Aira Genmath

11
General
Mathematics
Second Quarter
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page i

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Learning Activity Sheet in General Mathematics
Grade 11
Copyright @ 2020
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PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page ii

Table of Contents
Competency Page Number
Illustrates simple and compound interests 1

Distinguishes between simple and compound interests 8
Computes interest, maturity value, future value, and present
value in simple interest and compound interest environment 15
Solves problems involving simple and compound interests 23
Illustrates and distinguishes simple and general annuities 30
Finds the future value and present value of both simple annuities
and general annuities 33
Describes the different markets for stocks and bonds 42
Calculate the fair market of a cash flow stream that includes annuity 49
Calculates the present value and period of deferral of a
deferred annuity 58
Analyzes the different market indices for stocks and bonds 65
Distinguishes and solves problems involving business and consumer
loans (amortization, mortgage) 69
Illustrates and symbolizes propositions 77
Distinguishes between simple and compound propositions 81
Performs the different types of operations on propositions. 85
illustrate different types of tautologies and fallacies and determine
the validity of categorical syllogisms 91
Establishes the validity and falsity of real-life arguments using
logical propositions, syllogisms, and fallacies. 99
PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page iii

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Name: ______________________ Grade: ___________
Section: ____________________ Date : ___________
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

ILLUSTRATE SIMPLE AND COMPOUND INTEREST
Background Information of Learners

Interest is the cost of borrowing money where the borrower pays a fee to the lender for
the money borrowed. It is usually expressed as a percentage either simple or compounded.
Simple interest is an interest that is computed on principal and then added to it. On the other
hand, in the compound interest the interest is computed on the principal and also on the
accumulated past interests.
In this learning activity sheet, we will try to illustrate how simple interest and compound
interest differ.
Learning Competency
Illustrate Simple and Compound Interest (Quarter 2, Week 1): LC Code: M11GM-11a-1
Activity 1: BLAST from the PAST

Directions: Answer the following questions.
1. What is the equivalent of 30% in decimal form?
2. What is the equivalent of the decimal number 0.125 into percent?
3. What percent of 24 is 12?
4. How do we convert a percent to decimal?
5. How do we convert a decimal to percent?
PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page 1

Activity 2: Complete Me!
Directions: Illustrate simple interest and compound interest by completing the given table.
SIMPLE INTEREST (Annual)
Time Principal (P) Interest Simple Interest Amount after t
(t) Rate (r) years
Solution Answer
(maturity Value)
1 P 5,000.00 4% P 5,000.00 P 200.00 P5,000.00+200.00
(0.04)(1) = P 5,200.00
2 P 5,000.00 4% P 5,000.00 P 400.00 P5,000.00+400.00
(0.04)(2) = P 5,400.00
3 P 5,000.00 4% P 5,000.00 P 600.00 P5,000.00+600.00
(0.04)(3) = P 5,600.00
4 P 5,000.00 4% P 5,000.00 P 800.00 P5,000.00+800.00
(0.04)(4) =P 5,800.00
5
6
7
8

COMPOUND INTEREST (ANNUAL)
Time Amount at Rate Compound Interest Amount after t years
(t) the start of (r) (maturity Value)
Solution Answer
year t
1 P5,000.00 4% P5,000.00 P 200.00 P 5,000.00 + 200.00
(0.04)(1) = P 5,200.00
2 P5,200.00 4% P5,200.00 P 208.00 P 5,200+208.00
(0.04)(1) = P5,408.00
3 P5,408.00 4% P P5,408.00 P 216.32 P5,408.00+216.32
(0.04)(1) =P 5,624.32
4
5
6
7
8
Activity 3: Dig Deeper

Directions: Analyze and illustrate the given situation using the table provided and answer the
questions that follow.
1. Suppose you want to invest php 10, 000.00 in the bank for 6 years. The Land bank of
the Philippines (LBP) offers 12% annual simple interest rate per year. Banco De Oro
offers 12 % compounded annually. Which will you choose and Why?
SIMPLE INTEREST (ANNUAL)
(t) Rate (r) years
Solution Answer
(maturity Value)
1
2
3
4
5
6

Solution Answer
year t
1
2
3
4
5
6
Questions:
1. Which will you choose and Why?
__________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2. How do you find simple Interest?
In Symbols: ________________________________________________
3. How do you find compound Interest?
In Symbols: ________________________________________________
4. How do you find the maturity value in simple interest?

In Symbols: ________________________________________________
5. How do you find the maturity value in simple interest?
In Symbols: ________________________________________________
Reflection:
1. How did you find the activity?
_____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
References:
DepEd General Mathematics Learner’s material
DepEd Learner’s Material for Grade 9
Oronce, Orlando A., RBS General Mathematics First Edition

Answer Key
Activity 1.
1. 0.3
2. 12.5%
3. 50%
4. To convert percent to decimal, drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
two places to the left.
5. To convert decimal to percent, move the decimal point two places to the right.
Activity 2
SIMPLE INTEREST (Annual)
Time Principal Interest Simple Interest Amount after t years
(t) (P) Rate (r) (maturity Value)
Solution Answer
5 P 5,000.00 4% P 5,000.00 P 1,000.00 P5,000.00+1,000.00
(0.04)(5) =P 6,000.00
6 P 5,000.00 4% P 5,000.00 P 1,200.00 P5,000.00+1,200.00
(0.04)(6) =P 6,200.00
7 P 5,000.00 4% P 5,000.00 P 1,400.00 P5,000.00+1,400.00
(0.04)(7) =P 6,400.00
8 P 5,000.00 4% P 5,000.00 P 1,600.00 P5,000.00+1,600.00
(0.04)(8) =P 6,600.00

Solution Answer
year t
5 P5,849.29 4% P 5,849.29 P 233.97 P 5,849.29+ 233.97
(0.04)(1) = P 6,083.26
6 P6,083.26 4% P6,083.26 P 243.33 P 6,083.26+ 243.33
(0.04)(1) = P 6,326.59
7 P6,326.59 4% P 6,326.59 P253.06 P 6,326.59 +253.06
(0.04)(1 = P6,579.65
8 P6,579.65 4% P P6,579.65 P263.19 P6,579.65+ 263.19
(0.04)(1 =P 6,842.84

Activity 3:
SIMPLE INTEREST (ANNUAL)
(t) Rate (r) years
Solution Answer
(maturity Value)
1 P 10,000.00 12% P 10,000.00 P 1,200.00 P 10,000.00
(0.12)(1) +1,200.00=
P11,200.00
2 P 10,000.00 12% P 10,000.00 P 2,400.00 P 10,000+2,400.00
(0.12)(2) = P12,400.00
3 P 10,000.00 12% P 10,000.00 P 3,600.00 P
(0.12)() 10,000+3,600.00=
P13,600.00
4 P 10,000.00 12% P 10,000.00 P 4,800.00 P 10,000.00
(0.12)(4) +4,800.00=
P14,800.00
5 P 10,000.00 12% P 10,000.00 P 6,000.00 P 10,000+6,000.00
(0.12)(5) = P16,000.00
6 P 10,000.00 12% P 10,000.00 P 7,200.00 P
(0.12)(6) 10,000+7,200.00=
P17,200.00

Solution Answer
year t
1 P 12% P10,000.00 P P 10,000.00 + 1,200.00=
10,000.00 (0.12)(1) 1,200.00 P11,200.00
2 P 12% P 11,200.00 P P 11,200.00+ 1,344.00
11,200.00 (0.12)(1) 1,344.00 =P 12,544.00
3 P 12% P 12,544.00 P P 12,544.00+ 1,505.28
12,544.00 (0.12)(1) 1,505.28 =P 14,049.28

4 P 12% P 14,049.28 P P 14,049.28+ 1,685.91=
14,049.28 (0.12)(1) 1,685.91 P 15,735.19
5 P 12% P 15,735.19 P P 15,735.19
15,735.19 (0.12)(1) 1,888.22 + 1`,888.22=
P 17,623.41
6 P 12% P 17,623.41 P P 17,623.41 + 2,114.81=
17,623.41 (0.12)(1) 2,114.81 P 19,738.22
Questions:
1. Answers vary
2. Simple Interest is the product of the principal, rate and time
I= Pr
3. A= P + I ; A= P + Prt ; A= P(1+rt)
where: A =maturity value; P =principal and I= interest
r =rate and t =time
4. Compound Interest: Ic= A-P
5. A=P +Pr=P(1+r) * at the end of the year
A= P( 1+r)t *If compounded annually for n years
𝑟
A= P (1+ 𝑘)kt * If compounding k times per year.
where: A =maturity value; P =principal and I= interest

r =rate and t =time; r/k= rate per compounding and kt= number of
compounding

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Name: ______________________ Grade: ___________
Section: ____________________ Date : ___________

DISTINGUISHES BETWEEN SIMPLE AND COMPOUND INTEREST
Background Information of Learners

. In the previous illustrations of simple and compound interest, we learned that simple
interest is an interest that is computed on principal and then added to it. On the other hand,
compound interest the interest is computed on the principal and also on the accumulated past
interests.
Hence, this learning activity sheet will help you distinguish between simple interest
and compound interest.
Remember:
Simple Interest: I= Pr
Maturity Value: A= P + I ; A= P + Prt ; A= P(1+rt)
Compound Interest: Ic= A-P
Maturity (future) Value : A=P +Pr=P(1+r) * at the end of the year
A= P( 1+r)t * Compounded annually for n years
𝑟
A= P (1+ 𝑘)kt * If compounded k times per year
Learning Competency
Distinguishes Between Simple and Compound Interest (Quarter 2, Week 1): LC
Code: M11GM-11a-2
Illustrative Examples:
1. How much interest would Maria pay to her loan amounting to php 20,000 for 3 years
at 6% per year at simple interest?
Given: P=20, 000.00
r= 6%= 0.06
t= 3 years
Solution: I= Prt
= 20,000.00 x 0.06 x 3
I= php 3, 600.00
Therefore, the interest of her loan at the end of 3 years is php 3,600.00
2. Find the future value and the amount of interest if php 20,000 was loaned for a period
of 3 years with interest of 6% compounded annually.

Given: A=?
I=?
P-php 20,000.00
r=6%=0.06
t=3
Solution: A= P(1+r)t
A= 20,000 ( 1 + 0.06)3
A= 20,000 (1,06)3 = php 23,820.32
Therefore the interest at the end of 3 years is
I= A-P
I= 23, 820.32-20,000.00
I= 3,820.32
Activity 1: Check My Understanding!

Directions: Determine whether each problem involve simple interest or compound interest.
Put a check i(/) in the column.
Simple interest Compound Interest
1. Mr. Edo invested
php 30,000 to an
account that pays 4%
annually. How much
is the amount interest
at the end of the
year?
2. What is the interest
rate is being charge
if Mario applies a
loan amounting to
php 60,000.00and
pays interest of php
9,000.00 in 3 years
3. What is the interest
of php 38,000.00 if
invested at 4%
compounded
annually in 2 years?
4. What is the future
value of php 18,000
at 6% in 2 years

compounded semi-
annually?
5. What are the rate of
interest and maturity
value of php
28,000.00 if its earns
php 2,240.00 in a
year?
Activity 2: How well Do You know Me?

Directions: From the given problems in activity1, answer the questions below.
1. Mr. Edo invested php 30,000 to an account that pays 4% annually. How much is the
amount of interest at the end of the year?
a. P=?
b. r=?
c. I=?
d. t=?
e. What kind of interest was applied, simple or compound? ______________
f. What can you infer from your answer?
___________________________________________________________
2. What is the interest rate is being charge if Mario applies a loan amounting to php
60,000.00and pays interest of php 9,000.00 in 3 years?
a. r=?
b. P=?
c. I=?
d. t=
e. What kind of interest was applied, simple or compound? _____________
f. What does your answer implies?
___________________________________________________________
3. What is the interest of php 38,000.00 if invested at 4% compounded annually in 2
years?
a. I =?
b. P=?
c. r=?
d. t=?
e. k=?
f. What kind of interest was applied, simple or compound?_______
g. What did you observe from the interest in 2 years?
_____________________________________________________
4. At the end year what is the future value of php 18,000 at 6% compounded semi-
annually?
a. A=?
b. P=?
c. r=?

d. k=?
e. What kind of interest was applied, simple or compound?____________
f. How is the interest at the end of the year?
_________________________________________________
5. What are the rate of interest and maturity value of php 28,000.00 if its earns php
2,240.00 in a year?
a. r=?
b. A=?
c. P=?
d. I=?
e. t=?
f. What kind of interest was applied, simple or compound? ________
g. What can you infer from your answers?
_________________________________________________
Activity 3: Performance Tasks

Directions: Complete the table below using the simple and compound interest.
1.Find the future value of php 15,000 at 8% compounded annually for 6 years.
Time (year) Principal at the start Interest Amount
of the year (At the end of the
year)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Describe the data under the “Amount ( at the end of the years)”

2.Find the maturity value of php 15,000 at 8% per year at a simple interest for 6 years.
Time (year) Principal Accumulated Amount Due
Interest
Describe the data under the “Amount Due”

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Reflection:
1.In your own understanding, how can you distinguish between simple and compound
interest? Explain
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. If you were given a chance to invest your money what is your preference Simple or
compound interest? Why?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
References:
DepEd General Mathematics Learner’s material
DepEd Learner’s Material for Grade 9
Oronce, Orlando A., RBS General Mathematics First Edition

Answer Key
Activity 1.
Item number Simple Interest Compound Interest
1 /
2 /
3 /
4 /
5 /
Activity 2
1. a. P= 30,000.00
b. r= 4%=0.04
c. I= Prt= 30,000(0.04)(1)= 1,200.00
d. t= 1year
e. simple interest
𝑰
2. a. r = 𝒑𝒕 = 9,000.00/60,000.00 (3)= 0.05= 5%
b. P=60,000.00
c. I= 9,000.00
d. t=3 years
e. simple interest
3. a. I= A-P but A=P(1+r/k)kt= 𝟑𝟖, 𝟎𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎 (𝟏. 𝟎𝟒)1(2)=41,100.80
Therefore: I=3,100.80
b. P=38,000.00
c. r= 4%=0.04
d. t= 2years
e. k=1 (annually)
f. compound interest
4. a. A=19,096.20
b. P=18,000.00
c. r=6%=0.06
d. K= 2( semi-annually)
e. t= 1 year
f. compound interest

