CONTENTS

1 Chapter I Introduction (Chris & Yong)

1 I.1 Purpose and Organization of the Guidebook
1 I.1.1 Purpose
2 I.1.2 Organization of the Guidebook
2 I.2 Previous Terminal Planning Guides
3 I.3 Current Need for Terminal Planning Guidance
5 I.4 Retrospective
8 I.5 Airline Deregulation

9 Chapter II Terminal Planning and Design Process (Su Leng & Joan)
9 II.1 Defining the Terminal Complex
9 II.1.1 Airside Terminal Facilities
11 II.1.2 Terminal Building Facilities
12 II.1.3 Landside Terminal Facilities
13 II.2 Terminal Planning and Design Project Process
13 II.2.1 Types of Projects
15 II.2.2 Types of Services
16 II.2.3 Typical Project Approach
20 II.2.4 Goals and Objectives
21 II.2.5 Demand Forecasts
22 II.2.6 Facilities Programming
23 II.2.7 Conceptual Planning
30 II.2.8 Design Process
31 II.2.9 Value Engineering
31 II.2.10 Construction Process
33 II.2.11 Approval and Certification

34 Chapter III Planning Considerations

34 III.1 Airport Master Plan (Chris & Yong)
34 III.1.1 Airport Demand Forecasts
35 III.1.2 Airfield Configuration
37 III.1.3 Other Land Use Considerations
39 III.2 Land Use Compatibility (Chris & Yong)
39 III.2.1 Regional Land Use Plans
40 III.2.2 Community Land Use Plans
41 III.2.3 Other Land Use Compatibility Issues
42 III.3 Ground Access Transportation (Chris & Yong)
43 III.3.1 Regional Airport System Plan
43 III.3.2 Regional Transportation Plan
43 III.3.3 Airport Ground Access System
45 III.3.4 Intermodal Connections
45 III.4 Terminal Site Planning (Chris & Yong)
45 III.4.1 Airfield Considerations
46 III.4.2 Landside Considerations
47 III.4.3 Utilities Considerations
49 III.5 Airport Security (Rueben & Khin)
50 III.6 Information Technology and Communications (Rueben & Khin)
51 III.7 Environmental Protection (Rueben & Khin)
51 III.7.1 National Environmental Policy Act
53 III.7.2 Environmental Considerations in Passenger Terminal Planning—NEPA
57 III.7.3 Environmental Regulatory Considerations in Terminal Planning—Other than NEPA
58 III.7.4 Relationship of Environmental Sustainability to NEPA
59 III.8 Sustainability (Rueben & Khin)
60 III.8.1 LEED Certification for Airport Terminals
60 III.8.2 Sustainability in the Planning and Design Process
62 III.8.3 Major Elements of Sustainability for Terminal Planning and Design
68 III.9 Business Planning (Pang C H)
68 III.9.1 Business Considerations
71 III.9.2 Funding Options
73 III.9.3 Concessions Planning

80 Chapter IV Forecasts
81 IV.1 Methodology (Anny)
81 IV.1.1 Share Analysis
82 IV.1.2 Trend Analysis
82 IV.1.3 Regression Analysis and Econometric Modeling
83 IV.2 Data Sources (Anny)
83 IV.2.1 Airport Records
84 IV.2.2 Socioeconomic Data
84 IV.2.3 Flight Activity Data
85 IV.2.4 Airline Surveys
85 IV.2.5 Passenger Surveys
86 IV.2.6 Other Sources
87 IV.3 Typically Forecasted Information and Forecast Validation Issues (Kueh L K)
87 IV.3.1 Passengers
87 IV.3.2 Belly Cargo and Mail
87 IV.3.3 Aircraft Operations
88 IV.3.4 Benchmarking and Stakeholder Buy-in
89 IV.3.5 Planning Activity Levels
89 IV.4 Peak Hour Demand Analysis (Kueh L K)
89 IV.4.1 Defining the Design Hour
90 IV.4.2 Estimating Design Hour Passenger Activity
94 IV.4.3 Determining Design Hour Aircraft Operations
94 IV.4.4 Developing Design Day Flight Schedules

