INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT

LORD BUDDHA EDUCATION FOUNDATION

CT098-3-2-RMCT

“Transportation (Bus) Management System”

NP2F1701IT

Submitted By:

Name: Sunil Aryal

Student ID: NP000065

Course: Bsc.IT

Submitted to:

Dipesh Khanal
Acknowledgment

The reason for preparing this assignment is to take a step forward towards making travelling in a
public transport a smoother and more reliable experience via internet.

I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my lecturer who conveyed a spirit in teaching
and guiding me throughout the assignment. Besides that, I would like to thank to my university
to give me permission to do the research and provide useful tools for this venture.
 1. Introduction

Transportation (Bus) Management System project is developed to automate transport operation

like payment, booking order, delivery report, generating transactions receipt. The transportation
management system mostly focuses on long route public vehicles where there are many
problems faced by the passenger due to the manual working environment of bus service. The
system will be based on mobile application because of its wide range of use.

The area or the region that mostly needs an upgrade of the transportation system is usually
developing countries having large number of population. The modern world focuses on
digitization replacing the traditional style of travelling by uplifting technological advancement.
 2. Problem Statement
Our country Nepal is a developing country where the cities are still under the influence of
manual/traditional working system is followed. In the world of digitation and the growing
population rate, the simplest thing like travelling is mostly done manually in our parts of the
country. While the people want to travel from one place to another, public face vehicle arrival
uncertainty where there is no information about the vehicle route and when the vehicle will
arrive. This will cause public to miss the bus and cannot reach to destination at time. Due to the
lack of poor management, the bus fare is not fare. People get confused of which route to take that
result in vehicle route confusion. During the festive season there will be a queue of people that
will be travelling to their home to celebrate but the bus management cannot maintain the record
and retain the details of mass of people due to manual system.

Problem Background
Presently, the buses depart from the central bus station at a fixed time. And reach the next bus
station on their way passing through the traffic. A ticket issuer issues the ticket by getting into
the bus at a random station and checking the ticket of every passenger manually, a time keeper
tries to ensure that the buses reaches the last station in appropriate time by checking the
departure time and the arrival time on a random bus station.

https://www.scribd.com/document/113195739/Research-Method-APIIT-APU

In Bangladesh Dhaka, the problem caused with student fair in the buses. Student fair means half
fair by the students in the bus. This is not fixed by any act or law but Road, Transport and
Bridges Minister Obaidul Kader gives directives in this case few times. In most cases it is seen
that the bus drivers do not accept student fair in different parts of the country. Or sometimes the
student are forced to pay three-forth part of the fair than the half fair. http://www.daily-
sun.com/post/221573/Problems-in-transport-sector-and-solutions

Since 1951, the development in the transport sector is quite good but there are many hurdles in
the path of progress. http://www.economicsdiscussion.net/articles/main-problems-of-transport-
development-in-india/2183

Faulty Planning of Lack of Rail Road Worn out and Improved technology
 Transport System Co-ordination Obsolete Assets
Millions of people travel throughout the country on critical assets, which is why they have
become attractive targets for crime, vandalism and terrorism. As a result of the high-profile
nature of transportation providers, each organization must carefully consider the safety and
security of its passengers, employees, facilities and physical assets.

http://blog.verint.com/security-intelligence/top-3-challenges-facing-the-transportation-market

The transport in general and the road transport in developing countries is facing critical
impediment. Some of these problems are:

 Absence or inadequacy of clear-cut policy on the part of the Government

 Lack of modern multi-modal transportation system
 Non-availability of effective and adequate private sector for transportation sector
 Unrealistic regulations of transport
 Lack of adequate finances for public sector

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266469087_Transportation_Problems_in_Developing_
Countries_Pakistan_A_Case-in-Point

According to Nepal Portfolio Performance Review 2015-2016, some the issues in transportation
are:

 inadequate staff and their capacity

 Frequent transfer of the project staffs
 Slow procurement process
 Slow decisions on technical/contractual matters
 Weak monitoring, supervision and quality control

http://www.mof.gov.np/uploads/document/file/Transport_NPPR_2015_20150913011931.pdf
 3. Literature Review
This is an evaluation report of information found in the field related to the selected area of study.