5. a. r=8%=0.08
b. A=30,240.00
c. P= 28,000.00
d. I=2,240.00
e. t= 1 year
f. simple interest
Activity 3: Performance Tasks
1.
Time (year) Principal at the start Interest Amount
of the year (At the end of the
year)
1 15 000.00 1 200.00 16 200.00
2 16 200.00 1 296.00 17 496.00
3 17 496.00 1 399.68 18 895.68
4 18 895.68 1 511.65 20 407.33
5 20 407.33 1 632.59 22 039.92
6 22 039.92 1 763.19 23 803,11
Time (year) Principal Accumulated Amount Due
Interest
1 15 000.00 1 200.00 16 200.00
2 15 000.00 2 400.00 17 400.00
3 15 000.00 3 600.00 18 600.00
4 15 000.00 4 800.00 19 800.00
5 15 000.00 6 000.00 21 000.00
6 15 000.00 7 200.00 22 200.00

GENERAL MATHEMATICS 11
Name of Learner:_____________________ Grade Level:________

Section:_____________________________ Score:_____________

SIMPLE AND COMPOUND INTEREST
Background Information for Learners

In this activity sheet, you examine and compare the simple and compound methods of
calculating interest. This will also help you decide on what investment will pay you most over
time or will give you low interest as much as possible when you borrow money.
Simple Interest
𝑰𝒔 = 𝑷𝒓𝒕
where,
𝐼𝑠 = simple interest
𝑃= principal
𝑟= rate
𝑡= term or time, in years
Maturity (Future) Value
𝑭 = 𝑷 + 𝑰𝒔 or 𝑭 = 𝑷(𝟏 + 𝒓𝒕)
where,
𝑃= maturity (future) value
𝐼𝑠 = simple interest
𝑟= rate
Example 1. Find the interest and maturity value if Sara deposits ₱20,000 at a bank for 3 year
at an interest rate of 4% per year.
𝑰𝒔 = 𝑷𝒓𝒕
=(20,000)(0.04)(3)
𝑰𝒔 =2,400

𝑭 = 𝑷 + 𝑰𝒔 or 𝑭 = 𝑷(𝟏 + 𝒓𝒕)
= (20,000) (2,400) =(20,000)[(1+(.04)(3))
𝑭 = 22,400 𝑭 = 22,400
Thus, after 3 years, the ₱20,000 deposited in the bank will earn an interest of ₱2,400, therefore,
the money will grow to ₱22,400.
Maturity (Future) Value and Compound Interest
𝑭 = 𝑷(𝟏 + 𝒓)𝒕
where,
𝑃= Principal or present value
𝐹= maturity (future) value at the end of the term
𝑟= interest rate
Compound Interest
𝑰𝒄 = 𝑭 − 𝑷
where,
Example 2. Find the maturity value and compound interest if ₱30,000 is invested at 3%
compounded annually for 6 years.
𝑭 = 𝑷(𝟏 + 𝒓)𝒕
=30,000(1+0.03)6
𝑭 =35,821.57
𝑰𝒄 = 𝑭 − 𝑷
= 35,821.57 -30,000
𝑰𝒄 = 5,821.57
Thus, ₱30,000 invested at 3% compounded annually for 6 years will earn an interest of
₱5,821.57. Therefore, the money will grow to ₱35,821.57.

Present Value P at Compound Interest
𝑭
𝑷= 𝒕
= 𝑭(𝟏 + 𝒓)−𝒕
(𝟏 + 𝒓)
where,
𝑟= interest rate
Example 3. Find the present value of ₱70,000 due in 5 years at 10% compounded annually?
𝐹
𝑃=
(1 + 𝑟)𝑡
70,000
=
(1+.10)5
=43,464.49
Therefore, an amount of ₱43,464.49 was originally invested to earn ₱70,000 in 5 years at

10% compounded annually.
Maturity Value, Compounding m times a year
𝑭 = 𝑷(𝟏 + 𝒋)𝒏
where,
𝐹 = maturity (future) value
𝑃= principal
𝑗= interest rate per conversion period
𝑡= number of times interest is compounded
(𝑖)𝑚
Note:𝑗 = ; (𝑖)𝑚 =nominal interest rate (annual rate)
𝑚
m = frequency of conversion
𝑛 = 𝑚𝑡; t = time/term in years
Example 4. Find the maturity value and interest if ₱15,000 is deposited in the bank at 3%
compounded quarterly for 5 years.
.03
𝑭 = 𝑷(𝟏 + 𝒋)𝒏 j= 4 =0.0075; n = mt = 4(5) = 20
= 15,000(1 + .0075)20
=17,417.762

I= F-P
= 17,417.762-15,000
=2,417.762
Hence, ₱15,000 deposited in the bank at 3% compounded quarterly for 5 years will grow to
₱17,417.762. Thus, the interest earned will be ₱2,417.762.
Present Value P at Compound Interest

𝑭
𝑷=
(𝟏 + 𝒋)𝒏
where,
𝐹 = maturity (future) value
𝑃= principal
𝑗= interest rate per conversion period
𝑡= number of times interest is compounded
Example 5.
Find the present value if ₱50,000 due in 5 years if money is invested at 9% compounded semi-
annually.
𝑭 .09
𝑷 = (𝟏+𝒋)𝒏 j= 2 =0.045; n=mt=2(5)=10
50,000
=(1+0.045)10
=32,196.38
Therefore, an amount of ₱32,196.38 was invested at 9% compounded semi-annually due in 5

years.
Learning Competency
The learner computes interest, maturity value, future value, and present
value in simple interest and compound interest environment. M11GM-IIa-b-1

Exercise 1.
Simple Interest
Complete the table by finding the unknown. (2 points each)
Principal (P) Rate (r ) Time (t) Interest (I) Maturity Value (F)
25,000 (1.) 5 10,000 35,000
(2.) 5% 2 9,000 (3.)
36,000 (4.) 6.5 7,020 43,020
40,000 4.5% (5.) 9,000 49,000
(6.) 10% 8 120,000 (7.)
65,000 6% 3 (8) (9.)
250,000 3.5% (10.) 131,250 381,250
Exercise 2.1.
Compound Interest
10,000 9% 5 (1.) (2.)
25,000 3% 4 (3.) (4.)
85,000 3.5% 7 (5.) (6.)
(7.) 5% 10 (8.) 200,000
(9.) 4.5% 15 (10.) 1,000,000
Exercise 2.2.
Principal Nominal Frequency of Interest Time Total number Compound Compound
(P) Rate (r) Conversion rate in of conversions Interest Amount
(m) per Years (n) (I) (F)
period (t)
5,000 12% 12 (1.) 5 (2.) (3.) (4.)

(5.) 10% 6 2.5% 4 (6.) (7.) 27,130.89
50,000 8% 2 (8.) 8 (9.) (10.) (11.)
(12.) 5% 365 (13.) 1 (14.) (15.) 105,242.44
Exercise 3.
Solve the following problems. (3 points each)
1. Ian is investing ₱14,000 for 2 years. The interest rate is 5%. How much interest will Ian
earn after 2 years?

2. Michelle deposits ₱10,000 in an account that earns 8% simple interest. How long will
it take for the total amount in her account to reach ₱12,000?
3. At what simple interest rate will ₱5,000 amount to ₱6,050 in 3 years?
4. Mark invested a certain amount at 5% simple interest per year. After 10 years, he
received an interest of ₱50,000. How much did he invest?
5. Matt is saving for a new car. He invests ₱70,000 into an account that pays 3% interest
compounded annually. How much will he have after 5 years?
6. Karla borrowed ₱80,000 in a bank at 8% compounded annually, how much will she
pay after 3 years?
7. How much money would you need to deposit today at 15% annual interest
compounded annually to have ₱1,500,000 in the account after 9 years?
8. Calculate the present value of ₱100,000 payable in 25 years at 2.4% interest
compounded monthly.
9. In order to have ₱2,000,000 in the bank account after 20 years. How much would a
person have to invest if the money will earn 8% interest compounded semi-annually?
10. Find the future value if ₱50,000 is deposited in a bank at 4% interest compounded
quarterly in 1 year.
Exercise 4.
Solve the following problems completely. (5 points each)
1. Lorraine wants to lend ₱200,000 to Marie at the simple interest rate of 10% for 2 years
and the same amount to James at 10% compounded annually for 2 years. Find the
amount of money that Marie and James will return to Lorraine after 2 years to repay
the loan. Who will pay more and by how much?
2. Calculate and compare the effective rates of interest for saving accounts paying:
(a.) a nominal rate of 3.65%; compounded quarterly
(b.) a nominal rate of 3.5%; compounded monthly
3. Rachel is planning to borrow ₱300,00 in a bank. Bank A is offering 4% compounded
semi-annually while Bank B is offering 3.5% compounded monthly and Bank C is
offering 5% compounded quarterly. If she plans to borrow the money for 4 years.
Which bank should she borrow the money?
4.
Reflection
What meaningful lessons have you learned from this topic??

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Reference for Learners

Verzosa, D.B, et.al (2016). General Mathematics. Quezon City, Manila

Answer Key
Exercise 1.
25,000 (1.) 8% 5 10,000 35,000
(2.)90,000 5% 2 9,000 (3.)99,000
36,000 (4.) 3% 6.5 7,020 43,020
40,000 4.5% (5.) 5 9,000 49,000
(6.)150,000 10% 8 120,000 (7.) 270,000
65,000 6% 3 (8) 11,700 (9.) 76,700
250,000 3.5% (10.) 15 131,250 381,250
Exercise 2.1.
10,000 9% 5 (1.) 5,386.24 (2.) 15,386.24
25,000 3% 4 (3.) 3,137.72 (4.) 28,137.72
85,000 3.5% 7 (5.)23,143.74 (6.) 108,143.74
(7.) 122,782.65 5% 10 (8.) 77,217.35 200,000
(9.) 516,720.44 4.5% 15 (10.) 483,279.56 1,000,000
Exercise 2.2.
Principal Nominal Frequency of Interest Time Total number Compound Compound
(P) Rate (r) Conversion rate in of conversions Interest Amount
(m) per Years (n) (I) (F)
period (t)
5,000 12% 12 1% 5 60 4,083.48 9,083.48

15,000 10% 6 2.5% 4 24 12,130.89 27,130.89
50,000 8% 2 4% 8 16 43,649.06 93,649.06
100,000 5% 365 0.014% 1 365 5,242.44 105,242.44
Exercise 3.
1. I= 1,400 6. P= 426,393.62
2. 2.5 years 7. P=87,753.34
3. 0.07 or 7% 8. P= 54,914.058
4. P=30,695.66 9. P= 416,578.09
5. P= 287,945.87 10. F=52,030.20

Exercise 4
1. Marie (Simple Interest)

P= 200,000
r= 10%
t= 2 years
I= Prt F= I+P
= (200,000)(.10)(2) = 40,000+200,000
= 40,000 = 240,000
Therefore, Marie will repay ₱240,000 to Lorraine after 2 years.
James (Compound Interest)
P=200,000
r=10%
t= 2 years
F=P(1+r)t
= 200,000(1+(.10))2
= 242,000
Therefore, James will repay ₱242,000.
Now, ₱242,000 > ₱240,000, so James will pay more. He will pay 2,000 more than
Marie.
2. (a. )3.65% compounded quarterly

3. Future value
Bank A Bank B Bank C
4%; semi-annually 3.5%; monthly 4.5%; quarterly
₱351,497.81 ₱345,011.83 ₱358,804.44
Since Rachel will borrow the money, she should choose Bank B with the lowest interest
after 4 years.

Name: _____________________ Grade Level: ____
Date: ______________________ Score: _________
Learning Activity Sheet

SOLVES PROBLEMS INVOLVING SIMPLE AND COMPOUND INTERESTS
Interest is a common mathematical ideas which is usually associated to business

mathematics and other related areas. When we deposit money in our bank account or
financial institutions, we get some extra money for our deposits. This extra money is called
the interest.
Similarly when we borrow money from our bank or financial institution, we have to pay
them back something a little extra (other than the amount we borrowed). Again this extra
amount is called interest. (Maths, 2014)
Interest is charged as a percentage of the amount borrowed (or invested) for a certain fixed
period before you repay (or withdraw) your borrowed (or withdrawn) amount. (Maths, 2014)
Interest has two types. First is simple interest given by the formula 𝑨 = 𝑷𝒓𝒕, where A is
the final amount, P is the principal, r is the rate and t is the time or duration. Second type
𝒓
of interest is compound interest given by the formula 𝑨 = 𝑷(𝟏 + 𝒏)𝒏𝒕 , where A is the final
amount, P is the principal, r is rate, t is time or duration and n is number of times interest
applied per time period.
Learning Competency
Solves problems involving simple and compound interests. (M11GM-IIb-2)
Activity 1: SIMPLEST OF THE SIMPLE; Simple Interest Problems
Directions: Answer the following problems by solving for the asked question.
1. Your mom deposited your earnings in a bank which amounted to
Php4, 000. The bank offers an interest of 4.5% every year. How
much your money will earn at the end of 3 years?

2. You borrowed money from your classmate which amounted to
Php3, 000. After 2 years, you paid your classmate an amount of
Php3, 720. What is the rate of interest applies to you loan?
3. Your father bought a car which is Php200, 000 worth. He borrowed

half of it to a bank with an interest rate of 13%. When your father
paid the amount he borrowed, it already amounted to Php278, 000.
How long is the duration of your father’s loan?

Activity 2: Compound Interest Problems
1. A principal amount of Php2, 000 is placed in a savings account at 3% per annum
compounded annually. How much is in the account after 7 yrs?
2. If Php3000 is placed in an account at 5% and is compounded quarterly for 5 years.

