jews, and 4 Arabs
being killed after the British got involed. Arab violence against Jews and the
British continued for another 16 years resulting in the deaths of 291 Jews, 308
Arabs and several hundred British soldiers. After so many attacks on Jews, Jews
started to band together to form militias such as the Irgun and Stern Gang. At
first they were hired to protect kibbutzim against Arab attacks, but they eventu
ally turned into terrorist organizations attacking British soldiers and Arab cit
izens. They attacked the British because they felt they were not doing enough to
protect the Jews in their agreement in the Balfour Declaration. The reasoning f
or attacking the British was to make them leave the area. During World War II, m
any Jews from the Mandate joined the British army to help fight against the Nazi
s. After the war and the Holocaust, millions of Jews have been killed and displa
ced with no place to go, Jews returning from the British army were turned away a
nd not allowed to go back to their homes in the Mandate. Jews were then forced t
o stow away on ships to return. In 1947, the United Nations decided to partition
the land into a Jewish state and an Arab state. The offer was not very good for
the Jews. The land the Jews were supposed to get was about 80% uninhabitable Ne
gev desert, while the Arabs got the fertile Judean hills next to the Dead Sea. J
erusalem was to be an international city, despite Jerusalem's (especially East J
erusalem) majority population being Jews from 1890 - 1948 until the Jordanian ar
my kicked out almost all of Jerusalem's Jewish population and also that the Jews
have been living continuously in the land longer than anyone else, with communi
ties dating back all the way to the time of the Romans, and possibly even longer
than that. The Jews agreed to the partition, while the Arabs did not. On May 14
, 1948 the day before the British mandate expired, the Jews declared independenc
e, and established the State of Israel. That day, 7 Arab armies, including a few
Arab terrorist/militia organizations invaded. The war resulted in about 4000 Je
wish troops, and 2,400 Jewish civilians being killed, along with 8000 Arab troop
s being killed. Around 600,000 Palestinians were either forced out by Jewish mil
itias, they left on their own free will, or the Arab leaders told them to leave
for their safety. From 1948 to the 1970s, around 1 million Jews were either forc
ed out, or they left Arab lands on their own free will due to anti-Semitism. The
land and valuables the Jews owned in Arab lands amounted to over 300 billion do
llars, and the real estate amounted to over 4 times the size of Israel. In 1949
Israel offered to allow 100,000 Palestinians to return to Israel in exchange for
peace, the agreement ultimately failed.
On June 5th 1967, Egypt put 100,000 troops, 950 tanks, 1,100 APCs and more than
1,000 artillery pieces in the Sinai desert, Syria put 75,000 troops along the Is
raeli-Syrian border, Jordan had 55,000 troops and 300 tanks along the Israeli-Jo
rdanian border, and Iraq amassed 100 tanks along the Israeli-Jordanian border. I
srael uncovered documents going back and forth from the different Arab armies af
ter they found out the code word which would launch the invasion, and they also
uncovered a conversation between Jordanian military officials which said "We wil
l be in Tel Aviv in 3 days." added to the fact that the Arabs put a naval blocka
de on merchent ships going into and out of Israel. Israel launched a pre-emptive
strike once this happened, and attacked the Egyptian air force, starting the 6
Day War, in which Israel won the Sinai Desert and Gaza from Egypt, the West Bank
and Jerusalem from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria. Israel offered to
return the Sinai Desert and Gaza to Egypt in a peace treaty, Egypt refused to ta
ke back Gaza. Israel also offered to give back the West Bank (excluding Jerusale
m) to Jordan in a peace treaty, Jordan refused to take back the West Bank.

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