UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, FAISALABAD

Synopsis for M.Sc degree in Computer Sciences

TITLE: ONLINE TICKET RESERVATION SYSTEM FOR

PAKISTAN RAILWAY

Name of the Student: Asad Abbas

Registration No: 2008-ag-728
Name of the Supervisor: Mr. Fahad Jan

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research is to develop the online ticket reservation system for Pakistan
railway. The existing system of Pakistan railway is manual system which is very time
consuming. To avoid from these problems the proposed system will be introduced which is
online. The online ticket reservation system is more reliable than existing system. The proposed
system will be user friendly from the ticket reservation point of view and also provide the
facilities of fare calculation and arrival and departure timing of the trains. The online ticket
reservation system will be designed by using ASP.NET 4 and Microsoft SQL server 2008.
 UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, FAISALABAD
Synopsis for M.Sc degree in Computer Sciences

TITLE: ONLINE TICKET RESERVATION SYSTEM FOR

PAKISTAN RAILWAY

Date of admission: September,2008

Date of initiation: After approval
Probable duration: 4 months

PERSONNELS:

Name of the Student: Asad Abbas

Registration No: 2008-ag-728

SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE:

Mr. Fahad Jan (Chairman)

Mr. Tasleem Mustafa (Member)
Mr. Muhammad Iqbal Javeed (Member)
 INTRODUCTION

Pakistan's railway network constitutes the backbone of its transportation system and plays a
pivotal role in the country's economy. Pakistan Railways provides an important mode of
Transportation in the farthest corners of the country and brings them closer for Business,
sightseeing, pilgrimage and education. It has been a great integrating force and forms the life line
of the country by catering to its needs for large scale movement of people and freight.
Pakistan railway’s network is stretched over 8,800 kilometers.
The existing system used in Pakistan railway is a manual system. It is not secure and efficient
system. It is very time consuming procedure. Tickets are reserve only from railway station or
some authorized points. One seat can be reserved by two passengers due to data duplication and
problems are faced in searching of seat availability by using this system. To avoid from this
system the proposed system will introduced which is computer based. It will helpful to save the
costumer’s time. The online ticket reservation system will more efficient, reliable and secure.
He stated that security refers to data security. Security in a system provides safeguards to
protect system data from deliberate, accidental damages or access by unauthorized persons
(Richard and Sowtell, 2001),
The use of computer has become very popular and it has brought about
revolutionary changes not only in the field of science but also in every sphere of human
activity. We are rightly claimed that we are living in computer era. The use of computer
has solved multi-faced problems of modern life. The contribution made by the computer in
every field of our life can hardly be over-Looked and mitigated (Archer, 2007).

The organized collection of information that is accessed via software is called database.
The client requests services, and the server provides them those services. The client sends
structured query language (SQL) requests to the server. These are transmitted as messages across
the network. The server processes the SQL request and finds the requested information, passing
back the results only to the clients (Roger, 2000).
 Information Technology is the key enable of change in today’s rapidly evolving
business climate. IT is the central focus of all major companies world wide to lower costs and
improve quality of products and services. New methodologies are continuously emerging to
assist companies in the integration of IT with their work processes. The IT has set of a quite
revolution, which has changed the life of style of modern man. Computer is helpful in operation
of rolling mills as well as manufacture of machine parts. In virtually instantaneous calculation
and control of automated systems helps increasing production (Khosropour, M. 1994).
The proposed system will be user friendly interface, graphical user interface and based on
the Relational Database Management System (RDBMS). The new System will be capable to
reserve tickets efficiently. The proposed system will be developed using ASP.NET 4 as front end
and SQL Server 2008 as back end.

OBJECTIVES
The real objective of the proposed system is to facilitate the passengers. It will save the time. The
proposed system will accurate and efficient. Latest technology will be utilized to develop this
system with more flexibility, reliability and performance
 Review of Literature

Smith (1999) described that Active Server Page (ASP) was first released in November of 1996
by Microsoft. ASP.NET and the .NET framework feature many advantages over classic ASP.
Asp.Net outer forms Asp and more robust, secure, and scalable. It has better tools allowing
programmers to be more productive, and its supports many different languages.

Pressman (2001) said that software fails or dissatisfied when it is error prone. When it is difficult
to change and even harder to use, bad thing can do happen. We will want to build the software
that makes things better, avoiding the bad things.