Journal of Transport and Supply Chain Management focuses its site on the negative socio-
economic and environmental externalities generated by informal public transport (IPT) in
developing countries is vast, vibrant and growing fast. These externalities include but are not
limited to noise, air and land pollution, accidents and, more importantly, a source of congestion
(human and vehicular) because of poor driver behavior. In this article, the research does not seek
to reinstate these, but rather, it argues that poor driver behavior is a dependent variable to some
regulatory policy stimuli. Yet, an extensive literature survey has shown that the driver behavior
and urban transport regulation linkage remain little explored.

http://www.jtscm.co.za/index.php/jtscm/index

Managing the increasing traffic is a big problem all over the world. Intelligent Transportation
System (ITS) provides solution to these problems with the help of new technologies. ITS is an
integrated system that implements a broad range of communication, control, vehicle sensing and
electronics technologies to solve and manage the traffic problems. ITS is being used in the
developed countries since past two decades, but it is still a new concept when developing
countries like India, Brazil, China, South Africa etc. http://www.scielo.br/pdf/jtl/v9n2/2238-
1031-jtl-09-02-0030.pdf

Public Transportation Management System based on GPS Wi-Fi and Open Street Maps by Saed
Tarapiah and Shadi Atalla.

In this project we focus on public transportation vehicles - such as buses, and mini-buses -,
where the goal of the project is to design and deploy a smart/intelligent unit attached to public
vehicles by using embedded microcontroller and sensors and empowering them to communicate
with each other through wireless technologies. The proposed Offline Intelligent Public
Transportation Management System will play a major role in reducing risks and high accidents
rate, whereas it can increase the traveler satisfactions and convenience. Here, we propose a
method, software as well as a framework as enabling technologies to for evaluation, planning
and future improvement the public transportation system. Our system even though can be as
whole or parts can be applied all over the world we mostly target developing countries. This
limitation mostly appears by consider off-shelf technologies such as WiFi, GPS and Open Street
Maps (OSM).

http://thesai.org/Publications/ViewPaper?Volume=6&Issue=1&Code=IJACSA&SerialNo=27

An Automated Transport Management System by Mithlesh Choudhary. Transport demand in

most Indian cities has increased significantly due to increase in population as a result of both
natural increase and migration from rural areas and smaller towns fast growth of India’s
population like other developing countries has trigger a greater need for used organized public
transport system. Automation of bus transport has been gaining more importance because they
provide accurate information of buses like reservation, air charges, route information, bus
information etc. The system will provide full information about the bus enquiry, buses schedules,
buses fairs, buses ticket reservation and buses time. http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-
jce/papers/Vol11-issue3/C01131721.pdf?id=87

Smart Transportation Management Systems by Vahid Mirzabeiki, Kent Lumsden and Gunnar
Stefansson is to support visibility of the supply chain information types.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate how much the smart transportation management (STM)
systems are affecting visibility of different value-adding supply chain information types (SCIT).
A literature study was conducted to identify the STM systems’ cornerstones and the value-
adding supply chain information types. Interviews with logistics managers of Swedish industrial
and retailing companies were conducted to evaluate how much visibility of different SCITs is
affected by using the STM systems. http://www.bth.se/tek/intelligent_gods.nsf/bilagor/art

Transportation Management Systems: An Exploration of Progress and Future Prospects by

Thomas J. Goldsby and Stanley E. Griffis.

This research reports the experiences of both adopters and non-adopters of transportation
management system (TMS) technology. TMS adopters represent a diverse array of companies,
with a surprisingly high percentage of adopters using outsourced services for decision support
activities. Motives for adoption tend to align with the firm’s strategic needs though functionality
focuses on the shipper’s day-to-day operational needs. While expectations of system
performance and return on investment vary greatly, TMS users illustrate a generally high level of
satisfaction. Non-adopters view decision support for transportation activities as a low priority.
The article explores future prospects for TMS development and adoption.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265086672_Transportation_Management_Systems_An
_Exploration_of_Progress_and_Future_Prospects

Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems: Technology, Planning, and Operations focuses on

questions like below:

How is the era of information, communication technology and big data changing the way we use
various sensors to monitor roadway traffic?

Sensors equipped in vehicles are providing various Vehicle Sensor Data (VSD) including
location-based data (LB-VSD) such as location, speed and moving direction, and surrounding
traffic data (ST-VSD) under Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAV) environment.
http://explore.tandfonline.com/cfp/est/gits-si-vehicle-sensor-data-based-transportation-research-
modelling-analysi?utm_source=TFO&utm_medium=cms&utm_campaign=JMG01626

Transportation Research, Emerging Technologies by Elsevier Ltd.

The focus of Transportation Research is high-quality, scholarly research that addresses

development, applications, and implications, in the field of transportation, of emerging
technologies from such fields as operations research, computer science, electronics, control
systems, artificial intelligence, and telecommunications, among others. The interest is not in the
individual technologies or methodologies per se, but in their ultimate implications for the
planning, design, operation, control, management, maintenance and rehabilitation of
transportation systems, services and components.

http://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=20893&tip=sid&clean=0

Transportation Journal by American Society of Transportation and Logistics.

