EF‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥١  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 
،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
K‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 
C6, C7 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
–‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬EF
 
  ٥ W‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥١  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Methods of Refrigerant Feed to Evaporators‫א‬‫א‬١ J٥

  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
Dry Expansion Evaporator ١ J١ J٥
  
‫א‬‫א‬ DX‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K،E١ J٥F‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 E١ J٥F 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥١  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Flooded Evaporator٢ J١ J٥

 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٥F
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬       ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    E‫א‬ F  ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 E٢ J٥F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥١  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Overfeed Evaporators ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١ J٥

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E٣ J٥F  
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
         ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٥F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥١  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Air Cooled Evaporators‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٥

  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  J١

‫א‬  J٢

 ‫א‬  J٣

  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢ J٥
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٤ J٥F
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥١  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J٥F
 
 
 W‫א‬٢ J٢ J٥
  
‫א‬KE٦ J٥F،E٥ J٥F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
          K    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬  ،‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E٧ J٥F    K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥١  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 E٥ J٥F

 
 
 E٦ J٥F
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥١  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٥F
 
 
‫א‬٣ J٢ J٥
 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬        ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E٨ J٥F  
     ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬      ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E2-25 mmF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥١  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 E٨ J٥F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٥
 

  ،E‫א‬ F ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ W ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ TD‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 TD‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ TD‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
  
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   E‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ TD
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥١  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٥
  
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E٩ J٥F ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 E٩ J٥F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥١  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٥
  
E١٠ J٥F J،‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٥F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE ١٠ J٥F 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1.5 m/s‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  K‫א‬
10   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،1.5-3.5 m/s
 Km/s

  E F

 EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٥F
 EFEF

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥١  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Chillers‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٥
  
 ‫א‬   K ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W١ J٦ J٥
  
K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١ J٥F
‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

 
 
 E١١ J٥F
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥١  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٦ J٥
  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٥F
 K ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    K 0.5-0.75 m/s  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٥F
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥١  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٣ J٦ J٥
  
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E١٣ J٥F  
 ‫א‬  K          K‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 
 E١٣ J٥F
 W٤ J٦ J٥
  
‫א‬‫א‬،E١٤ J٥F،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٤ J٥F
  

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥١  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 
،2-25 TR  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
 K‫א‬‫א‬10 TR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 E١٤ J٥F
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٦ J٥
  
‫א‬  E‫א‬F ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE١٥ J٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ E ١٦ J٥F 
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٦ J٥F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥١  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬U‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Self-Contained ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K
 
 

 
 
 E١٥ J٥F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥١  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 E١٦ J٥F
 ‫א‬EF‫א‬EF
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٦ J٥
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E١٨ J٥F ،E١٧ J٥F ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   K‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬K 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 

- ١٢١ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥١  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٦٤،٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 
 

 
 E١٧ J٥F
 

- ١٢٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥١  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
E١٨ J٥F

- ١٢٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥١  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧ J٥
  
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬Self-Contained ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 WE١ J٥F
 

 20°C‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ 5°C‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ LMTD ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K10°C‫א‬
 

W‫א‬

∆T1 = 20 − 5 = 15
∆T2 = 10 − 5 = 5

∆T1 − ∆T2 15 − 5
LMTD = = = 9.10
∆T1 15
ln ln
∆T2 5

 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٢٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥١  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WE٢ J٥F
 

 10°C‫א‬‫א‬ 4°C‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 15°C‫א‬  32°C‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

∆T1 = 34 − 4 = 28

∆T2 = 15 − 10 = 5
∆T1 − ∆T2 28 − 5
LMTD = = = 13.35
∆T1 28
ln ln
∆T2 5

- ١٢٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥١  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

∆T1 = 32 − 10 = 22

∆T1 = 15 − 4 = 11
∆T1 − ∆T2 22 − 11
LMTD = = = 15.87
∆T1 22
ln ln
∆T2 11
 
 
 
 

- ١٢٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥١  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٥‫א‬‫א‬

 K–‫א‬١ J٥
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬W٢ J٥
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٥
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٥
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٥
 
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٦ J٥

KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٧ J٥
 
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٨ J٥
 
63°F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،40°F‫א‬‫א‬ ٩ J٥
 LMTD ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 50°F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 50°F‫א‬ 40°F‫א‬ ١٠ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K60°F‫א‬ 80°F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬LMTD‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧ J٥

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