How much is in the account at the end of 5 years?

3. Php1200 is placed in an account at 4% compounded annually for 2 years. It is then
withdrawn at the end of the two years and placed in another bank at the rate of 5%
compounded annually for 4 years. What is the balance in the second account after
the 4 years?
Activity 3: Mixed Interest Problems

1. What would Php1000 become in a saving account at 3% per year for 3 years when
the interest is not compounded (simple interest)? What would the same amount
become after 3 years with the same rate but compounded annually? Which kind of
interest earns more money and by how much?

Guide Questions
Rubrics for scoring
Rubric Description Weight
Correctness of the The answer presented is exact to 70%
Answer what is agreed which means it
follows the number of decimals
present in the final answer to avoid
confusion.
Detailed Procedure The procedure was a carefully step 30%
by step procedure not ignoring the
importance of each step.
Generalization
Direction: Using the Venn-Euler Diagram, Illustrate the similarities and differences of
the two types of interest.
Simple Interest Compound Interest
References for the Learners

1. Sunshine Maths (http://www.sunshinemaths.com/topics/financial-
maths/introduction-to-interest/)
2. Onlinemathlearning.com (https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/simple-interest-
formula.html)
3. Analyzemath.com
(https://www.analyzemath.com/finance/interests_problems_sol.html)

Answer Key
ACTIVITY 1
1. A=? r=4.5%
P= Php4,000 t=3
A=Prt
A=4,000(.045)(3)
A= Php540
2. A=Php720 r=?
P=Php3,000 t=2 years
A=Prt
720=3,000(r)2
720 = 6,000r
6,000 6,000
r=0.12 or 12%
3. A= Php78, 000 r=13%

P= Php200, 000 t= ?
A=Prt
78,000=200,000(.13)(t)
78,000=26,000(t)
26,000 26,000
t= 3 years
ACTIVITY 2
1. A=? r=3%
P= Php2,000 t=7 yrs
𝒓
𝑨 = 𝑷(𝟏 + )𝒏𝒕
𝒏
𝟎. 𝟎𝟑 𝟕
𝑨 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎(𝟏 + )
𝟏
𝑨 = 𝟐, 𝟒𝟓𝟗. 𝟕𝟓
2. A=? r=5%
P= Php3,000 t=5 yrs
𝒓
𝑨 = 𝑷(𝟏 + )𝒏𝒕
𝒏
𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 𝟓
𝑨 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎(𝟏 + )
𝟏
𝑨 = 𝟑, 𝟖𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟒

3. A=? r=4%
P= Php1,200 t=2 yrs
𝒓
𝑨 = 𝑷(𝟏 + )𝒏𝒕
𝒏
𝟎. 𝟎𝟒 𝟐
𝑨 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎(𝟏 + )
𝟏
𝑨 = 𝟏, 𝟐𝟗𝟕. 𝟗𝟐
A=? r=5%
P= Php1,297.92 t=4 yrs
𝒓
𝑨 = 𝑷(𝟏 + )𝒏𝒕
𝒏
𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 𝟒
𝑨 = 𝟏, 𝟐𝟗𝟕. 𝟗𝟐(𝟏 + )
𝟏
𝑨 = 𝟏, 𝟓𝟕𝟕. 𝟔𝟑
ACTIVITY 3
1. SIMPLE INTEREST
A=? r=3%
P=1,000 t=3 yrs
A=P(1+rt)
A= 1000(.03)(3)
A=Php1090
COMPOUND INTEREST
A=? r=3%
P= Php1,000 t=3 yrs
𝒓
𝑨 = 𝑷(𝟏 + )𝒏𝒕
𝒏
𝟎. 𝟎𝟑 𝟑
𝑨 = 𝟏, 𝟎𝟎𝟎(𝟏 + )
𝟏
𝑨 =Php1,092.73
Conclusion: The account which is compounded annually earns more money by
Php2.73 as compared to the same account with simple interest.

Name of Learner: ________________________________ Grade Level: _________

Section: ________________________________________ Score: ______________

ILLUSTRATE SIMPLE AND GENERAL ANNUITIES AND DISTINGUISH
BETWEEN SIMPLE AND GENERAL ANNUITIES
Annuity is a sequence of payments made at equal (fixed) intervals or periods of time.

Classification according to payment interval and interest period
• Simple Annuity – the payment interval is the same as the interest period
• General Annuity – the payment interval is not the same as the interest period
Learning Competency with code

The learner is able to (a) illustrate simple and general annuities; (b) distinguish between simple
and general annuities (M11GM-IIc-1-2, Quarter II)
Directions/Instructions:
A. Fill in the blanks with the correct term.
Annuity
Ordinary annuity
General annuity
Simple annuity
Annuity certain
1. An annuity in which payments begin and end at definite times is a/an ___________.
2. An annuity where the payment interval is the same as the interest period is a/an
____________.
3. An annuity where the payment interval is not the same as the interest period is a/an
______________.

4. A simple annuity in which the payments are made at the end of each period is a/an
______________.
5. A sequence of payments made at equal periods is a/an _______________.
B. Identify whether the given illustrates simple or general annuity.
1. A life insurance contribution paid monthly while the interest is compounded quarterly.
2. Your mom decided to join their office cooperative and agreed to contribute P1000 per
month beginning in January 2020 which will earn 3% compounded monthly.
3. Your parents are planning to save for their retirement. To do this, they want to set aside a
portion of their salaries and contribute monthly for their retirement funds which will earn 5%
compounded quarterly.
4. Your eldest brother applied for a term life insurance. His contribution per year is P40 000
that earns 12% compounded monthly for 20 years.
5. A college educational plan earns 4% compounded quarterly and payments are made
quarterly.
6. Your dad deposited all his retirement pay with bank C which will earn 4% compounded
quarterly and he had an auto-credit arrangement of P20 000 per month.
7. Sir Eli deposits P10 000 on January 20, 2020 and had deposited the same amount on the
same date every month. The China Bank credits 2.4% interest compounded annually to sir
Eli’s account.
8. Your teacher saves P5 000 every 6 months in a bank that pays 0.25% compounded monthly.
9. Mr Manuel would like to buy a TV set payable monthly for 6 months and interest is 9%
compounded semi-annually.
10. To pay his debt at 12% compounded semi-annually, Jaysenn committed for 8 quarterly
payments of P24,500.
Reflection
What I learned in this activity
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
References:
Orines, Fernando B. Next Century Mathematics (General Mathematics).Phoenix
Publishing House, Inc.2016
Oronce, Orlando A. General Mathematics. Rex Book Store.2016

Answer Key
A.
1. Annuity certain
2. Simple annuity
3. General annuity
4. Ordinary annuity
5. Annuity
B.
1. General annuity
2. Simple annuity
3. General annuity
4. General annuity
5. Simple annuity
6. General annuity
7. General annuity
8. General annuity
9. General annuity
10. General annuity

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Name:____________________ Grade Level:____________________
Date:______________________ Score:_______________________
Learning Activity Sheet

FIND THE FUTURE VALUE AND THE PRESENT VALUE OF BOTH SIMPLE
ANNUITIES AND GENERAL ANNUITIES

This activity serves as a learning guide for the learners. It facilitates lesson
comprehension as it specifically aims for student’s mastery in solving problems about simple
annuity and general annuity.
Annuities may be classified according to payment interval and interest period which
are simple annuity and general annuity. Simple annuity is an annuity where the payment
interval is the same as the interest period while general annuity is an annuity where the payment
interval is not the same as the interest period.
Learning Competency:
The learner find the future value and the present value of both simple annuities and
general annuities. (M11GM-Ic-d-1
Activity 1
Example:
Find the future value (F) and the present value (P) of this simple annuities, given the
following: Periodic payment= Php 1,000,rate=5%, mode of payment=quarterly, term=2
years.
Solutions:
(1+𝑗)𝑚𝑡 −1 1−(1+𝑗)−𝑚𝑡
a. F = R [ ] P =R[ ]
𝑗 𝑗
5% 4(2) 5% −4(2)
(1+ ) −1 1−(1+ )
4 4
F = 1,000 [ 5% ] P = 1,000 [ 5% ]
4 4
(1+0.0125)8 −1 1−(1+0.0125)−8
F = 1,000 [ ] P = 1,000 [ ]
0.0125 0.0125
F = 1,000(8.3589) P = 1,000(7.5681)
F = Php 8,358.9 P = Php 7,568.1

Find the future value (F) and the present value (P) of the following simple
annuities, given the table below.
Mode of Payment
Periodic Payments Rate Term
(Compounded)
a. Php 2, 500 2% Monthly 3 years
b. Php 3,000 3% quarterly 4 years
c. Php 5, 000 4% quarterly 5 years
d. Php 7,500 5% Semi-annually 10 years
e. Php 12,000 10% annually 15 years
Procedure
Solve for the future value (F) and present value (P) for each item using the given in
the table
Guide Questions:
Show a solution for each item to find the future value(F) and Present value(P) using
the given in the table.
Activity 2
Example:
Find the future value (F) and the present value (P) of the following general annuities,
given the following: Payment interval=semi-annually, regular payment= Php1,000, term=5
years, rate=6%,interest period= compounded quarterly
Answer:
𝐹1 = 𝐹1
𝑖 𝑖
P(1+𝑚)𝑚𝑡 = P(1+𝑚)𝑚𝑡
𝑖 6%
(1+2)2(1) = (1+ 4 )4(1)
𝑖 6%
(1+2) = (1+ 4 )2
𝑖
= (1+0.015)2 -1
2
𝑖
𝑗 = 2 = 0.03
(1+𝑗)𝑚𝑡 −1 1−(1+𝑗)−𝑚𝑡
F=R[ ] P =R[ ]
𝑗 𝑗
(1+0.03)2(5) −1 1−(1+0.03)−2(5)
F = 1,000 [ 0.03
] P = 1,000 [ 0.03
]

(1+0.03)10 −1 1−(1+0.03)−10
F = 1,000 [ 0.03
] P = 1,000 [ 0.03
]
F = 1,000(11.4639) P = 1,000(8.5302)
F = Php11,463.9 P = Php 8,530.2
Find the future value (F) and the present value (P) of the following general annuities,
given the table below.
Regular
Payment interval term rate Interest period (compounded)
payment
a. Monthly PHP 3,000 4 years 3% Quarterly
b. Quarterly PHP 2,000 5 years 2% Annually
c. Semi-
PHP 150, 000 10 years 5% Annually
annual
d. Annual PHP 20,000 3 years 8% Semi-annually
Procedure
a. First convert the interest period to its equivalent interest rate for its payment
interval
b. Show solution for the future value (F) and Present value(P) for each item.
Guide Questions:
a. What is the equivalent interest rate?
b. What is the Future value(F)?
c. What is the Present value(P)?
Activity 3
Example:
Answer this problem:
Your mom decided to deposit Php1,000 per month in a bank beginning January 2020
which will earn 10% compounded monthly. How much will be in your mom’s deposit at the
end of December 2025?
Given:
Regular deposit (R) = Php1,000/month
Rate (r) = 10% compounded monthly
Time (t) = 5 years
No.of conversions/year (m) = 12
𝑟 10 %
Interest rate per period ( j)= 𝑚 = 12 = 0.0083
Solutions:
(1+𝑗)𝑚𝑡 −1
F=R[ ]
𝑗
(1+0.0083)12(5) −1
F=1,000[ ]
0.0083
(1.0083)60 −1
F=1,000[ ]
0.0083
F=1,000(77.355)
F=Php 77,355
Thus, the amount in your mom’s deposit is Php 77,355 after 5 years.
Directions: Answer the following problems.

a. Rona started to deposit PHP 20,000 semi-annually in a fund that pays 5%
compounded semi-annually. How much will be in the fund after 10 years?
b. Ben is paying PHP 3,000 every 3 months for the amount he borrowed at an
interest rate of 10% compounded quarterly. How much did he borrow if agreed
that the loan will be paid in 3 years?
c. Ronald is saving PHP 2, 000 every month by depositing it in a bank that gives an
interest of 2% compounded quarterly. How much will he save in 3 years?
Procedures
a. Identify the given in each of the problem.
b. Show solutions of each problem using the needed formula.
Guide Questions
a. Write all the given data in each of the problem.
b. What is the formula needed? Show solutions for the answer of each problem
substituting the given to the needed formula.
c. Complete your answer with interpretation and with units if needed.
Reflection
What did I learn from this topic?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
References:
GENERAL MATHEMATICS (LM),First Edition 2016, DIWA Senior High School
Series:General Mathematics, Next Century Mathematics 11 General Mathematics Copyright
2016

Answer Key
(Activity 1)
(1+𝑗)𝑚𝑡 −1 1−(1+𝑗)−𝑚𝑡
b. F = R [ ] P =R[ ]
𝑗 𝑗
2% 12(3) 2% −12(3)
(1+ ) −1 1−(1+ )
12 12
F = 2,500 [ 2% ] P = 2,500 [ 2% ]
12 12
(1+0.001667)36 −1 1−(1+0.001667)−36
F = 2,500 [ ] P = 2,500 [ ]
0.001667 0.001667
F = 2,500(37.07) P = 2,500(34.9128)
F = Php 92,675 P = Php 87,282
(1+𝑗)𝑚𝑡 −1 1−(1+𝑗)−𝑚𝑡
c. F=R[ ] P =R[ ]
𝑗 𝑗
3% 4(4) 3% −4(4)
(1+ ) −1 1−(1+ )
4 4
F = 3,000 [ 3% ] P = 3,000 [ 3% ]
4 4
(1+0.0075)16 −1 1−(1+0.0075)−16
F = 3,000 [ ] P = 3,000 [ ]
0.0075 0.0075
F = 3,000(16.932) P = 3,000(15.024)
F = Php 50.796 P = Php 45,072
(1+𝑗)𝑚𝑡 −1 1−(1+𝑗)−𝑚𝑡
d. F = R [ ] P =R[ ]
𝑗 𝑗
4% 4(5) 4% −4(5)
(1+ ) −1 1−(1+ )
4 4
F = 5,000 [ 4% ] P = 5,000 [ 4% ]
4 4
(1+0.01)20 −1 1−(1+0.01)−20
F = 5,000 [ ] P = 5,000 [ ]
0.01 0.01
F = 5,000(22.019) P = 5,000(18.0455)
F = Php 110,095 P = Php 90,228
(1+𝑗)𝑚𝑡 −1 1−(1+𝑗)−𝑚𝑡
e. F = R [ ] P =R[ ]
𝑗 𝑗
5% 2(10) 5% −2(10)
(1+ ) −1 1−(1+ )
2 2
F = 7,500 [ 5% ] P = 7,500 [ 5% ]
2 2
(1+0.025)20 −1 1−(1+0.025)−20
F = 7,500 [ ] P = 7,500 [ ]
0.025 0.025