Transportation Journal is published quarterly by the AST&L to disseminate research findings

and original writings on transportation, logistics, and related fields. Manuscripts are sought from
educators, professionals working in the field, and government officials. The editorial review
board strives to balance the Journal, to keep it practical for business people who need usable
information in a forthright format, yet scholarly enough to stimulate educators. In addition, there
is a book review section which provides information to help you sort through the plethora of
professional reading material and find those books which you should spend your time studying.
Each Winter Issue contains an index of all articles published the preceding year.

http://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=20869&tip=sid&clean=0

The journal Transportation focuses on issues of relevance to the formulation of policy, the
preparation and evaluation of plans, and the day-to-day operational management of transport
systems. It concerns itself with the policies and systems themselves, as well as with their impacts
on and relationships with other aspects of the social, economic and physical environment. Its
mission is simply to help improve the transportation of people and goods by bringing an
improved understanding of the subject to the theorists, practitioners and policy makers who study
it. https://link.springer.com/journal/11116
 4. Aims and objectives

The main aim of this project is to develop a flexible and cost reliable system for better
management of the transportation and passenger.

To able to accomplish this aim, there will be several objectives that need to follow.

 Buy ticket through the App.

 Checks the seat availability for long distance travel.
 Rechargeable.
 Can be verified through simple registration.
 Travelling cost will always be constant preventing fare evasion.
 5. Research Questions

Research question defines the whole process of the assignment and guides your arguments and
inquiry. There will be two types of categories with these question, which are Domain research
questions and Technical research question. Within the question itself, there will be classified into
‘User Question’ and ‘Researcher Question’.

Domain Research Question

User Question

1. How often do you take bus transport as a transport measure?

a. Daily
b. About once a week
c. Rarely
d. Never
2. How satisfied are you with the city bus service schedule?
a. Satisfied
b. Not Satisfied
3. How satisfied are you with the city bus service routes?
a. Satisfied
b. Not Satisfied
4. How satisfied are you with the city bus service costs?
a. Satisfied
b. Not Satisfied
Researcher Question

 Does the software engineer have knowledge about the secure coding?
 Does the software engineer know how to create an application of bus management
system?
 What kind of application Interface Design that Researcher wants to build?

Technical Question
 What operating system will be needed to open this application? Does it have specific spec
that need to be fulfilled?
 What kind of programming language will be used to develop this system?
 Does there any prototype system will be launched to get feedback from the customer? If
it does, how you collect the feedback comment?
 How long would it take to complete the system? Will there any special features which is
new and interesting?

https://www.scribd.com/document/113195739/Research-Method-APIIT-APU
 6. Research Design

In the final year, there will be two stage of doing research data which are the first stage and
second stage. In the primary research, there will be questionnaire, user survey based on internet
or face to face will be applied to gather information. The questionnaire will be self-administered
type which will distribute through internet or mail. This benefit of this technique is to investigate
the interest of the user towards this field and also understand what the user need.

The sampling method will be using is self-selection. This kind of sampling mostly will use
internet to publish and get result from the user who do the sampling. The self-section sampling
also can send through email and get their feedback when replied. The advantages of this
sampling method are to save up time where you could select the recipients whom you find
suitable for. On the other hand, the potential unit or people will likely take part to the study
where they can help in providing more opinion and comment to the sampling question.

Fig: Distribution of public land transport.

The system design will take the following mapping when ready.

Fig: Mapping of System Design

Gantt Chart

Fig: Gantt Chart

 7. Personal Reflection/Conclusion

There are several limitations which will be encountered by the developer of Transportation (Bus)
Management System. One of the limitation for the developer is, the developer must acquire
knowledge on creating web application and need to familiar with some programming language
such as Java, HTML 5, C++. Without the knowledge of programming language, the developer
might face difficulties while developing an online system which will enable user to have real
time connection.

Furthermore the proposed bus management system is still consider on babe growing stage in the
market nowadays, it’s hard to researcher to find information about how to create an ideal system.
To use this system widely, stability and maintenance are the most important issues needed to be
considered.

An application need server to host in order to get fast respond from the website, thus the
researcher need to rent a server which can use to host the app. The limitation could be the price
of hosting a website. Even though there is some free hosting server available for website,
however the performance and stability could be challenged.

At last, Cloud based transportation management system, enables customer to check availability
bus ticket, buy bus ticket, and pay bus ticket online. It makes the customer easy to get bus ticket
online instead of queue up to buy the bus ticket.
8. References
9. Marking Criteria

Problem Definition (Forum 1) 15%

Criteria Marks Allocated
Title, Aims and Objectives
Problem Statement & Preliminary Research
Presentation

Research Proposal Report 70%

Criteria Marks Allocated
Final Problem Background Research and Discussion
Literature Review
Research Questions
Research Design
Personal Reflection
Documentation Standards
Referencing

Presentation of Proposal 15%

Criteria Marks Allocated
Explanation & Justification of proposal
Q&A
Presentation