Richard and Sowtell (2001) said that security refers to data security. Security in a system
provides safeguards to protect system data from deliberate, accidental damages or access by
unauthorized persons

Russo, et al. (2001) told that software engineers make use of a large number of different
descriptions throughout the development process including analysis, models, specifications,
designs, program codes, user guides, test plans, change requests, style requests, schedules, and
process models. These descriptions are constructed and updated by different developers at
different times during development.David and Julian (2002) defined the framework is a new
computing platform that simplifies application development in the highly distributed
environment of the internet. The .NET framework is designed to fulfill the following objectives.
To provide a consistent object-oriented programming environment whether object code is stored
and execute locally, execute locally but internet distributed, or execute remotely.

Shaw (2002) explained that software engineering will benefit from a better understanding of the
research strategies that have been most successful. The model presented here reflects the
character of the discipline: it identifies the types of questions software engineers find interesting,
the types of results we produce in answering those questions, and the types of evidence that we
use to evaluate the results.
Jackson, et al (2004) said that the essential elements of a problem analysis process based on
Problem Frames are the building of descriptions for domains, phenomena and requirements,
followed by problem decomposition and re-composition. Problem decomposition is through
templated applications of problem frame diagrams, a process reminiscent of analysis patterns,
leading to grounded instances. The result of the instantiation is a sub-problem diagram, which
can either be further analysed and decomposed, or is in a form which admits solution.

Perry (2005) explained that .NET Framework is designed as an integrated environment for
seamlessly developing and running applications on the internet, on desktop as Windows Forms,
and even on mobile devices(with the compact formwork).There are many objectives of .NET
Framework. Its primary objective is to provide a consistent object-oriented environment across
the range of applications.

Albeaun, Ayerian and Duda (2009) described that there is an increasing request for web
software systems, some of them to be used very intensive. The customers ask not only for fast
design and implementation, but also for a high quality product. Considering reliability as an
important quality attribute, it describes the current state of the art in designing, implementing,
and testing web software. An important attention is given to software vulnerabilities and how to
deliver secure software.

Koutb, at el. (2009) elaborated that current web contains billions of documents and there are
many problems associated with the World Wide Web such as: getting lost in the hyperspace
according to the large amount of search results; difficulties of web administration due to the huge
number of web pages available on the web today; and the web content being still accessible only
to humans. Machines cannot participate in taking a decision. The solution to these problems is
the Semantic Web. The Semantic Web is considered to be the extension for the current web.
Shaker and Ibrahim (2009) stated that many users use web search engines to find and gather
information. User faces an increasing amount of various HTML information sources. The issue
of correlating, integrating and presenting related information to users becomes important. When
a user uses a search engine such as Yahoo and Google to seek specific information, the results
are not only information about the availability of the desired information, but also information
about other pages on which the desired information is mentioned.

Farooq (2010) elaborated that software testing provides a status report of the actual product in
comparison to product requirements (written and implicit). Testing process has to verify and
validate whether the software fulfills conditions laid down for its release/use. Testing should
reveal as many errors as possible in the software under test, check whether it meets its
requirements and also bring it to an acceptable level of quality.

Nuseibeh (2010) stated that robust and realistic development process allows both requirements
engineers and system architects to work concurrently and iteratively to describe the artifacts they
wish to produce. This process allows developers to better understand problems through
consideration of architectural constraints, and they can develop and adapt architectures based on
requirements.

VanLengen (2010) stated that XML is a plain text-based document that contains data and a
description of the data. Since it is text-based it is readable by humans, but more importantly by
using the extensible tags it is readable by computer based systems. XML can be widely used
because it is one of the many open standards available to describe data for storage and transfer.
XML should also be covered in operating system and networking courses, since most
configuration files are now in XML format.
Shireesha and Sharma (2010) analyzed that reuse allows programmers to efficiently create reuse
of software components improves overall software quality, reduce software costs, and deliver
software with fewer defects. Reuse allows programmers to efficiently create software systems
from existing software artifacts rather than building software systems from scratch. Software
reuse means reusing the inputs, the processes, and the outputs of previous software development
efforts. Effective management of a large set of reusable components requires well-defined
structures and processes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Proposed system is going to be designed after complete study of manual system. The front end,
of the proposed system will be developed using ASP.NET. The back end, of the proposed system
will be SQL Server 2008.
Most database management systems these days are relational, termed relational database
management system (RDBMS). These systems make storing data and returning results easier and
more efficient (Wilton and Colby, 2005).
Asp.Net provided a complete suite of controls to create database security for the ASP.NET for
the application. These includes login control and login status that manages different view based
on if the user is logged in (Koopmann ,2009).
We investigate how the standard database query language SQL can be extended to deal
with the newly emerging trends of complex objects and object orientation. Our main concern is
to extend SQL as naturally as possible, rather than to redesign SQL into “yet another” object-
oriented query language. We achieve this goal through a faithful mapping from a complete
object-oriented database model, compatible with recent proposals in the field, to the nested
relational database model, which is widely accepted as a natural extension of the relational
database model on which standard SQL is based. We provide formal definitions of syntax and
semantics. We also review related research and situate our work into it(Bussche and Heuer,
2003).
HARDWARE REQUIRMENTS
For the purposed system, the requirement of hardware is as follows.
 Main Processor Pentium technology (Pentium IV recommended).
 Hard Disk (80 GB recommended).
 Main Memory RAM (512 MB with a bus speed of 533 MHz Recommended).
 Color Monitor (17" SVGA recommended).
 Mother board with bus speed of 1024 MHz.

