Adobe Photoshop

Ins computer studies
Your Satisfaction is Our Pride
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP
Tute By
Mohamed Insaaf
inscomputerstudies@gmail.com
076 8623352
Introduction to Photoshop
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Editing images make them more attractive and eye catching. Photoshop
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is raster based graphics program developed by Adobe Corporation.
It is often used to crop and resize pictures and creates stunning images
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by adding attractive effects.
Adobe Photoshop includes rich user interface. Its feature set can be
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expanded by Photoshop plug-ins. So you can implement Adobe
Photoshop for all your image editing needs.
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What is Adobe Photoshop?
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Photoshop is the leading professional image editing program, released

by Adobe Photoshop is useful for both creating and editing images to
be used in print or online. Easy to use, but full of high-quality features,
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Photoshop is the best choice for any image manipulation job.
For what can this software application be used?

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(Adobe Photoshop is the industry standard, market leader,

image editing application)
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4 Editing / Enhancing / Retouching Digital Photography.

4 Restoring Old Photographs
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4 Creating Graphics / Logos from scratch for either print projects

or web design.
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4 Digital Paintings / Art utilizing photographs and / or sensitive

graphics tablets.
Mohamed Insaaf - 076 8623352 inscomputerstudies@gmail.com Page 01

Adobe Photoshop Tools
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Tools & Functions
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Move Tool
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Move IconThe move tool allows you to move a selection or entire
layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows
keys. The move tool is located at the top right of the Photoshop
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Toolbox.
When the move tool is selected, click and drag anywhere in the
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image. By default, if an area is selected the selection will be moved,
otherwise the whole layer will be moved. See the options bar
for more options.
Alternatively, use your arrow keys to move the selection or layer

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in small increments. Hold down the Shift key to move in larger
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increments.
Note: You can activate the move tool when another tool is selected
by holding down the Ctrl key (Windows) or Command key (Mac OS).
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Marquee Tool
The Marquee selection tool is the most basic way to interact with
objects in Photoshop, allowing you to draw a shape
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(i.e. rectangle, ellipse) or one-pixel

line that selects any object inside its
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dimensions. Admittedly, this tool lacks

precision, but if you have simple images
or shapes that need editing, the
Marquee will get the job done. Below, we've shared how to use the
various Marquee selection tools, how to add or subtract from a
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current selection, and other important tips.

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Marquee Types
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There are four main versions of the Marquee selection tool, located in the
Tools panel
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Rectangular Marquee
Draw a rectangular box around your selection.
Elliptical Marquee
Draw an ellipse around your selection. This is also a handy tool for
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creating vignette effects.
Single Row Marquee
Make a horizontal selection that's only one pixel tall, and as wide as
you like. This is an excellent way to create lines and divide images
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into segments.
Single Column Marquee
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Make a vertical selection that's one pixel wide, and as tall as you like.
Making a Selection
Launch your current Photoshop project and select one of the Marquee tools
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from the Tools panel. By default, the Rectangular Marquee should be the
only visible icon in the panel, but if you click and hold your cursor over the
icon, you'll see a submenu with the other Marquee tools.
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Now, click and drag anywhere on your image to make a new selection.
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When you release the mouse button, your marquee should still be visible
as a dashed line. For an even more precise selection, you can input specific
dimensions by choosing "Style" > "Enter Specific Values" from the
top menu bar. Then, enter the pixel height and width, and click on the image
to create a selection with those exact specifications.
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Drawing a Square or Circular Marquee
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When you make a selection with the Rectangular or Elliptical Marquee,
there are no limits to how skinny or wide you can make the shape.
If you'd like the shape to be a perfect square or circle, hold the Shift key
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while drawing your marquee and Photoshop will
constrain the dimensions for you.
Adding, Subtracting, and Intersecting
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Once you've drawn an initial marquee, you can amend it with a variety
of options, which are located in the top options bar. For a given selection,
you can use these options as many times as you like. They include:
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New Selection
If you're not happy with your current selection, click this icon to
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eliminate it, and then start dragging anywhere on the image to start over.
Add to Selection
If you'd like to expand your current selection, click this icon and then
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draw a new selection that intersects with the previous one.