F = 7,500(25.5446576) P = 7,500(15.589)
F = Php 191,585 P = Php 116,918
(1+𝑗)𝑚𝑡 −1 1−(1+𝑗)−𝑚𝑡
f. F = R [ ] P =R[ ]
𝑗 𝑗
10% 1(15) 10% −1(15)

(1+ ) −1 1−(1+ )
1 1
F = 12,000 [ 10% ] P = 12,000 [ 10% ]
1 1
(1+0.01)15 −1 1−(1+0.01)−15
F = 12,000 [ ] P = 12,000 [ ]
0.01 0.01
F = 12,000(16.0969) P = 12,000(13.865)
F = Php 193,163 P = Php 166,38
(Activity 2)
a. 𝐹1 = 𝐹1
𝑖 𝑖
𝑖 3%
(1+12)12(1) = (1+ 4 )4(1)
𝑖 3%
(1+12) = (1+ 4 )1/3
𝑖
= (1+0.0075)1/3-1
12
𝑖
𝑗 = 12 = 0.00249
(1+𝑗)𝑚𝑡 −1 1−(1+𝑗)−𝑚𝑡
F=R[ ] P =R[ ]
𝑗 𝑗
(1+0.00249)12(4) −1 1−(1+0.00249)−12(4)
F = 3,000 [ ] P = 3,000 [ ]
0.00249 0.00249
(1+0.00249)48 −1 1−(1+0.00249)−48
F = 3,000 [ ] P = 3,000 [ ]
0.00249 0.00249
F = 3,000(50.92) P = 3,000(45.1895)
F = Php152,760 P = Php 135,569
b. 𝐹1 = 𝐹1
𝑖 𝑖
𝑖 2%
(1+4)4(1) = (1+ 1 )1(1)
𝑖 2%
(1+4) = (1+ 1 )1/4
𝑖
= (1+0.02)1/4-1
4
𝑖
𝑗 = 4 = 0.00496
(1+𝑗)𝑚𝑡 −1 1−(1+𝑗)−𝑚𝑡
F=R[ ] P =R[ ]
𝑗 𝑗
(1+0.00496)4(1) −1 1−(1+0.00496)−4(1)
F = 2,000 [ ] P = 2,000 [ ]
0.00496 0.00249
(1+0.00496)4 −1 1−(1+0.00496)−4
F = 2,000 [ 0.00496
] P = 2,000 [ 0.00496
]
F = 2,000(4.03) P = 2,000(3.95)
F = Php 8,060 P = Php 7,900
𝑐. 𝐹1 = 𝐹1
𝑖 𝑖
𝑖 5%
(1+2)2(1) = (1+ 1 )1(1)
𝑖 5%
(1+2) = (1+ 1 )1/2
𝑖
= (1+0.05)1/2 -1
2
𝑖
𝑗 = 2 = 0.024695
(1+𝑗)𝑚𝑡 −1 1−(1+𝑗)−𝑚𝑡
F=R[ ] P =R[ ]
𝑗 𝑗
(1+0.024695)2(1) −1 1−(1+0.024695)−2(1)
F = 150,000 [ ] P = 150,000 [ ]
0.024695 0.024695
(1+0.024695 )2 −1 1−(1+0.024695)−2
F =150,000 [ ] P = 150,000 [ ]
0.024695 0.024695
F = 150,000(2.02469) P = 150,000(1.92828)
F = Php 303,704 P = Php 289,242

𝑑. 𝐹1 = 𝐹1
𝑖 𝑖
𝑖 8%
(1+1)1(1) = (1+ 2 )2(1)
𝑖 8%
(1+1) = (1+ 2 )2
𝑖
= (1+0.04)2 -1
1
𝑗 = 𝑖 =.0816
(1+𝑗)𝑚𝑡 −1 1−(1+𝑗)−𝑚𝑡
F=R[ ] P =R[ ]
𝑗 𝑗
(1+0.0816)1(2) −1 1−(1+0816)−1(2)
F = 20,000 [ ] P = 20,000 [ ]
0.0816 0.024695
(1+0.0816 )2 −1 1−(1+0.0816)−2
F =20,000 [ ] P = 20,000 [ ]
0.0816 0.0816
F = 20,000(2.0816) P = 20,000(1.77936)
F = Php 41,632 P = Php 35,587
(Activity 3)
a. Regular deposit (R) = Php20,000 semi-annually
Rate (r) = 5% semi-annually
Time (t) = 10 years
𝑟 5%
Interest rate per period ( j)= 𝑚 = 2 = 0.025
Solutions:
(1+𝑗)𝑚𝑡 −1
F=R[ ]
𝑗
(1+0.025)2(10) −1
F=20,000[ ]
0.025
(1.025)20 −1
F=20,000[ 0.025 ]
F=20,000(25.54)
F=Php 510,800
Thus, the value in the fund is Php 510,800 after 10 years.
b. Regular payment (R) = Php3,000 quarterly

Rate (r) = 10% compounded quarterly
Time (t) = 3 years
𝑟 10%
Interest rate per period ( j) = 𝑚 = 4 = 0.025

Solutions:
1−(1+𝑗)−𝑚𝑡
P= R [ 𝑗
]
1−(1+0.025)−4(3)
P= 3,000 [ ]
0.025
1−(1.025)−12
P= 3,000[ ]
0.025
P= 3,000(10.26)
P= Php30,773.29
Thus, the amount borrowed by Ben is Php 30,773.
c. Regular deposit (R) = Php2,000 monthly

Rate (r) = 2% compounded quarterly
Time (t) = 3 years
𝑟 2%
Interest rate per period ( j) = 𝑚= 4 = 0.005
Solutions:
(1+𝑗)𝑚𝑡 −1
𝐹1 = 𝐹1 F= R [ ]
𝑗
𝑖 𝑖 (1+0.00166)4(3) −1
P(1+𝑚)𝑚𝑡 = P(1+𝑚)𝑚𝑡 F= 2,000[ ]
0.00166
𝑖 2% (1.00166)12−1
(1+12)12(3) = (1+ 4 )4(3) F= 2,000[ ]
0.00166
𝑖 .02
(1+12) = (1+ 4 )1/3 F= 2,000(12.11)
𝑖
= (1+0.005)1/3 -1 F= Php 24,220
12
𝑖
𝑗 = 12 =.00166 Thus, the savings of Ronald is Php 24,220 after 3 years.

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Name of the Learner: Grade level: ___
Section: _____ Date:

DIFFERENT MARKETS AND BONDS
Background Information for learners

There are two ways to make money in our modern world. The first way is to earn money from
income by working by yourself. The other way to grow your fortune is to invest your assets so
that it will increase its value over time. In this activity, you may learn the different markets for
stocks and bonds to help you earn money by saving money for future use. Example of which
is investing in a certain corporation, organization or company with higher possibility to gain
profit.
A stock market is a place where investors go to trade equity securities (i.e. shares) issued by
corporations. The bond market is where investors go to buy and sell debt securities issued by
corporations or governments
Learning Competencies with code

The learners are able to describe the different markets for stocks and bonds
M11GM-11d-1,
Directions/ Instructions
Each activity has directions to be followed. If you have questions, you are open to contact your
teacher for clarification and assistance.
Activity 1. Match each term in Column A with its definition in Column B. Write your answer
on the blank provided before the number.
A B
1. No-par stock a. stock without par value
2. Broker b. a dealer in stocks and bonds
3. Yield c. selling price of stock

4. Broker’s commission d. a paper showing
5. Stock certificate e. rate of income on bonds
6. Shareholder f. a fee charged by a broker
7. Dividends g. anyone who owns stock
8. Market price h. profit distributed to
stockholder
Activity 2. Identify the components in the stock certificate below. Write your answer on the
blank.
1
1
12
.
5
1
1
1
1 3
1
.
1 4
. 1
1
1
1
1
.
1
1. .
2.
3.
4.
5.

Answer the following questions based on the given picture above. Write your answer on the
blank provided.
6. What is the name of the corporation issuing the certificate?

7.Who are the signatories of the corporation?
8. How much is the par value?
9. What is the stock certification number?
10.What is the number of shares being recorded in the certificate?
Activity 3. Use the stock tables below to answer the succeeding questions.
Example:
52-WK- 52-WK- VOLU
STOCK OPEN HIGH LOW CLOSE
HIGH LOW ME
75.5 68.9 CLM BANK 72.4 72 69.2 72 10,978
1. What were the high and low prices for a share for the past 52 weeks?
Answer: 75.5 and 68.9
2. What were the high and low prices for a share yesterday?
Answer: 72 and 69.2
3. Give the price at which a share fared when the stock exchange closed yesterday.
Answer: 72

52-WK- 52-WK- VOLU
HIGH LOW ME
81.67 64.45 CJJ CORP. 67.54 67.54 65.35 67.25 114,900
1. What were the high and low prices for a share for the past 52 weeks?
2. What were the high and low prices for a share yesterday?
3. Give the price at which a share fared when the stock exchange
closed yesterday.
52-WK- 52-WK- VOLU
HIGH LOW ME
ABS-GMA
70 31.29 65.5 65.5 64.25 66.89 58 230
CORP.
1.What were the high and low prices for a share for the past 52 weeks?
2.What were the high and low prices for a share yesterday?
3.Give the price at which a share fared when the stock exchange closed
yesterday.
Activity 4. Find the investment by completing the table. The brokerage fee is 120 for each
bond if 10 bonds are purchased, P80 for each bond if 11 to 50 are purchased, and P60 for
each bond if 61 or more bonds are purchased.
No. of Bonds Held Market Value per Brokerage Fee Investment

Bond
Example 15 P3,000.00 P1,200 P46,200
7 P3,045.00 1.) 6.)
27 P1,980.00 2.) 7.)
49 P700.00 3.) 8.)
89 P5,050.00 4.) 9.)
120 P6,900.00 5.) 10.)

Reflection (The learner writes how he/she feels about the activity)
References for learners
Oronce, O. (2016). General Mathematics. Manila: Rex bookstore, Inc.

https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/09/difference-between-bond-stock-
market.asp

ANSWER KEY
Activity 1
1. A
2. B
3. E
4. F
5. D
6. G
7. H
8. C
Activity 2
1. Number of shares
2. Corporation issuing the certificate
3. Share holder or stockholder
4. Par value
5. Certificate number
6. ABCXYZ Corporation
7. Hazel Joy P. Vergara and Joji. C. Victoriano
8. P1,000.00
9. 1496
10. 420
Activity 3
1. 81.67 and 64.45 2. 67.54 and 65.35 3. 67.25
1. 70 and 31. 29 2. 65.5 and 64.25 3. 66.89
Activity 4
Brokerage Fee Investment

1. P840.00 6. P22,120.00
2. P2,160.00 7. P55,620.00
3. P3,920.00 8. P38,220.00
4. P5,340.00 9. P454,790.00
5. P7,200.00 10. P835,200.00

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Name of the Learner: _______Grade level: _____
Section: _____Date:

FAIR MARKET OF A CASH FLOW STREAM INCLUDES ANNUITY

This activity sheet will serve as a self-learning guide for the learner. This will also help
you to become money wise when you plan to have your own car, lot, or even a house in the
future despite of having little budget. Specifically, in this topic, you will learn to compare the
offers and find out which one is cheaper or more affordable by computing or calculating the
fair market value of the items.
The concept for the present and future value of annuity is to solve problems about cash flows.
The cash flow is a term that refers to payments received (cash inflows) or payments or
deposit made (cash outflows). Cash inflows can be represented by positive numbers and cash
outflows can be represented by negative numbers.
The fair market value or economic value of a cash flow (payment stream) on a particular
date refers to a single amount that is equivalent to the value if the payment stream at that date.
This particular is called the focal date.
Lets have an example

Company A offers P150,000 at the end of 3 years plus P300,000 at the end of 5 years.
Company B offer P25,000 at the end of each quarter for the next 5 years. Assume tat money is
worth 8%compounded annually. Which offer has a better market value?
Identify the given:
Company A Company B
P150,000 at the end of 3 years P25,000 at the end of each quarter for the
P300,000 at the end of 5 years next 5 years
Find: fair market value of each offer

(a) Illustrate the cash flows of the two offers using time diagrams.

Company A Offer:
150,000 300,000
0 1 2 3 4 5
Company B Offer:
25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000

0 1 2 3 … 20
(b). Choose a focal date and determine the values of the two offers at the focal date.
Since the focal date is the start of the term, compute the present value of each offer.
Company A Offer:
The present value of P150,000 three years from now is

P1 = F (1 + j ) − n
P1 = 150,000(1 + 0.04) −6
P1 = P118,547.18
The present value of P300,000 five years from now is

P2 = F (1 + j ) − n
P2 = 300,000(1 + 0.04) −10
P2 = P 202,669.25
Fair Market Value (FMV)

= P1 + P2
= P118,547.18 + P 202,669.25
= P321,216.43

Company B Offer:
Compute for the present value of a general annuity with quarterly payments but with semi-
annual compounding at 8%
Solve the equivalent rate, compounded quarterly, of 8% compounded semi-annually.