SOFTWARE SELECTION
The choice of software is a very important factor to be considered during the development phase
of the system. The decision depends upon many factors including the current environment,
amount of data to handle and cost of the programming.
 ASP.NET
 SQL Server 2008
 REFERENCES

Albeanu, G., A. Averian. and I. Duda. 2009. Web Software Reliability Engineering, Spiru Haret
University, Bucharest, Romania, 2(1): 1-4.

Archer, T. 2007. Inside C#. Microsoft Press, pp-155-160.

Bussche, J. V. d. and A. Heuer. 2003. Information system, journals of databases,

18 (7): 461-487.

David, V. and J. T. Leman. 2002. Visual studio .Net framework Black Book Series Introduction
Architecture of .Net Framework, Addison Wesley, pp: 38-75.

Farooq, S. U. 2010. Software Testing – Goals, Principles, and Limitations, Verification and
Validation, International Journal of Computer Applications, 6(9): 7-13.

Jackson, M., L. Rapanotti., J. Hall. and B. Nuseibeh. 2004. Architecture Driven Problem
Decomposition, Background and Motivation, Proceedings of 12th IEEE International
Requirements Engineering Conference, pp: 2-6.

Khosropour, M. 1994. Managing social and economic Changes with Information Technology.
Published by Idea Group Inc, pp:165-166

Koutb, M. H. T. Al-Feel. and H. Suoror 2009, Semantic Web on Scope: A New Architectural
Model for the Semantic Web, An Introduction To The Problem, Journal of Computer Science
4 (7): 2-8.

Koopmann, J. 2009. Oracle Invisible Indexes and Index Usability, Database Journal,
2(1):81-82.

Nuseibeh, B. 2010. Weaving Together Requirements and Architecture, IEEE Computer, 34(3):
117-125.
Perry, S. C. 2005. Core C# and .NET Framework, Prentice Hall, pp: 93-96.

Pressman, R. S. 2001. Software Engineering, A Practitioner's Approach, McGraw Hill Book Co,
pp: 770-778.

Richard, W. and A. Sowtell. 2001. Teach Yourself Microsoft SQL Server 2000 in 21 Days.
Published by G.C. join for Techmedia, Munish Plaza. 20 Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi,
India, pp: 960-966.

Roger, S. P. 2000. Software Engineering: A practitioner’s Approach ISBN:

0073655783 Publisher: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.pp: 330-333.

Russo, A. S. Easterbrook. and B. Nuseibeh. 2001. Making Inconsistency Respectable in

Software Development, The Journal of Systems and Softwares, 58(2): 171-174.

Shaker, M. and H. Ibrahim. 2009. Information Extraction from Hypertext Mark-Up Language
Web Pages, Journal of Computer Science 5 (8): 596-607.

Shaw, M. 2002. What Makes Good Research in Software Engineering?, International Journal of
Software Tools for Technology Transfer, 4(1): 1-7.

Shireesha, P. and S. S. V .N. Sharma. 2010. Building Reusable Software Component For
Optimization Check in ABAP Coding, International Journal of Software Engineering &
Applications (IJSEA), 1(3): 38-44.

Smith, S. A. 1999. ASP.NET by example, Mc Graw Hil, pp: 29-40.

VanLengen, C. A. 2010. Beyond Basic XML, Information System Education Journal, 8(21): 3-6.

Wilton, P. and J. W. Colby. 2005. Beginning SQL, Wrox Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis,
Indiana, U.S.A. pp: 528-533.