Photoshop will combine the two marquees into one large selection.
Subtract from Selection
If you'd like to remove an area of your current selection, click this icon
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and then drag over the area that you want to subtract.
Intersect with Selection
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After clicking "Add to Selection" and drawing a new addition, choose this
option to only keep the areas that overlap between the two selections.
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Lasso Tool
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Have you ever wondered “What is the Photoshop Lasso tool?”
If so, you’re in for a pleasant surprise.
Once you learn how to use this useful tool,
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you’ll wonder how you ever edited
images without it!
Quickly Make Selections

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If you need to select part of an image that is not perfectly circular or
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rectangular, you won’t be able to use the standard Marquee tool.
Fortunately, the Lasso tool gives you the ability to select areas of an image
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by freehand. So, if you don’t fully trust your ability to use the more
advanced Pen tool, the Lasso tool will become one of your most
convenient resources. There are three different types of Lasso tools
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available on Photoshop: the standard Lasso, Polygonal and Magnetic.

They all allow you to make image selections, but they use different
methods to help you achieve the same end goal.
Standard Lasso
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The Standard Lasso tool is appropriate if you need to draw freeform

border segments in an image. For example, if you need to select an item
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of clothing or any other shape in an image that doesn’t fit nicely into
Photoshop’s geometry-based Marquee tools, the Standard Lasso
will help you achieve your goal.
Polygonal Lasso
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The Polygonal Lasso tool allows you to draw straight-sided selections,

similarly to the Pen Tool. It’s useful for selecting images that appear to be
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rectangular, but aren’t. If the Rectangular Marquee Tool doesn’t fit

nicely around the portion of an image you want to select, use the
Polygonal Lasso. It will give you the freedom to create straight-sided
lines around your image selection.
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Magnetic Lasso
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Have you always wished Photoshop would create an error-free object
selection tool that would automatically correct your lazy outlines
around objects? If so, you will fall in love with the Magnetic Lasso.
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It detects edges in your image, then modifies your outline based on
those edges. So, as you move the cursor around an object to select it,
the Magnetic Lasso adjusts your imperfect outline so that it follows the
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natural edges of the selected object. It isn’t 100 percent accurate,
especially if the edges of your selection aren’t clearly-defined, but it’s a
lot more reliable than tracing an image freehand!
Magic Wand Tool
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The Photoshop Magic Wand is one of the oldest tools in the
software's toolkit, and it still serves a powerful function when
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selecting and editing images. Unlike the Lasso or other selection

tools, the Magic Wand selects pixels that are roughly the same
color or tone. This works especially well when selecting sections
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that show extreme contrast. Below, we've shared some of the

Magic Wand's essential features, as well as a
practical example to show how you can use the
tool in your own creative projects
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Selecting the Wand

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First, you'll find the Magic Wand tool in your main toolbar, underneath
the Quick Selection tool. To access it, click and hold on the
Quick Selection icon (it looks like a paintbrush drawing a dotted circle)
to bring up a submenu, and then choose "Magic Wand Tool".
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Before using the Magic Wand, let's get familiar with the tool's unique
options, which can be found in the top options bar:
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Tolerance
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If you're trying to select an area of an image with a gradient in color or
tone, you can use the Tolerance value to change the acceptable range
that will be included in the selection. For example, a Tolerance value
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of 50 will include the color that you clicked on, as well as colors that are
up to 50 shades darker and brighter. Meanwhile, a Tolerance value of 0
will limit the selection to the color you initially clicked on.
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Anti-Alias
Sometimes, your Magic Wand selection will have a jagged outline
(because of the pixels), and enabling "Anti-Alias" will help to smoothen
those edges. Essentially, the software will apply a subtle blur to your
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selection, so that it's more appealing to the naked eye.
Contiguous
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This handy option allows you to select a color gradient in one isolated
section of your image, or analyze the entire image for the desire gradient.
For example, if your image has two large sections with the same blue hue,
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but they're separated with a thick black line, the Contiguous option will
keep your Magic Wand selection in the area that you clicked on.
Unchecking the box, however, will result in both blue areas being selected.
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Sample All Layers

Finally, this option allows Photoshop to search every layer in your current
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project, and select any section that matches the color/tone range that you
selected with the Magic Wand. By default, Sample All Layers is disabled,
but there may be a situation where you need to isolate a specific color
throughout multiple layers.
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Crop and Perspective Crop
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Below, we've outlined the basics of cropping. You'll learn how to
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harness Photoshop's versatile Crop tool,
and why the technique is so essential for
cleaning up images.
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What is Cropping?
If you want to remove distracting sections of an image, so that your
subject becomes the real centerpiece of your work, you need to use the
Crop tool. Essentially, cropping allows you to trim an image and refine
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the overall composition. This process is non-destructive, which means
you can always retrieve the sections that you've deleted from the frame.
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Here are just a few applications where the Crop tool comes in handy:
4 Adjusting your image's aspect ratio, so it can be printed to scale.
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4Featuring the most important section of your image.