F1 = F2
4 ( 5) 2 ( 5)
 i ( 4)   i ( 2) 
P1 +  = P1 + 
 4   2 
20
 i ( 4) 
10
 0.08 
1 +  = 1 + 
 4   2 
1
i ( 4)
1+ = (1.04) 2
4
1
i ( 4)
= (1.04) 2 − 1
4
i ( 4)
= 0.019803903
4
The present value of an annuity is given by
P = F (1 + j ) − n
P = 25,000(1 + 0.019803903 ) − 20
P = P 409,560.47
Therefore, Company B’s offer is preferable since its market value is larger.

The students are able to calculate the fair market of a cash flow stream that includes annuity.
M11GM-11d-2,

ACTIVITY 1. Calculate the future value of simple ordinary annuity.
1. Reden and Redenton are twins. After the graduation and being finally able to get a good job,
they plan for retirement as follows.
⚫ Starting at the age of 20, Reden deposits P15,000.00 at the end of each year for 30
years.
⚫ Starting at age 35, Redenton deposits P20,000 at the end of each year for 18 years.
Who will have the greater amount at retirement if both annuities earn 12% per year
compounded annually?
2. If you pay P100.00 at the end of each month for 25 years on account that pays interest at 9%
compounded monthly, how much money do you have after 25 years?
ACTIVITY 2. Calculate the present value of simple ordinary annuity.
1. Hazel Joy borrowed money to her husband to buy a car. She will repay it by making monthly
payments of P10,000 per month for the next 2 years at an interest rate of 6% per year
compounded monthly. How much did Hazel Joy borrow?

2. Mary works very hard because she wants to have enough money in her retirement account
when she reaches the age of 60. She wants to withdraw P50,000.00 every 3 months for 20 years
starting 3 months after she retires. How much Mary deposited at retirement at 7.5% per year
compounded quarterly for annuity?
ACTIVITY 3. Calculate the fair market of a cash flow stream that includes annuity.
Mr.Ribaya received two offers on a lot that he wants to sell. Mr. Ocampo has offered P50,000
and P1,000,000 lump sum payment 5 years from now. Mr. Cruz, has offered P50,000 plus
P40,000 every quarter for five years. Compare the fair market values of the two offers if money
can earn 5% compounded annually. Which offer has a higher market value?

RUBRIC
CRITERIA 1 2 3 4 TOTA
L
IDENTIFYIN No given At most 4 is At least 4 is All the given
G are correct correct correct are correct
GIVEN given given
STEPS None of the Few steps Most steps Every step
steps were were were was
completed completed completed completed
/no work thoroughly thoroughly thoroughly
was shown with work with work with work
shown shown solution
ACCURACY Entire Several step One step of Each step of
activity of the the problem the problem
assignment problem was was
was was incorrect completed
incorrect incorrect and correct
*Rubric is for all the activities.
Reflection The learner writes how he/she feels about the activity.)

https://www.coursehero.com/file/p7tdb9t/Calculate-the-fair-market-value-of-a-cash-
flow-stream-that-includes-an-annuity/

Answer key
Activity 1
1. Reden Redenton
Given: Given:
P = 15,000 P = 20,000
j = 0.12 j = 0.12
n = 30 n = 18
Solution: Solution:
(1 + j ) n − 1
FV = P
j
(1 + 0.12) 36 − 1
FV = 15,000
0.12
(58.1355739286 )
FV = 15,000
0.12
FV = 15,000(484.4631160717 )
FV = P 7,266,946.74
(1 + j ) n − 1
FV = P
j
(1 + 0.12)18 − 1
FV = 20,000
0.12
(6.689965795 )
FV = 20,000
0.12
FV = 15,000(55.7497149585 )
FV = P1,114,994 .30
2.
Given: Solution:
(1 + j ) n − 1
FV = P
j
(1 + 0.0075) 54 − 1
FV = 100
P = 15,000 0.0075
(0.4970384672 )
j = 0.12 FV = 100
0.0075
n = 30
FV = 100(66.2717956247 )
FV = P6,627.18

Activity 2.
1.
Given: Solution:
PV =

P 1 − (1 + j ) − n 
j
P = 10,000
PV =

10,000 1 − (1 + 0.005) − 24 
j = 0.005 0.005
n = 24 10,000(0.1128143311)
PV =
0.005
PV = P 225,628.66
2.
Given: Solution:
PV =

P 1 − (1 + j ) − n 
j
P = 10,000
PV =

50,000 1 − (1 + 0.0065) −80 
j = 0.005 0.0065
n = 24 50,000(0.3925248318 )
PV =
0.0065
PV = P3,140,198.65

Activity 3.
Given:
Mr. Ocampo’s offer Mr. Ocampo’s offer

50,000 down payment 50,000 down payment
P1,000,000 after 5 years P40,000 every quarter for 5 years
Solution 1. Choose a focal date to be the start of the term. Since the focal date is at t = 0 ,
compute for the present value of each offer.
Mr. Ocampo’s offer Mr. Cruz offer

Fair Market Value
FMV = 50,000 + 783,526.17 FMV = 50,000 + 705,572.68
FMV = P833,526.17 FMV = P755,572
Solution 2. Choose the focal date to be the end of the term.

Mr. Ocampo’s offer Mr. Cruz offer
Fair Market Value
FMV = 1000000 + 63,814.08 FMV = 900,509.40 + 63,814.08
FMV = P1,063,814.08 FMV = P964,323.48
Mr. Ocampo’s offer still has a higher value, even if the focal date is to be the end of the term.

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Name of the Learner: Grade level:
Section: Date:

CALCULATE THE PRESENT VALUE OF AND PERIOD OF DEFERRAL OF A
DEFERRED ANNUITY
A deferred payment annuity is an insurance product that provides future payments to the buyer
rather than an immediate stream of income. An annuity is a financial contract that allows the
buyer to make a lump-sum payment, or a series of payments, in exchange for receiving future
periodic disbursements.
A deferred payment annuity allows the investment, known as the premium, to grow both by
contributions and interest before payments are initiated. A deferred payment annuity is also
known as a "deferred annuity" or a "delayed annuity."
The period of deferment is the time interval to the beginning of the first payment interval.
*if the first payment is due at the end of a specified interval, the formula is d = m * k − 1
*if the first payment is due on the next interval the formula is d = m * k
Below is the formula in solving the Present Value of a Deferred Annuity:
1 − (1 + j )
−( d +n)
1 − (1 + j ) − d
PV = R −R
j j
PV= Present Value
R=Regular payment
j = rate per conversion period
i (m)
j= , where i (m ) is the annual rate and m is the number of conversion period
m
n = no. of paying periods
n = t * m , where t is the number of years
d = Deferred periods.

Lets have an example,
Hazel availed of a cash loan that gave her an option to pay P10,000 monthly for 1 year. The
first payment due after 6 months. How much is the present value of the loan if the interest rate
is 12% converted monthly?
Identify the given:
R = P10,000
t = 1 year
i ( m ) = 12%or 0.12
m = 12
Calculate the value of j , n, and d
i ( m ) 0.12
j= = = 0.01
m 12
n = t *m
n = 1 * 12 = 12
d = 6 − 1 = 5 periods

Substitute all the given value using the Present Value of a Deferred Annuity:
1 − (1 + j )
−(d +n)
1 − (1 + j ) − d
PV = R −R
j j
1 − (1 + .01) −(5+12 ) 1 − (1 + .01) −5
PV = 10,000 − 10,000
0.01 0.01
.1556225127 0.0485343124
PV = 10,000 − 10,000
0.01 0.01
PV = 10,000(15.5622512667 ) − 10,000(4.85343124 )
PV = 155,622.51266701 − 48,534.312393251
PV = P107,088.20

The learners are able to calculate the present value of and period of deferral of a deferred
annuity. M11GM-11d-3,Quarter II Week 4
Activity 1. Identify the given values of the ff. in the given situation.
1. Mr. Julian wanted to buy a new branded car. He decided to pay P20,000 monthly for 5 years
starting at the end of the 2 years with an interest rate of 12% compounded monthly.
R=
j=
t=
d=
i ( m) =
n=
m=
2. A company offers Hazel Joy Vergara a deferred payment option for the car loan with a
monthly payment of P5,000 for 4 years. The payment will start at the end of 5 months at the
interest of 3% compounded monthly.
R=
j=
t=
d=
i ( m) =
n=
m=

Activity 2. Find the period of deferral in each of the following deferred annuity problem.
1. A regular payment of P500 monthly for 3 years that will start 4 months from now.
2. A payment of P100,000 every quarter for 8 years starting at the end of 2 years.
3. A semi- annual payments of P1000 for 12 years that will start 3 years from now.
4. An annual installment of 25 years, first payment after 5 years.
5. A half- year instalment of 8 years, first payment of P2,000 after 18 months.
Activity 3. Calculate present value of each problem completely.
1. Mr. Julian decided to buy a house and lot for his son before the latter’s big day. A payment
for every month is P24,000 for 25 years starting at the end of 4 months with an interest of 6%
compounded monthly.
2. Joy gave allowance to her mother for her medicine, She withdrew P25,000 semi-annually
for 10 years starting at the end of 2 years. How much is the mother‘s allowance if the interest
rate is 8%converted semi-annually?

RUBRIC
CRITERIA 1 2 3 4 TOTA
L
IDENTIFYIN No given At most 4 is At least 4 is All the given
G are correct correct correct are correct
GIVEN given given
STEPS None of the Few steps Most steps Every step
steps were were were was
completed completed completed completed
/no work thoroughly thoroughly thoroughly
was shown with work with work with work
shown shown solution
ACCURACY Entire Several step One step of Each step of
activity of the the problem the problem
assignment problem was was
was was incorrect completed
incorrect incorrect and correct
*The rubric is for Activity 3 only.
Reflection (The learner writes how he/she feels about the activity.)

http://teachtogether.chedk12.com/teaching_guides/view/31
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hTUQ-wqV73A
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/deferred-payment-annuity.asp

Answer Key:
Activity 1
R = P 20,000
t = 5 years j = 0.01
1.
i ( m ) = 0.12 n = 60
m = 12
R = P5,000
t = 4 years j = 0.0025
2.
i ( m ) = .03 n = 48
m = 12
Activity 2
1. 3 months or 3 periods
2. 7quarters or 7 periods
3. 5 semi-annuals or 5 periods
4. 4 years or 4 periods
5. 2 half-year or 2 periods
Activity 3
1. Given:
R = P 24,000
j = 0.05
t = 25 years
n = 300
i ( m ) = 0.06
k =3
m = 12

Solution:
1 − (1 + j )
−(d +n)
1 − (1 + j ) − d
PV = R −R
j j
1 − (1 + .005) −( 3+300 ) 1 − (1 + .005) −3
PV = 24,000 − 24,000
0.005 0.005
0.7793604883 0.0148512407
PV = 24,000 − 24,000
0.005 0.005
PV = 24,00(155.87209766 ) − 24,000(2.97024814 )
PV = 3,740,930.34384 − 71,285.95536
PV = P3,669,644.39
2. Given:
R = P 25,000
j = 0.04
t = 10 years
n = 20
i ( m ) = 0.08
k =3
m=2
Solution:
1 − (1 + j )
−( d +n)
1 − (1 + j ) − d
PV = R −R
j j
1 − (1 + .04) −(3+ 20 ) 1 − (1 + .04) −3
PV = 25,000 − 25,000
0.04 0.04
0.594273667 0.1110036413
PV = 25,000 − 25,000
0.04 0.04
PV = 25,00(14.856841675 ) − 25,000(2.7750910325 )
PV = 3,740,930.34384 − 71,285.95536
PV = P302,043.77

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Name of the Learner: Grade level: ____________
Section: Date:

MARKET INDICES FOR STOCKS AND BONDS

An index is an indicator or measure of something, and in finance, it typically refers to a
statistical measure of change in a securities market. In the case of financial markets, stock and
bond market indices, they consist of a hypothetical portfolio of securities representing a
particular market or a segment of it.

The students are able to analyze the different market indices for stocks and bonds
M11GM-IIe-4
ACTIVITY 1. Directions. Find the market price of one P1,000,000.00 bond at each quoted
price. Write your answer on the blank provided.
at 43
Example:
0.43*P1,000,000 = P430,000
1
at 206
4
2.0625*P1,000,000 = P2,062,500
a. at 38
b. at 16
c. at 89
3
d. at 99
4

1
e. at 106
2
ACTIVITY 2. Directions. Find the total cost of each stock purchased below. ( 2 points each )
No. Of Shares Market price per Commission Total cost

Share
86 P2.58 P20.00 1.
2000 P0.98 P300.00 2.
580 P100.00 P1,500.00 3.
38 P650.50 P3,000.00 4.
1989 P1,050.00 P50,000.00 5.
ACTIVITY 3. Answer each of the following.
1. If you bought 600 shares of CJJ Bank Corp. stock at the 52 -week low, P43.65 per share,
and sold at the 52-week high , P51.20 share,
a. How much money did you make on this transaction (ignoring the dividends) (2points)
b. What is the broker’s commission if the broker charges 6% of the total sale
price?(2points)
2. Ms. Hazel bought 378 shares of CJJ stocks at its 52-week low, P652.30 per share, and sold
at the 52-week high, P1,023.00 per share.
a. How much did Ms. Hazel make on this transaction, dividends not included?(2points)
b. Find the broker commission if the broker charges 9.2% of the total sale price. (2points)

3. Christian bought 529 shares of CJJ stock at its 52-week low, P1,095.00 per share , and its
sold at 52-week high ,P1758.80 per share.
a. How much did Christian make on this transaction, (dividends not included)?(2points)
b. Find the broker commission if the broker charges 8% of the total sale price.(2points)
Reflection (The learner writes how he/she feels about the activity.)
References for learners:

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/index.asp

Answer key:
Activity 1
1. 380,000
2. 160,000
3. 890,000
4. 895,000
5. 1,065,00
Activity 2
1. P241.88
2. P2260
3. P59,500
4. P27,719
5. P2,138,450
Activity 3
1.
a. P4,530.00
b. P1,843.00
2.
a. P140,124.6
b. P35,575.84
3.
a. 351,150.2
b. 74,432.46

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Name of Learner:_____________________________ Grade Level:__________________
Section: ____________________________________ Score: _______________________

ILLUSTRATES, DISTINGUISHES AND SOLVE PROBLEMS INVOLVING
BUSINESS AND CONSUMER LOANS (AMORTIZATION AND MORTGAGE)
Loans are provided to help people who are experiencing financial crisis. Loans refer to
lending of things/money to individuals or organizations that is expected to be paid back on a
certain time with interest.
There are different types of loans that we can take depending on our needs. The various
types of loans are home loans, personal loans, student loan, business loan etc.
In this learning activity sheet, you will be able learn the basic concepts of loans. The
business loan which is referred as the borrowed money from a bank or other lending
institutions/persons that can be used to start a business or to have a business expansion and
the consumer loan which is referred as the borrowed money from a bank or other lending
institutions/persons that can be used for personal or family purposes.
Example 1. Identify whether the following is a consumer or business loan.

