Abstract:

The aim of the research project is to build a smart vehicle infrastructure that minimizes the
shortcomings of current methods, raises the safety of automobiles and people, prevents
accidental injuries, and minimizes any possible benefits/problems associated with smart vehicle
architecture. The smart vehicle system involves a car sensor technology able to convey the status
of the vehicle to its driver following a collision using the GSM/GPRS system. The device
includes a fire sensor, gas sensor, fuel level unit, speed sensor, alcohol sensor, and MEMS sensor
that detects various vehicle parameters is attached to a microcontroller that collects information
about the vehicle and its location. If the engine catches on fire, the sensor will alert the driver's
preferred contacts by text message.

Methodology:

The system consists of a GPS positioning system, a module that attaches to the IOT, and a GSM
board. The gas sensor senses the gas emitted due to over contamination and the microprocessor
board calculates the proportion and if it is higher than the specified limit as per the Bharat Stage
6 norms, the GPS device gets triggered and the coordinates of the vehicle's position are noted
and is sent to the nearby traffic control division and a warning signal will be received to the
driver. This system will log the moment and place when these alerts are going off, and will store
these warnings before the warnings go off again, or if the emissions goes over 3 times or the
airborne pollutants in the car reach 3 times the cars' cap. If it does, it will carry the driver to a
safe zone. Using the IoT technologies, there would be a protected zone which will detect a
patient's room automatically. In addition, there is a signal tracking sensor, which monitors the
engine speed and sends signals to the micro controller board. Whenever it is sensed that a "high
density" area has been crossed, the GPS and home "IoT" controllers slow down the vehicle
engine to the specified "safe" level.
Block diagram:

POWER LCD DISPLAY

SUPPLY

FIRE SPEED
SENSOR BUTTON

GAS
SENSOR DC MOTOR
ARDUINO UNO
R3
ALCOHOL
SENSOR
GPS MODULE

                            

MEMS
SENSOR

GSM MODEM

FUEL (IOT)
LEVEL
UNIT

IGNITION BUZZER
KEY UNIT

DETAILED DESCRIPTION:

When the vehicle's engine is ignited, the Microcontroller's CO gas detector sensor and the MQ-9
CO gas control device are enabled. Instead of a socket, the microcontroller is designed to have
three functions: Input compare, timer and to turn on the sensor or warning which will sound off
at the end of a proper period of time. The microcontroller provides two inputs; an output from
the smoke sensor's signal and its own output. Another being the pre-defined threshold value
stated by the government as per the version of health norms the country As the smoke sensor
output is above a certain level and gets higher or lower rapidly, a set of microcontroller and IoT
hardware delivers the software that is working off a GPS module, the driver's seat location, the
ISP data and various other wireless networks and a data logger. The data logger could also cause
a warning as the car races to the stop sign to notify the driver as to the road blocks he is going
through and what the problems are with his vehicle's engine, GPS and the other correlated
hardware. The timer is activated along with the GPS device, which aids in finding the closest gas
station in case the car has run out of petrol. If the timer runs out, a trigger pulse is produced by
the microcontroller which is fed to the engine control module of the vehicle, so as to control the
fuel injector, which in turn decreases the flow of fuel to the engine, as a result of which, the
speed of the vehicle is lowered down. The key function of the fuel injector is to minimize the
supply of fuel to the engine after the emission cap has been exceeded.

When the emission level exceeds the limit, a warning signal is transmitted to the GPS by the
microcontroller. The GPS transmission device is programmed in such a way that, when it
receives a trigger warning, it indicates the closest service stations where the car can be taken for
servicing. The MQ-9 gas sensor will assess the emission values from the smoke. The pollution
values used to be the same but have decreased over time. A warning sign will be activated,
sending anyone who will get a notice that the car will run out of gas concurrently with the beep
sound and stop upon approaching a safe zone. If the vehicle is stopped at a certain distance from
any other moving vehicle, then the engine will immediately shut off. If the vehicle does not stop
safely in the protected zone, the fuel control unit will shut off the fuel inlet to the engine. The
GPS coordinates are tracked and an SMS will be sent to as a result this might be the RTO and
owner of the vehicle. A GSM module exists that will have the RTO contact the SMS when the
smoke value exceeds the pre-defined threshold. This SMS is a notification that pollution levels
are too high and it's time to begin a response. To avoid being in an accident, the speed of the
vehicle is monitored by the speed sensor and the speed is automatically decreased as soon as
entering an accident prone zone or densely populated area. Whenever an over populated area is
detected by the GPS and IoT, the speed of the vehicle is decreased accordingly to make sure the
vehicle can make the turns safely.
The previous technologies had a major drawback that if the vehicle's emission rate rises above a
certain level, the vehicle will stop at certain distance and must be towed to the nearby service
station. Using this technology, it would make it possible for police to display a message to the
driver with details such as whether the car is over polluting, and if so, how much, while it sends a
different message to the GSM board saying that the vehicle is over polluting.