4Getting rid of elements that detract from the composition.
4Change an image's orientation from horizontal to vertical
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Cropping an Image in Photoshop

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First, select the Crop tool (it looks like a square with long edges) from the
main toolbar. If you click and drag on your image, you can start cropping
right away, but we recommend adjusting the crop options first. These can
be found in the top options bar, and they include:
4 Aspect Ratio: Choose the default boundaries of your crop box.
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You can enter your own Width and Height values, or choose a preset
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from the dropdown menu.

4 Overlay Options: This enables a ruler-style grid that can help you
measure dimensions before cropping. Press O to change between the
different guides, including the Rule of Thirds and Golden Ratio.

Cropping an Image in Photoshop
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4 Delete Crop Pixels: We recommend de-selecting this box, so that any
pixels you crop can still be retrieved. Otherwise, they will be
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deleted forever.
Now, click and drag on the image to determine your crop boundaries.
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When you're happy with the new dimensions,
press Enter to complete the crop.
Using Perspective Crop
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This supplementary tool allows you to transform an image's perspective
via cropping. For example, if you've taken a photo at a slight angle, but
want it to be a straight-on shot, the Perspective Crop tool will stretch the
photo out to change the overall perspective.
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To access the Perspective Crop tool, click and hold your mouse over
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the main Crop icon to bring up a submenu. Click and drag a marquee
box around your image, so that the dimensions match up with the
object's real edges (and not the distorted edges of your photo).
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Then, press enter to finish the crop.

Cropping the Image Canvas
Using the normal Crop tool, you can also change the dimensions of
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your canvas, regardless of whether an image is loaded. When you

initially select the Crop tool, you should see a border appear on the
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edge of your canvas. You can click and drag on the handles to adjust
an individual side, or hold Alt while dragging to resize the entire canvas.
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Measuring Tools
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Eyedropper Tool
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How To Use the Eyedropper Tool in Photoshop
Processing is a large part of photography,
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and it takes some work to take a shot from your
camera and turn it into a finished piece.
Brilliant colors can make an image pop off the
screen, and you can borrow a hue from one section and use it to fill in
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another area that didn’t achieve the desired brilliance due to poor
lighting and other conditions. To help you do this, Adobe Photoshop
has a simple tool that allows you to sample a shade from anywhere in
the frame. Here’s a look at how to use the eyedropper tool in Photoshop
and a few advanced tricks to get the most out of this function.
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How the Eyedropper Tool Works
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When you find a color that you’d like to use elsewhere in your project,
select the eyedropper tool from the menu on the left. Drag the cursor
around the frame until you reach the desired area and click the left
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mouse button to take a sample. Once you make a selection, that hue is
designated as the new foreground color for paint brushes, lines,
airbrushes and other tools. If you’d like to designate the coloration to be
used for backgrounds, you can either hold down the Alt key when making
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your selection or click the reverse arrows on the foreground and

background palette.
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Advanced Tips
While the eyedropper tool is straightforward in its basic operation,
there are some tricks you can use to squeeze some extra functionality
out for your project. If you’d like to get more precise with your selection,
you can press the caps lock key to limit your sample to a single pixel.
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You can also find colors from outside your project if you see the perfect
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shade while browsing the web. If you shrink the Photoshop window to a
size where the other image is visible, you can select the eyedropper tool,
click and hold down the left mouse button while dragging to the other
photograph and lift your new foreground or background hue from your
web browser, desktop wallpaper or other image sources.
How To Use the Ruler Tool in Photoshop
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Wondering how to use the ruler tool in Photoshop? Fortunately, it’s a
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pretty easy tool to master. Once you learn how it works, you can easily
straighten out crooked photos and accurately measure angles and
distances in an image.
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Pull Up Your Ruler Tool
If you can’t see the ruler tool in Photoshop, click on your “View” header
and select “Rulers”. You can also use the shortcut “Ctrl-R” to do the
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same thing. Your ruler options should pop right up.
Select the Right Unit of Measurement
The Photoshop ruler displays pixels by default, but you can change the
unit of measurement as desired by right-clicking on the ruler.
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A drop-down menu will appear with a selection of choices, including
inches, points, millimeters, centimeters, pica and percent.
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Draw a Measuring Line