1. Mr. and Mrs. Bautista borrowed money from their aunt abroad to finance the college
education of their children.
Solution: Consumer Loan
2. Gina plans to sell cactus online. She borrows ₱10,000 from her parents to start her
online selling.
Solution: Business Loan
3. Mr. Marquez wants to have his own house. He went to the Pag-IBIG (Home and
Development Mutual Fund) office to apply and avail for a housing loan.
Solution: Consumer Loan
4. Sharon owns two (2) Green Cab Pizza carts in their barangay. She wants to put another
pizza cart business in their nearby barangays so she decided to have a loan to materialize
her plans.
5. Althea has a computer shop and owns 9sets of computers. She wants to add 6 more
computers so she applied and availed ₱60,000 loan from a lending company.

Example 2. Mr. Rivera borrowed ₱ 250,000 from a bank to purchase a residential lot. The rate
of interest of his loan is 7.5% annually The loan is to be paid for 2 years. How much is to be
paid after 2 years?
Solution:
Given: P=₱ 250,000, 𝑖 𝑚 = 7.5% 𝑜𝑟 0.075
𝑖𝑚 0.075
j= 𝑚 = 1 = 0.075
n= (m)(t) = (1)(2)= 2
Find: Future Amount (F)
F=P (1+j)n
F=250,000(1+0.075)2
F= ₱288,906.25
Thus, the amount to be paid by Mr.Rivera after 2 years is ₱288,906.25
Example 3. A housing loan amounting to ₱870,000 requires a 20% down payment. How much
is the mortgage?
Solution:
Given: down payment rate= 20% or 0.20
Cash price = ₱870,000
Find: amount of loan or mortgage
Down payment = down payment rate x cash price
= 0.20 x ₱870,000
= ₱174,000
Amount of the Loan = Cash Price-Down Payment
= ₱870,000- ₱174,000
= ₱696,000
Thus, the amount of loan or mortgage is ₱696,000
Example 4. Mrs. Lopez acquired a housing loan amounting to ₱1,200,000. Her monthly
amortization is ₱19,942.63 for 15 years. The interest rate is 7% convertible monthly. Find the
outstanding balance after the 110th payments.
Solution:
Given: P = ₱1,200,000
R = ₱19,942.63
𝑖 𝑚 = 𝑖 12 = 7% or 0.07
𝑖 12 0.07
j = 𝑚 = 12
n = (m)(t)= (12)(15)= 180 (total number of payments)
k = 110 (number of payments made)
Find: Outstanding balance after 110th payments
Answer: Let 𝐵110 represents the outstanding balance after the 110th payments or present
value of the remaining 70 payments (n=70)

1−(1+𝑗)−𝑛
𝐵110 = 𝑅 [ ]
𝑗
0.07 −70
1−(1+ )
= ₱19,942.63 [ 12
0.07 ]
12
= ₱1,143,408.87
Thus, the outstanding balance after 110 payments is ₱1,143,408.87
Learning Competencies
Illustrates, distinguishes and solve problems involving business and consumer loans
(amortization and mortgage). M11GM-IIf-1 to 3
Exercise 1:
Directions: Read and analyze each situation then identify whether the given is a business loan
or consumer loan. Write BL if it is a business loan or CL if it is a consumer loan. Write your
answer on the space provided before the number. [1 point each]
_____1. Mr. Aquino owns 2 tractors for farming. He wants to buy 2 more tractors and use
these for business. He applied for a loan in a bank.
_____2. Mario wants to tour his family in other places so he applied for a loan and bought a
pick-up truck.
_____3. Due to COVID-19 pandemic, lot of people needs to work from home through online.
So, Ram decided to put up internet business because this is in demand nowadays. He then
applied for a loan to purchase materials and equipment to start his business.
_____4. Mr. & Mrs. Santos borrowed ₱300,000 from a bank in order to build rooms for rent.
_____5. Due to the hot weather, Athena's water refilling business has become popular in their
barangay. So, she made a loan from a bank that can be used to expand her business in
other barangay.
_____6. Elsa bought a washing machine that could help her in washing their clothes through
home credit.
_____7. Aiyana wants to renovate their old house but she does not have savings. She went to
a bank and applied for a salary loan to finance her plan.
_____8. Freggie had a housing loan payable monthly for 15 years.
_____9. Food is a basic necessity of a human being. So, Cory plans to have a restaurant. She
borrowed money from a lending institution for the construction and operation of her business.
_____10. Ariel got loan worth ₱450,000 and used this amount to purchase an apartment near
his workplace.
Exercise 2:
Directions: Analyze the given amortization procedures in the table below then fill in each
blank using the guide questions below the table. Show your solution using an extra sheet of
paper. [3 points each]
Problem: A salary loan amounting to ₱15,000 is to be paid annually for 4 years with an interest
rate of 6% compounded annually. The annual amortization is ₱ ₱4,328.87.

Interest PRINCIPAL
Regular Outstanding
Period Component of Component of
Payment (R) Balance
Payment Payment
0 A
1 B ₱900 ₱3,428.87 ₱11,571.13
2 ₱4,328.87 ₱694.27 C 7,936.53
3 ₱4,328.87 D476.19 3,852.68 E4,083.85
4 ₱4,328.87 245.031 4,083.84 F
Totals G H I
Guide Questions:
A. How much is the amount of the loan? (Outstanding balance at time 0)
B. How much is the first regular annual payment?
C. For the second payment, how much goes to pay the principal?
D. For the third payment, how much goes to pay the interest?
E. How much is the outstanding balance after the 3rd payment?
F. How much should be the outstanding balance after the 4th or last payment?
G. How much is the total amount of regular payment for 4 years?
H. How much is the total interest paid for 4 years?
I. How much is the total payment for the principal for 4 years?
Exercise 3: Problem Solving

Directions: Read and analyze each question. Then answer the following problems completely.
Show your step-by-step solution in each item.
1. Mr. Bagain borrowed ₱2,000,000 for the expansion of his farm supply business. The
effective rate of interest is 8%. The loan is to be repaid in full after three years. How
much is to be paid after three years? [5 points ]
Solution:

2. Ramon borrowed ₱1,700,000 for the purchase of a reaper harvester machine. If his
monthly payment is ₱ 35,000 on a 5-year mortgage, find the total amount of interest.
[5 points ]
Solution:
3. If a 2- hectares land is to be sold for ₱2,000,000 and the lender requires 30% down
payment, what is the amount of the mortgage? [5 points ]
Solution:
4. Beatriz got a loan amounting to ₱40,000 and to be repaid in 12 months at 6%

convertible monthly. How much is her monthly payment? [5 points ]
Solution:
5. Mr.. Reyes is considering to pay his outstanding balance for 4 years of payment. The
original amount of loan is ₱450,000 payable annually in 6 years. If the interest rate is
8.5% per annum. a.) Find the regular payment annually, b) How much is the outstanding
balance after 4 years of payment, c) Find the total amount of interest for 6 years.
[15 points ]
Solution:
Reflection:
What are the factors that you need to consider in applying for a loan? Why is it important to
consider those factors? Explain your answer. Write your answers on the blanks provided
below.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
References of Learners
Verzosa, D.B. , et.al., (2016). General Mathematics for Senior High School (First Edition).
Quezon City Manila; Lexicon Press Inc.

Answer Key:
Exercise 1
1. BL
2. CL
3. BL
4. BL
5. BL
6. CL
7. CL
8. CL
9. BL
10. CL
Exercise 2
Interest PRINCIPAL
Regular Outstanding
Period Component of Component of
Payment (R) Balance
Payment Payment
0 A. ₱15,000
1 B. ₱4,328.87 ₱900 ₱3,428.87 ₱11,571.13
2 ₱4,328.87 ₱694.27 C. ₱3,634.6 ₱7,936.53
3 ₱4,328.87 D. ₱476.19 ₱3,852.68 E. ₱4,083.85
4 ₱4,328.87 ₱245.031 ₱4,083.84 F. 0
Totals G. ₱17,315.48 H. ₱2,315.49 I. ₱15,000
Exercise 3
1. Given: P=₱2,000,000
j=8% or 0.08
n=3 years
Find: Future Value (F)
F=P(1+j)n
F=₱2,000,000(1+0.08)3
F=₱2,519,424
Thus, the amount to be paid after 3 years is ₱2,519,424
2. The total amount paid is given by

Total Amount =(35,000)(12months)(5years)
=₱2,100,000
Thus, the total interest is the difference between the total amount paid and the amount
of the mortgage.
Total Interest = Total Amount Paid- Amount of the Mortgage
= ₱2,100,000- ₱1,700,000

= ₱400,000
The total interest of the mortgage for 5 years is ₱400,000
3. Given:
Cash Price=₱2,000,000
Down payment rate=30% or 0.30
Down payment= Cash Price x Down payment Rate

= ₱2,000,000 x 0.30
= ₱600,000
Amount of the Loan = Cash price –Down payment
= ₱2,000,000-₱600,000
= ₱1,400,000
The amount of the loan or mortgage is ₱1,400,000
4. Given: P= ₱40,000
i12 0.06
i12=6% or 0.06, j= 𝑚 = 12
= 0.005
n=12
Find: Monthly/Regular Payment R
𝑃
R = 1−(1+𝑗)−𝑛
[ ]
𝑗
40,000
= 1−(1+0.005)−12
[ ]
0.005
= ₱3,442.66
The monthly payment of Beatriz is ₱3,442.66
5. Given: P= ₱450,000
n=6
j=8.5% or 0.085
Find: Outstanding balance after 4 years (present value of the remaining 2 payments)
𝑃
a. R = 1−(1+𝑗)−𝑛
[ ]
𝑗
450,000
= 1−(1+0.085)−6
[ ]
0.085
= ₱98,823.19
The regular payment annually of Mr. Reyes is ₱98,823.19
1−(1+𝑗)−𝑛
b. 𝐵4 =R[ ]
𝑗
1−(1+0.085)−2
= 98,823.19 [ ]
0.085
= ₱175,027.16
The remaining balance of Mr. Reyes after 4th payment is ₱ 175,027.16
c. The total amount paid is given by

Total Amount = ₱98,823.19 x 6years
= ₱592, 939.14
Thus, the total interest is the difference between the total amount paid and the amount
of mortgage.
Total Interest = Amount Paid – Amount of Mortgage
= ₱592, 939.14 - ₱450,000
= ₱142, 939.14

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Name: _____________________ Grade Level: ____________
Date: ______________________ Score: __________________

ILLUSTRATES AND SYMBOLIZES PROPOSITIONS
In your everyday life, you are facing different information about people, things and
events. You may wonder how the new normal can help students in learning the needed
competencies. You can express your idea as “The new normal is good.” This statement is called
proposition. What is a proposition?
This activity sheet is a self-paced material where students can check and recheck their
understanding and progress about the topic. It is an enjoyable material where ‘learning is fun’
can be experienced.
This Learning Activity Sheet is intended for Senior High School students particularly
Grade 11 who are taking General Mathematics subject.
REASONING (Oxford illustrated Dictionary)

“the intellectual faculty by which conclusions are drawn from premises.
LOGIC
“the study of reasoning, seeks the rules and principles of how people should reason correctly
and rationally.
“It is a normative science as it provides prescriptions for rational thinking.”
“To discover truths is the task of all sciences; it falls to logic to discern the laws of truth…
(Gottlob Frege,1956)
Dear students, if you are confined to dicern from what is right or wrong, your brain
starts to function and propmt you with your reasoning ability. That is Logic. When you start to
express your complete idea whether it is true or false, then that is proposition.
Propositions are statements in declarative form which express a single and complete
idea, and bears either truth or falsity but not both. If a proposition is true, then its truth value
is true, which is denoted by T; otherwise, its truth value is false, which is denoted by F. Like
any other declarative sentence, it has a subject and a predicate. It is usually denoted by a small
letter. “This topic is interesting.”, is a proposition.
p: This topic is interesting.
Learning Competency 1: The learner illustrates and symbolizes propositions .M11GM-

IIg-1-2
Priming Activity
Directions: Determine whether each of the following statements is a proposition or not. If it is
a proposition, give its truth value.
1. All birds can fly.
2. There is life on Mars.
3. Look out!
4. X is an even number.
5. What is the domain of the function?
A proposition is a declarative sentence that expresses a complete idea and

bears either truth or falsity.
Key: Numbers 1 & 2 are propositions since it has a complete thought and it
is a declarative sentence, although the truth value is false. Number 3 is not a
Big proposition since the sentence is imperative. Number 4 depends on the
Idea! value of x, it is neither true nor false,hence, it is not a proposition. Number
5 is a question, hence, it is not a proposition.
Activity 1: “I will try It!”

Tell whether the statement is a Proposition or Not.
1. All cows are black. ______________

2. x + 2 = 2x . ______________
3. x+2 = 2x, when x = -2 ______________
4. Look out! ______________
5. Wash your hands. ______________
Activity 2: “I can do It!”