96 Chapter V Terminal Airside Facilities

96 V.1 Airside Planning Requirements (Liu Feng)
96 V.1.1 FAR Part 77 and TERPS Requirements
101 V.1.2 Aircraft Maneuvering and Separations
101 V.1.3 Air Traffic Control Tower Line-of-Sight
102 V.1.4 Emergency Equipment Access Roads
103 V.1.5 Airside Security
108 V.1.6 Aircraft Apron/Gate Access Points
109 V.1.7 Aircraft Deicing
109 V.1.8 Electronic Interference
110 V.2 Terminal Apron Planning Criteria (Soe M S)
110 V.2.1 Aircraft Gates and Parking Positions
112 V.2.2 Aircraft Gate Wingtip Clearances
112 V.2.3 Aircraft Parking Guidance Systems
113 V.2.4 Apron Pavement Design
113 V.2.5 Blast Fences
113 V.2.6 Apron Service Roads
117 V.2.7 Aircraft Servicing
120 V.2.8 Ground Service Equipment Storage
121 V.2.9 Apron Lighting
122 V.2.10 Apron Snow Removal
123 V.3 Aircraft Gate Requirements (Liu Feng)
123 V.3.1 Aircraft Gate Types
127 V.3.2 Aircraft Push-back Zones
128 V.3.3 Power-out and Power-back Operations
128 V.3.4 Taxi-in and Push-back Operations
129 V.3.5 Tug-in Operations
129 V.3.6 Apron Circulation
130 V.3.7 Jet Blast Effects and Mitigation
130 V.3.8 Forecasting Gate Demand Using Design Day Flight Schedules
131 V.3.9 Forecasting Gate Demand Without Using Design Day Flight Schedules
134 V.3.10 Gate Equivalents

138 Chapter VI Terminal Building Facilities

139 VI.1 Terminal Planning and Design Considerations (Jeannie & Yi Heng)
139 VI.1.1 Mission
145 VI.1.2 Balance
146 VI.1.3 Level of Service
151 VI.1.4 Passenger Convenience
153 VI.1.5 Flexibility
161 VI.1.6 Terminal Security
165 VI.1.7 Wayfinding and Terminal Signage
166 VI.1.8 Accessibility
167 VI.1.9 Maintenance
168 VI.2 Terminal Concept Development (Jeannie & Yi Heng)
171 VI.2.1 Terminal Concept Types
183 VI.2.2 Flow Sequences
191 VI.3 Terminal Facility Requirements (Jashir)
192 VI.3.1 Level of Service Related to Passenger Flow
194 VI.3.2 Ticket/Check-in Lobby
203 VI.3.3 Passenger Screening
207 VI.3.4 Holdrooms
210 VI.3.5 Concessions
211 VI.3.6 Passenger Amenities
212 VI.3.7 Domestic Baggage Claim
217 VI.3.8 International Arrivals Facilities—Federal Inspection Services
224 VI.3.9 Public Spaces
227 VI.3.10 Circulation
233 VI.3.11 Airline Areas
236 VI.3.12 Baggage Handling
238 VI.3.13 Checked Baggage Screening
240 VI.3.14 Support Areas
243 VI.3.15 Gross Terminal Area Planning Factors
244 VI.4 Other Facility Considerations (Lee N H)
244 VI.4.1 Baggage Handling Systems
260 VI.4.2 Information Technology Systems
273 VI.5 Additional Considerations (Lee N H)
273 VI.5.1 Building Systems
274 VI.5.2 Airport Terminals and the Arts

275 Chapter VII Terminal Landside Facilities

276 VII.1 Transportation/Traffic Planning (Soe M S)
276 VII.1.1 Data Collection
278 VII.1.2 Analysis and Evaluation
279 VII.1.3 Ground Access Plan Development
280 VII.2 Intermodal Connections (Soe M S)
280 VII.2.1 Rail/Transit
281 VII.2.2 Commercial Vehicles/Transit Staging Areas
282 VII.3 Airport Roadway Systems (Soe M S)
282 VII.3.1 Entrance/Exit Roadways (Airport Access Road)
283 VII.3.2 Terminal Approach Roads
283 VII.3.3 Terminal Curbfront
284 VII.3.4 Recirculation Roads
284 VII.3.5 Service Roads
285 VII.3.6 General Guidelines for Airport Roadways
286 VII.4 Terminal Curb Requirements (Vincent Lee)
286 VII.4.1 Curb Pedestrian Facilities
287 VII.4.2 Curb Vehicle Facilities
291 VII.5 Parking Facility Requirements (Vincent Lee)
291 VII.5.1 Passenger Parking
293 VII.5.2 Employee/Tenant Parking
293 VII.5.3 Rental Car Parking
294 VII.6 Roadway Circulation and Wayfinding (Vincent Lee)
294 VII.6.1 Circulation Flow and Analysis
294 VII.6.2 Decision Points
294 VII.6.3 Sign Locations
295 VII.7 Landside Security (Vincent Lee)
295 VII.7.1 Access Roadway and Terminal Curbside
296 VII.7.2 Multi-modal Connections
297 VII.7.3 Parking Facilities
298 References
A-1 Appendix A Checklists (for Planning and Design)
B-1 Appendix B Other Pertinent ACRP Studies
C-1 Appendix C FAA White Papers
D-1 Appendix D Aircraft Types and Key Dimensional Criteria
E-1 Appendix E Dimensions of Airline Equipment
(Bag Carts and Containers, etc.)
F-1 Appendix F Regulations
G-1 Appendix G Issues and Trends
H-1 Appendix H Acronyms
I-1 Appendix I Glossary