To draw a measuring line, the ruler tool options bar must be visible.
Once you have confirmed that it is visible, click and drag the ruler tool
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in your open image document window. As you drag, the ruler tool will
measure the area and display the measurement units in the ruler
options bar.
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Clear the Measurement

Once you’re done measuring an image, click on the “Clear” button to
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remove the current measurement. If you need to make another

measurement, begin the process again by clicking and dragging the
ruler tool over the area you want to measure.
Straighten Images
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The ruler tool can be used to straighten images. To do this, simply

select the layer with the image you want to straighten, draw a reference
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line using your ruler (horizontal or vertical), then select the options
“Image,” “Rotation,” and “Arbitrary”. Alternatively, you can also use the
crop tool to quickly straighten images without drawing a ruler line.

Create a Protractor
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The ruler tool in Photoshop has a protractor mode that can be used to
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draw a second measuring line that’s connected to the first.
To use this tool, draw your first measuring line, then click “Option/Alt”
while clicking on the desired end point of the first line and dragging out
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your second line. The angle measurements will be updated in real time
as you drag out your second line.
Retouching Tools
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Retouching images is a complex process that involves mastering a
few of Photoshop’s most useful tools.
Once you understand each, it is easy
to remove unwanted objects, clone
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new objects, adjust lighting conditions,
and even correct for conflicting light
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sources to produce a better, more

professional picture.
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Removing Objects From Images

There are two tools that will help you when your retouching tasks include
object removal. The first is the Healing Brush, which lets you spot-heal
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small blemishes and unwanted objects. The other is the Patch Tool,
which allows you to select an area to use as a patch and then move it to
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another area. Using them with a Blur or Smudge tool helps make sure
your edges look natural, so remember to use them whenever you are
Photoshop retouching images and you need to remove objects smoothly.
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Adding Objects to Images With Duplication
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If you want to duplicate an object in an image, you want to use the
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Clone Stamp tool. This tool lets you cut out an area and then stamp it onto
a new part of the picture, effectively duplicating the original.
You can adjust the size of the stamp, too, allowing you to move an item and
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resize it, then remove the original to get the proper visual balance
in a composition.
Using this method involves using a lasso-style selection tool to outline the
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area you will stamp, then sizing the stamp properly for your application.
Then, you can apply that stamp to the photo to create your duplicate item.
Removing Large Objects With Content-Aware Fill
The Content-Aware Fill option is the last tool to master before you
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understand how to use Photoshop retouching tools thoroughly. In the
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Layers menu, select the layer with the large item you want to remove.
Then follow these steps.
4 Select the item you want to remove, with a little bit of the
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background around it.

4 Click on Fill > Content Aware Fill
4 Click inside your selection
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Patch Tool
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What Is the Patch Tool in Photoshop?
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Understanding the Patch tool in Adobe Photoshop is an essential photo
retouching skill that users need to master to fully embrace the program’s
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photo editing ability. It is related to the Healing Brush tool, and it serves a
distinct but similar function. Both tools help match the texture,
lighting, and shading of sampled pixels to a source area. The difference is
that where healing brush changes areas with the touch of the brush, the
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Patch tool in Photoshop changes a predefined selection. This makes it
useful when correcting photos with unwanted blemishes in some areas.
Working With the Patch Tool
What is the Patch tool in Photoshop? It’s your key to creating new images
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that look like originals, allowing you to take your photo editing projects
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up to a truly professional level. When you need to use it, you will find it
behind the Healing Brush tool in the tools panel.
Select it and then follow these simple steps:
01. Since the tool works in a similar way to the Lasso selection tool,
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use it to select an area the same way you would use the Lasso.
02. Choose either source or destination mode in the Options bar.
03. Next, move the cursor over the selected area.
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Drag it wherever you want it to go.