Tell whether the statement is a Proposition or Not. Determine the truth value.
1. COVID 19 is a Virus. ______________ _________

2. 1 is an even number. ______________ _________
3. x+2 = 2x, when x = -2 ______________ _________
4. This statement is true. ______________ _________
5. Check your answer. ______________ _________

Activity 3: “I can tell why”
Tell whether the statement is a Proposition or Not. If not, why?
1. Roses are red and violets are blue.

_______________________________________
2. What is a proposition?
_______________________________________
3. Wear your mask!
_______________________________________
4. Learning is fun and challenging in the new normal.
_______________________________________
5. m is a prime number.
_______________________________________
Congratulations! You’ve made it this far. You may now proceed…
Reflection
Evaluate your understanding using declarative sentence to express your opinion
regarding the topic on propositions.
Answer:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
References
DIWA Senior High School Series, p. 204
General Mathematics, p 240 Year Triangle Trigonometry,

Answer Key
Activity1
1. Proposition
2. Not
3. Proposition
4. Not
5. Not
Activity2
1. Proposition. True
2. Proposition. False
3. Proposition. False
4. Not a proposition since it’s neither true not false. It is a paradox.
5. Not a proposition. It is imperative.
Activity 3
1. Proposition
2. Not, because it is not a declarative statement.
3. Not, because it is not a declarative statement.
4. Proposition
5. Not, because it can neither be true nor false.
Module 2 (LM) BEAM Fourth Year 2 (L

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Name: _____________________ Grade Level: ____________
Date: ______________________ Score: __________________

DISTINGUISHES BETWEEN SIMPLE AND COMPOUND PROPOSITIONS
Welcome back students ☺ You are now ready for the next stage…your status. Are you single
or complicated? In mathematics we call it Simple proposition or Compound proposition.
A simple proposition is composed of only one propositional variable. A proposition

is simple if it cannot be broken down any further into other component propositions.
p1: Mathematics is challenging.

p2: Two is the smallest prime number.
A compount proposition is composed of subpropositions and various connectives. It

can be constructed using connectors, conjunctions and transitional words. Examples of
propositions contain if-then, and (), or () and not ()
q1: Roses are red and violets are blue.
q2: Either 2 is an even number or 2 is not the smallest prime
number.
SIMPLE PROPOSITION
• A proposition that contains only one idea
• It has only one subject and one predicate
• “Math is fun.”
COMPOUND PROPOSITION
• A proposition that is composed of at least two simple propositions joined together by
logical connectives
• “Math is fun and challenging.”
Learning Competency 2: The learner distinguishes between simple and compound

propositions M11GM-IIg-3

Priming Activity
Directions: Determine whether the following statements are simple or compound propositions.
If the proposition is a compound proposition, identify logical connectors used.
1. COVID 19 has over 2 million cases in the world.

2. If I will study harder, then I will pass the exam.
3. Either it is sunny in Isabela or its streets are flooded
4. Zero is not a negative number.
Numbers 1 is a simple proposition.

Number 2 is compound using ‘if-then’ as connector
Number 3 is compound with or as connector
Number 4 uses not as a connector.
Key Points
Activity 1: “Check my Understanding!”

Determine whether the following statements are simple or compound propositions.
1. Either 1 is an even number or 4 is a perfect square.

2. The immune system of my body is important in this time of pandemic.
3. The sum of two even numbers is always even.
4. Either logic is fun and interesting, or it is challenging.
Activity 2: “Deepen your Understanding!”

Determine whether the following statements are propositions. If the proposition is a
compound proposition, identify the simple components and the logical connectors used.
1. If your score is more than 2, then you will pass the subject.
2. Ana’s average is at least 90 and she is getting an academic award.
3. The square of an odd number is not even.
4. A password must be at least 6 characters or it must be at least 8 characters
long.
Activity 3: “I Understand!”
Given the following simple propositions, construct compound propositions by adding
another simple proposition. Use any connector.
1. I often wash my hands.

_______________________________________________
2. I study my lessons using my phone.
_______________________________________________
3. A proposition is simple.
_______________________________________________
4. My favorite subject is Mathematics
_______________________________________________

Reflection
1. What makes it simple (simple proposition)?
Answer: _______________________________________________________
2. What are the connectors that can be used to form compound proposition?
Answer: _______________________________________________________
3. Are simple propositions can be formed as compound propositions? Why
Answer: _______________________________________________________
References
Conceptual Math and Beyond
General Mathematics, p. 203

Answer Key
Activity 1
1. Compound
2. Simple
3. Simple
4. Compound
Activity 2
1. p1: Your score is more than 2; p2: You will pass the subject. (If Then)
2. p1: Ana’s average is at least 90; p2: Ana is getting an academic award (and)
3. not
4. p1: A password must be at least 6 characters; p2: A password must be at least 8
characters long (or)
Activity 3 (answers may vary)

1. I often wash my hands and wear mask.
2. I study my lessons using my phone or my books.
3. Either a proposition is simple or compound.
4. My favorite subject is either mathematics or English.

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Name: _____________________ Grade Level: ____________
Date: ______________________ Score: __________________

PERFORMS THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF OPERATIONS ON PROPOSITIONS

Dear students, finally, you are now on the last stage of this learning activity. You will
learn how to construct a truth table and perform the different operations on proposition.
The truth table shows all its possible truth values. Since a proposition has two possible
truth values, a proposition p whould have the following truth table:
p
T
F
Truth tables can also be used to display various combinations of the truth values of two
propositions p and q.
p q
T T
T F
. F T
F F
In addition to truth table, you will also learn NEGATION (not) which states exact
opposite of a given proposition.
p: I represents an imaginary number
p: I does not represent an imaginary number
The conjunction (but, also, moreover) of two propositions is true if both component
propositions are true and false if at least one of them is false.
A disjunction (unless) is true if at least one of the component propositions is true and
is only false if both are false.
The conditional proposition (only if, implies) is false only if Q is false but P is true.
Biconditional Proposition is a conjuction of two conditional propositions The truth
value of PQ is true whenever the two component propositions have the same truth value.

Logical Operators
Let p and q be arbitrary propositions
Type Logical Symbolic Read as

Operator Form
Conjunction And p q p and q

Disjunction Or p q p or q
Conditional If…then p→ q If p, then q
Biconditional If and only if pq p if and

only if q
Negation Not p Not p
Learning Competency 3: The learner performs the different types of operations on

propositions. M11GM-IIg-4
Priming Activity 1
Directions: Express the following propositions in symbols. Assume that p is the antecedent
and q is the consequent.
1. I will go to the party if and only if my parents will allow me to go.
2. If one person reuses plastic containers, then he or she helps lessen wastes.
3. If you are not pro-SHS, then you are not here.
4. Either Plato is a Philosopher or Einstein is a scientist.
5. Mathematics is not the most difficult subject.
Checkpoint!
1. biconditional pq
2. conditional p→q
Big 3. contrapositive p→q
Idea! 4. disjuction p v q
5. Negation p
Activity 1: “It’s Your Turn!”

Directions: Express the following propositions in symbols. Assume that p is the antecedent
and q is the consequent.
1. Pia got the award and propmtly stopped using cellphones.

2. Either you will study through online or through the use of modules.
3. Eight is not equal to negative eight.
4. The function f is even if and only if f(x)=f(-x).
5. Classes will start on June if and only if there is no pandemic.
Activity 2: “Complete Me”

Construct the truth table of the different types of logical operators.
a.
P P
b. P Q P Q
T T
T F
F T
F F
c.
P Q PQ
T T
T F
F T
F F
d. P Q P→Q
T T
_ T F
F T
F F

Activity 3:
“Reconstruct Me”
Given the following propositions below, Write the component propositions and
construct the symbolic form.
Example: Two lines P and Q are parallel if and only if they are coplanar and P
and Q do no intersect.
Component Propositions:
p: Two lines P and Q are parallel.

c: P and Q are coplanar.
l: P and Q intersect.
Symbolic form: p(c(l)) or pcl
1. If you are interested in becoming a scholar, you should fill-up the application form and
submit it to our officer in-charge or to any teacher in school.
2. Upon announcement of Moderate General Community Quarantine, classes in all levels should
be conducted in the new normal and children below 21 years old should stay at home.
Reflection:
1. What I learned in this activity is __________________________________________.
2. I need to study more on
_____________________________________________
References
DIWA Senior High School Series, p. 205
General Mathematics LM, p 250 Year Triangle Trigonometry,

Answer Key
Activity 1
1. Conjunction pq
2. Disjunction pq
3. Negation p
4. Conditional p→q
5. Biconditional pq
Activity 2
a. c
P P P Q PQ
. T F T T T
T F T
F T
F T T
F F F
(a)
(c)
b
P Q PQ
Module 2 dd
T T T
P Q P→Q
T F F
F T F T T T
F F F T F F
(b)
F T T
F F T
(d)

Avtivity 3
1. Component Propositions:
v: You are interested in becoming a scholar.
f: You should fill-up the form.
h: You should submit to the officer in-charge.
L: You should submit it to any teacher in school.
Symbolic form: v→(f  (h l))
2. Component Propositions:
p: There is a Moderate General Community Quarantine
c: Classes in all levels are conducted in the new normal
s: Children below 21 years old should stay at home
Symbolic form: p→(cs) or p→cs
Year Triangle
Trigonometry, Module

Name of Learner: ________________________________ Grade Level: _________

Section: ________________________________________ Score: ______________

ILLUSTRATE DIFFERENT TYPES OF TAUTOLOGIES AND FALLACIES AND
DETERMINE THE VALIDITY OF CATEGORICAL SYLLOGISMS
A valid argument satisfies the validity condition; that is, the conclusion q is true
whenever the premises p1, p2,…, pn are all true. The argument is valid if the conditional
(𝑝1 ∧ 𝑝2 ∧ … ∧ 𝑝𝑛 ) → 𝑞 is a tautology.
An argument (𝑝1 ∧ 𝑝2 ∧ … ∧ 𝑝𝑛 ) → 𝑞, which is not valid is called a fallacy.
Example 1
Prove that the argument ((p → 𝑞) ˄ 𝑝) → 𝑞 known as Modus Ponens is valid.
Solution
Show that ((p → 𝑞) ˄ 𝑝 ) → 𝑞 is a tautology.
p Q p→q (p → 𝒒) ˄ 𝒑 (p → 𝒒) ˄ 𝒑 → 𝒒
T T T T T
T F F F T
F T T F T
F F T F T
Since ((p → 𝑞) ˄ 𝑝) → 𝑞 is a tautology, then the argument is valid.
Example 2
Prove that the argument ((p → 𝑞) ˄ 𝑞 → 𝑝 is a fallacy. This is known as the Fallacy of the
Converse.
Solution
Show that ((p → 𝑞) ˄ 𝑞 → 𝑝 is not a tautology using the truth table.
p Q p→q (p → 𝒒) ˄ 𝒒 ((p → 𝒒) ˄ 𝒒 → 𝒑
T T T T T
T F F F T
F T T T F
F F T F T
On the third row, the premises q and p → q are both true but the conclusion p is false.
The given argument is a fallacy.

Example 3
Determine whether the argument is valid.
If triangle T1 and T2 are congruent, then they are similar. Triangles T 1 and T2 are congruent.
Therefore, triangles T1 and T2 are similar.
Solution
The argument is valid by Modus Ponens. Furthermore, we know that from the geometry of
triangles that congruent triangles are also similar (but similar are not necessary congruent).
Learning Competency with code
The learner is able to illustrate different types of tautologies and fallacies and determine the
validity of categorical syllogisms (M11GM-IIi-1-2,Quarter II)
Directions/Instructions:
A. Complete the truth table for the given statement to show that the compound statement
is a tautology.
1. p → (p ˅ q)
p q p˅q p → (p ˅ q)
T T
T F
F T
F F
2. p → (q ˅ p)
p Q q˅p p → (q ˅ p)
T T
T F
F T
F F

3. (p → q) ↔ (~ q → ~ p)
p q p→q ~q ~p ~q→~p (p → q) ↔ (~ q → ~ p)
T T
T F
F T
F F
4. (p ˅ (~p)) ˄ (q ˅ (~ q))
p q ~p p˅~p ~q q˅~q (p ˅ (~ p)) ˄ (q ˅ (~ q))
T T
T F
F T
F F
5. ~ (p ˄ q) ↔ (~ p ˅ ~ q)
p Q p˄q ~ (p ˄ q) ~p ~q ~p˅~q ~ (p ˄ q) ↔ (~ p ˅ ~ q)
T T
T F
F T
F F
B. Determine whether the symbolic form of the argument is valid or a fallacy using a truth
table.
𝑝 →𝑞
𝑝
1. ∴𝑝
𝑝˅𝑞
2. ∴𝑝 ˄ 𝑞
𝑝 ˅ ~𝑞
~𝑞
3. ∴~𝑝
~𝑝 ˄ 𝑞
𝑝↔𝑟
4. ∴𝑝 ˄ 𝑟
𝑝→𝑞
𝑞→𝑟
5.
∴~𝑞 → ~ 𝑟

C. Determine whether the following arguments are valid. If it is valid, identify the rule of
inference which justifies the validity otherwise identify the type of fallacy exhibited by the
argument.
1. All tigers are mammals.

No mammals are creatures with scales.
Therefore, no tigers are creatures with scales
2. All spider monkeys are elephants.

No elephants are animals.
Therefore, no spider monkeys are animals
3. Today isn’t a holiday.

If there will be mail delivery, then today isn’t a holiday.
Therefore, there will be mail delivery.
4. If today is Tuesday, then I have to finish my homework.

If I have to finish my homework, then I have to go to work.
Therefore, if today is Tuesday, then I have to go work.
5. If you drive a BMW, then you are a telemarketer

If you are a telemarketer, then you are rolling in cash.
Therefore, if you drive a BMW, then you are rolling in cash.
6. You sell used cars, or you are charming.

You don’t sell used cars.
Therefore, you are charming.
7. If you will bring me a cake, then today is my birthday.