04. Watch the preview as you move the selection to better understand
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how the image will appear when you let go of the mouse or stylus.
05. When you have the selection positioned right where you want it,
release the mouse or styles and the Patch tool in Photoshop will
blend the pixels from the source or destination area into the
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selection seamlessly.
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Uses of the Patch Tool
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Understanding what the tool is and how it operates is the first step to
mastering it. The other side of it is understanding when it’s the right tool
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for the job. It’s your way of deleting unwanted background elements from
your compositions. Take an unsightly sailboat out of your sunset if it’s
in the wrong spot or remove sidewalk trash from the concrete
in your street photos.
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You can even smooth over cracks in brick walls, streets, and other
unsightly blemishes, and beautify your shots so you get the images you
want out of your photography. You can even use it to duplicate elements,
adding in an extra tree or bird as needed for balance.
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The possibilities are endless.
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Clone Stamp Tool

How To Use the Clone Stamp Tool
The clone stamp tool is a feature of Adobe Photoshop that many users
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grow to love quickly. It’s great for retouching photographs and adding
artistic flair. Here are some helpful tips for using the clone
stamp tool effectively.
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Clone Stamp Tool Basics

To practice using this tool, open a colorful image and save it under a new
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file name. Next, look for the Clone Stamp tool. It has a stamp icon and
is located on the toolbar directly underneath the Brush tool.
1. Choose brush settings: Right click anywhere on the screen to bring up a
box with Clone Stamp options. Drag the Size slider to the right or left
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until you’re happy with the brush size.

2. Set the Clone Stamp tool’s point of origin: Hold down the Alt/Option
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(Windows/Mac) key and left-click on the part of your image that you want
to clone. A small crosshair will appear.

3. Begin painting: Now left-click anywhere on the screen.
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A perfect copy of the area of the image under the crosshair will show up.
Hold down the left mouse button and drag it around the screen to clone
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larger portions of the picture.
Continue playing around with the clone tool until you feel confident with
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how it works. Use Alt + left-click to set various clone points,
and practice painting just the right amount.
Additional Clone Stamp Options
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Several drop-down menus and check boxes appear at the top of the
document after selecting the Clone Stamp tool. Here’s what they mean:
4 Opacity: Low opacity settings create transparency affects.
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4 Flow: Flow gradually increases opacity the longer you hold down
the mouse.
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4 Aligned: If this box is checked, the part of the image cloned stays
relative to your mouse position.
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When cloning, you’re not limited to using the present file. You can capture
the background from a different open document using the same process,
and paint it into any image you want.
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Eraser Tool
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Eraser tool Photoshop's eraser tool can be found in the second group of
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icons in the toolbox.
It has three variations:
Eraser, Background Eraser
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and Magic Eraser.
The eraser is basically a brush which erases pixels as you drag it across
the image. Pixels are erased to transparency, or the background colour
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if the layer is locked.
When you select the eraser tool, you have various options available
in the toolbar:
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Brush: Options include the size of the eraser, hardness of edges and
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various styles. Brush options are not available in block mode.
Mode: There are three options: brush (soft edges), pencil (hard edges)
and block (square brush size).
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Opacity: 100% opacity erases pixels completely, 0% does not erase at all.
50% is semi-transparent (or coloured).
Opacity is not available in block mode.
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Flow: Determines how quickly the erasure is applied by the brush.

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Lower settings produce a more subtle effect. Only available in

brush mode.
Airbrush: Use the eraser as an airbrush. Only available in brush mode.

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Erase to History: Erases to a saved state or snapshot of the image.

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To use this feature, click the left column in the history palette
next to the desired state.

Background Eraser Tool
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The background eraser tool allows you to remove the background colour
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from an image or layer. When you click the image, the eraser samples the
colour at the centre of the brush and erases this colour as you drag.
Options in the toolbar allow you to specify the type of erasure, colour
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tolerance and sampling method.
Magic Eraser Tool

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The magic eraser tool erases all colours within a set tolerance.
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This is essentially the same as using the magic wand and hitting Delete.
Using this tool you don't need to drag — just click once.
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Blur Tool
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A photo with a busy background can be distracting and divert attention
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away from your subject. If you have no control over the background
during your shoot, you can still make alterations using an image editing
application such as Photoshop. Photoshop
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contains a Blur tool which can be used to
selectively soften regions of your photo.
Painting with the Blur tool gives you more control
than using one of the blur filters, as you can use multiple strokes to
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increase the amount of blur in certain areas.
1. Open Adobe Photoshop CC and press "Ctrl-O" to select the image

that you want to edit. Click "Open" to add the image to your
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Photoshop workspace.
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2. Click the Quick Selection tool from the Toolbox and select the parts
of the image that you do not want to blur. You can also use the Lasso
or Pen tools to separate the foreground from the background when
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dealing with complex shapes.
3. Press "Shift-Ctrl-I" to invert your selection. Keeping the foreground

and background elements of the image separate ensures that you only
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blur the background when working with the Blur brush.