If today is my birthday, then you will send flowers.
Therefore, if you will bring me a cake, then you will send flowers.
8. Today is Monday, or life doesn’t look bleak.

Today is Monday.
Therefore, life looks bleak.
9. You floss twice a day, or you don’t brush after every meal.
You floss twice a day.
Therefore, you brush after every meal.
10. If today is a holiday, then we’ll have a picnic.

Today is holiday.
Therefore, we’ll have a picnic.

Reflection
What I have learned in this activity
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
References:
Department of Education General Mathematics (Teacher’s Guide).2016
Orines, Fernando B. Next Century Mathematics (General Mathematics).Phoenix
Publishing House, Inc.2016
Oronce, Orlando A. General Mathematics. Rex Book Store.2016
http://www.math.fsu.edu

Answer Key
A
1. p → (p ˅ q)
p q p˅q p → (p ˅ q)
T T T T
T F T T
F T T T
F F F T
2. p → (q ˅ p)
p q q˅p p → (q ˅ p)
T T T T
T F T T
F T T T
F F F T
3. (p → q) ↔ (~ q → ~ p)
p q p→q ~q ~p ~q→~p (p → q) ↔ (~ q → ~ p)
T T T F F T T
T F F T F F T
F T T F T T T
F F T T T T T
4. (p ˅ (~ p)) ˄ (q ˅ (~ q))
p q ~p p˅~p ~q q˅~q (p ˅ (~ p)) ˄ (q ˅ (~ q))
T T F T F T T
T F F T T T T
F T T T F T T
F F T T T T T
5. ~ (p ˄ q) ↔ (~ p ˅ ~ q)
p q p˄q ~ (p ˄ q) ~p ~q ~p˅~q ~ (p ˄ q) ↔ (~ p ˅ ~ q)
T T T F F F F T
T F F T F T T T
F T F T T F T T
F F F T T T T T

B
1. The symbolic statement is ((p → q) ˄ p) → p
p q p→q p → q) ˄ p ((p → q) ˄ p) → p
T T T T T
T F F F T
F T T F T
F F T F T
The entries in the final column of the truth table are all true, so the argument is valid.
2. The symbolic statement is (p ˅ q) → (p ˄ q)

p q p˅q p˄q (p ˅ q) → (p ˄ q)
T T T T T
T F T F F
F T T F F
F F F F T
The entries in the final column of the truth table are not all true, so the argument is a fallacy.
3. The symbolic statement is ((𝑝 ˅ ~𝑞) ˄ ~ 𝑞) → ~ 𝑝

p q ~q p˅~q (𝒑 ˅ ~𝒒) ˄ ~ 𝒒 ~p ((𝒑 ˅ ~𝒒) ˄ ~ 𝒒) → ~ 𝒑
T T F T F F T
T F T T T F F
F T F F F T T
F F T T T T T
4. The symbolic statement is (~𝑝 ˄ 𝑞) ˄ (𝑝 ↔ 𝑟) → (𝑝 ˄ 𝑟)

(~𝒑 ˄ 𝒒) ˄ (𝒑 ↔ 𝒓) →
p q r ~p ~𝒑 ˄ 𝒒 𝒑 ↔ 𝒓 (~𝒑 ˄ 𝒒) ˄ (𝒑 ↔ 𝒓) 𝒑˄𝒓
(𝒑 ˄ 𝒓)
T T T F F T F T T
T T F F F F F F T
T F T F F T F T T
T F F F F F F F T
F T T T T F F F T
F T F T T T T F F
F F T T F F F F T
F F F T F T F F T

5. The symbolic statement is ((𝑝 → 𝑞) ˄ (𝑞 → 𝑟)) → (~𝑞 → ~ 𝑟)
(𝒑 → 𝒒) ˄ ~𝒒 ((𝒑 → 𝒒) ˄ (𝒒 → 𝒓)) →
p q r 𝒑 → 𝒒 𝒒 → 𝒓 ~q ~r
(𝒒 → 𝒓) →~𝒓 (~𝒒 → ~ 𝒓)
T T T T T T F F T T
T T F T F F F T T T
T F T F T F T F F T
T F F F T F T T T T
F T T T T T F F T T
F T F T F F F T T T
F F T T T T T F F F
F F F T T T T T T T
C
1. Valid (Modus Tollens)
2. Valid (Modus Tollens)
3. Invalid (Fallacy Of The Converse)
4. Valid (Rule Of Disjunctive Syllogism)
5. Valid (Law Of Syllogism)
6. Valid (Rule Of Disjunctive Syllogism)
7. Valid (Law Of Syllogism)
8. Invalid (Affirming The Disjunct)
9. Invalid (Affirming The Disjunct)
10. Valid (Modus Ponens)

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Name of Learner: ___________________________ Grade Level: _____________
Section:___________________________________ Date: ___________________

ESTABLISH THE VALIDITY AND FALSITY OF REAL-LIFE ARGUMENTS
USING LOGICAL PROPOSITIONS, SYLLOGISMS, AND FALLACIES
An argument is composed of premises and conclusion. Premises are the statements in

an argument that will help you to draw or create a conclusion. You can easily identify
the conclusion in an argument because of the conclusion indicators such as therefore,
hence, so, thus, consequently, it is shown that and etc.
𝑝1
𝑝2
Premises
Argument ∴𝑞
Conclusion
Arguments can be a valid or a fallacy. An argument is said to be valid if the truth of the
premises logically supports the truth of the conclusion while, it is fallacy/invalid if the
premises do not support convincing reasons for the conclusion. To test its validity, you
can use the different rules of inference such as rule of simplification, rule of addition,
rule of conjunction, modus ponens, modus tollens, law of syllogism, rule of disjunctive
syllogism, rule of contradiction, and rule of proof cases. On the other hand, the different
logical fallacies such as fallacy of the converse, fallacy of the inverse, affirming the
disjunct, fallacy of the consequent, denying a conjunct, and improper transposition will
help you recognize whether an argument is a fallacy or invalid.
Examples:
If there is a power interruption, the ISELCO will notify us. 𝑝 → 𝑞
The ISELCO did not notify us. ∼𝑞
So, there was no power interruption. ∴ ∼𝑝
This argument is valid through Modus Tollens
If it is winter then it is cold. 𝑝→𝑞

It is winter. 𝑝
Therefore, it is cold. ∴ ~𝑞
This argument is valid through Modus Ponens
If it is winter then it is cold. 𝑝→𝑞

It is not winter. ~𝑝
Therefore, it is not cold. ∴ ~𝑞
This argument is invalid or fallacy using the fallacy of the Inverse

Learning Competency
Establish the validity and falsity of real-life arguments using logical propositions, syllogisms,
and fallacies. M11GM-IIi-3
Directions/Instructions: Read and understand the directions in each exercise. If you have
any question, feel free to message your teacher for clarification and assistance.
EXERCISE 1. Determine what rule of inference is used in each item. Write your answer on
the blank provided. [2 points each]
1. If you are a student, then you go to school.

If you go to school, then you have an allowance.
Therefore, if you are a student, then you have an allowance.
Answer: ___________________
2. The statement is either true or false.

The statement is not false.
Therefore, the statement is true.
Answer: ___________________
3. If logic is an easy subject, then the students are happy.

The students are not happy.
So, logic is not an easy subject.
Answer: ___________________
4. All riders wear helmets.

Allan doesn’t wear a helmet.
Therefore, Allan isn’t a rider.
Answer: ___________________
5. Everybody will be happy if a scientist can discover a medicine that cures coronavirus.
Everybody is happy.
Thus, a scientist discovered a medicine that cures coronavirus.
Answer: ___________________

Exercise 2. Determine what a logical fallacy is used in each item. Write your answer on the
blank provided. [2 points each]
1. You use either Google Map or Waze to reach your destination.

You used Google Map to reach your destination.
Therefore, you did not use Waze to reach your destination.
Answer: ___________________
2. It is not true that classes starts in August and online class will be implemented.
Classes did not start on August.
Therefore, online class is implemented.
Answer: ___________________
3. If I drink coffee, it will have a sleepless night.

I did not drink coffee.
Thus, it won’t have a sleepless night.
Answer: ___________________
4. If there is a limited supply of foods, then I will preserve foods.

I preserved foods.
Hence, there was a limited supply of goods.
Answer: ___________________
5. All students wear ID.

The guard wears an ID.
Hence, the guard is a student.
Answer: ___________________
EXERCISE 3. Identify whether the following arguments are valid or not. Put a check mark ( ̷
) on the picture if it is valid and (x) mark if it is not valid. [2 points each]
Source:https://thelogicofscience.com/2017/03/14/the-importance-of- Source: http://fleasnobbery.blogspot.com/2011/02/syllogism.html

logical-fallacies/

If you are a monkey, then you are
cute. If you are cute, then you are
my pet. Therefore, if you are a
monkey, then you are my pet.
Source: https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/466826317618791138/ Source:https://www.pinterest.com/pin/129267451778131847/

If you use cellphone You will be
during a storm, you infected with
will be hit by corona virus or
lightning. You were you will stay at
not hit by lightning. home. You were
Therefore, you did not not infected with
use cellphone during a corona virus.
storm. Therefore, you
stayed at home.
Source:https://www.quora.com/Is-it-safe-to-use-cell-phones-during- Source: https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/stay-at-home-stop-corona-virus-
lightning concept-vector-illustrator-gm1213503886-352699947
EXERCISE 4. Create a valid conclusion from each set of premises. If no valid conclusion is
possible, write “no valid conclusion.” [2 points each]
1. If it rains, then the weather is cold.

If the weather is cold, then I fall asleep quickly.
___________________________________________
2. If you stay at home, then you are safe.

If you are safe, then spreading of virus will be lessen.
___________________________________________
3. All riders wear helmets.

Allan wear a helmet.
___________________________________________
4. If Ivana Alawi is a famous vlogger, then she knows how to edit videos.
Ivana Alawi is not a famous vlogger.
___________________________________________

5. The season in the Philippines is either wet or dry.
The season in the Philippines is not wet.
____________________________________________
EXERCISE 5. Think and write out two valid arguments you have encountered in your daily
life. [5 points each]
1. _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Reflection
Write your insights about the activities you have undertaken.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
References
Verzosa, D. et. Al. (2016). General Mathematics. Lexicon Press Inc.
https://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~stark/SticiGui/Text/reasoning.htm
https://math.libretexts.org/Courses/Monroe_Community_College/MTH_220_Discrete_Math/
2%3A_Logic/2.6_Arguments_and_Rules_of_Inference
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/stay-at-home-stop-corona-virus-concept-vector-illustrator-
gm1213503886-352699947

Answer Key
EXERCISE 1
1. Law of Syllogism
2. Rule of Disjunctive Syllogism
3. Modus Tollens
4. Modus Tollens
5. Modus Ponens
EXERCISE 2
1. Affirming the disjunct
2. Denying a Conjunct
3. Fallacy of the inverse
4. Fallacy of the converse
5. Fallacy of converse
EXERCISE 3
Source:https://thelogicofscience.com/2017/03/14/the-importance-of-logical-
fallacies/ Source: http://fleasnobbery.blogspot.com/2011/02/syllogism.html
If you are a monkey, then you are

cute. If you are cute, then you are
my pet. Therefore, if you are a
monkey, then you are my pet.
Source: https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/466826317618791138/ Source:https://www.pinterest.com/pin/129267451778131847/

If you use cellphone You will be
during a storm, you will infected
be hit by lightning. You with corona
were not hit by lightning. virus or you
Therefore, you did not use will stay at
cellphone during a storm. home. You
were not
infected
Source:https://www.quora.com/Is-it-safe-to-
use-cell-phones-during-lightning with corona
virus.
Therefore, you stayed at home.

EXERCISE 4.
1. Therefore, if it rains, then I fall asleep quickly.
2. Therefore, if you stay at home, then spreading of virus will be lessen.
3. No valid conclusion
4. No valid conclusion
5. Therefore, the season in the Philippines is dry
EXERCISE 5. Answers may vary.

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11

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page i

Printed in DepEd Regional Office No. 02

PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page ii

Illustrates simple and compound interests 1

PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page iii

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Background Information of Learners

Activity 1: BLAST from the PAST

PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page 1

PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page 2

Activity 3: Dig Deeper

PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page 3

4. How do you find the maturity value in simple interest?

5. How do you find the maturity value in simple interest?

PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page 4

COMPOUND INTEREST (ANNUAL)

PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page 5

COMPOUND INTEREST (ANNUAL)

PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page 6

A= P( 1+r)t *If compounded annually for n years

where: A =maturity value; P =principal and I= interest

PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page 7

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Background Information of Learners

PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page 8

Activity 1: Check My Understanding!

PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page 9

Activity 2: How well Do You know Me?

PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page 10

Activity 3: Performance Tasks

PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page 11

Describe the data under the “Amount Due”

PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page 12

PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page 13

PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page 14

Name of Learner:_____________________ Grade Level:________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Background Information for Learners

Maturity (Future) Value

PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page 15

Maturity (Future) Value and Compound Interest

PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page 16

Therefore, an amount of ₱43,464.49 was originally invested to earn ₱70,000 in 5 years at

Maturity Value, Compounding m times a year

PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page 17

Present Value P at Compound Interest

Therefore, an amount of ₱32,196.38 was invested at 9% compounded semi-annually due in 5

PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page 18

5,000 12% 12 (1.) 5 (2.) (3.) (4.)

PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page 19

What meaningful lessons have you learned from this topic??

Reference for Learners

PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page 20

5,000 12% 12 1% 5 60 4,083.48 9,083.48

PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page 21

1. Marie (Simple Interest)

2. (a. )3.65% compounded quarterly

₱351,497.81 ₱345,011.83 ₱358,804.44

PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES Page 22

Learning Activity Sheet

Background Information for Learners

Interest is a common mathematical ideas which is usually associated to business

Name of Learner:_____________ Grade Level:

Name of Learner: ________________________ Grade Level: _