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4. Select the Blur tool from the Toolbox and press "[" or "]" to decrease
or increase the brush size.
5. Click the brush preset picker from the Options bar and select a soft,
round pressure size brush.
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6. Set the strength of the brush stroke from the Options bar to determine
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how much each brush stroke blurs the background.

7. Click and drag the mouse cursor over the background of the image
to apply the blur effect. Use multiple passes over an area to
increase the amount of blur.
8. Press "Ctrl-D" to deselect the background and view your image.

Press "Shift-Ctrl-S" and save your image if you are satisfied with
the results.

Sharpen Tool
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What is the Sharpen Tool?
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Adobe Photoshop includes a number of useful tools that allow you to
accomplish a variety of effects in your images. One of those is the
Sharpen tool, which enables you to tighten up a picture and make it
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clearer by making it sharper. However, when it is used, it’s important
that you be careful because overusing it can make your images appear
too grainy or noisy. The best way to use this tool is to take care and
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use a light hand.
Getting the Right Effect

The tool does exactly as its name implies: It sharpens up any image that
is blurry or unclear. It helps to improve the contrast of your image by
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darkening the dark pixels and brightening up lighter ones. As a result,
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edges are better defined, making the object in the photo pop more
and giving it more contrast. When you use this tool, it may make other
objects in the image that you did not sharpen appear artistically blurred.
Shadows beneath the objects you sharpen may also stand out more,
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giving off a cooler effect while the objects themselves stand out more.
Help Objects Stand Out

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The tool is most commonly used to make a specific object or objects

within a photo stand out more. Sometimes, the object you want to
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sharpen is a part of a person’s face in a portrait-style image. If the eyes

seem a bit too soft, you would be able to use the tool to select the eyes
and sharpen them. You can even play around with underlying layers of
colors in the object to be sharpened.
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Unlock Pressure-Sensitive Sharpening
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With newer versions of Adobe Photoshop, this tool offers enhanced
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features. One of those is known as “Protect Detail.” This is a feature
that allows the user to rely on pressure-sensitive sharpening with a
brush-like touch without introducing additional negative artifacts into
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the photo. In other words, in previous versions of Photoshop, it was
possible to have your sharpened image come out lower-quality thanks
to the changes made by the effect. Thankfully, this doesn’t happen
in CS5 and newer versions.
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Sharpen Wisely
This tool is excellent for simply sharpening an object or feature within
a photo where it is blurry or unclear. It’s also great when you want to
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create an added focus on a particular object. For example, if you took a
picture of a flower while outdoors but it came out a bit blurred, the tool
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would work well to sharpen it and make it more focal to the image.
However, if the focus of your image is already sharp and vibrant,
it would not be a good idea to use the tool because it would just
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distort it. Also, if you sharpen it too much, it can take away from the
quality of the picture.
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Smudge Tool
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What is the Smudge Tool?
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The Smudge tool is a Photoshop feature that allows you to mix or blend
the content in an area of your image. It is included among the
program’s Focus tools and works a lot like painting in real life.
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Used correctly, this tool can help you create a variety of unique
artistic effects.
Think of It Like Paint
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Imagine that you are painting a seashore image on a canvas.
You want the blue of the water to slide gradually into the tan of the
sand, so you use your brush to blend the colors together in that area
of the painting. The colors mix and perhaps muddy a bit, and the
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result is a softer transition from one area of the picture to the next.
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This is essentially how Photoshop’s Smudge tool works. Applying

this tool to an area of your layout has a similar effect to rubbing a
brush over wet paint. Only, instead of moving paint, you are
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manipulating an image’s pixels.

How Smudging Works in Photoshop
Smudging is not a one-size-fits-all process. With the Smudge tool,
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the point in the layout on which you click is the color that you will be
moving around the area. You can also choose the size of the brush
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that you use for smudging. A larger brush size will smudge a larger
area than a small brush. Therefore, if you are doing precise work,
it can be wise to size down. You can also select the strength of the effect.
Make it stronger if you want a definite smudging effect or lighter
for a barely-there smudge.
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When to Use This Effect
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This tool creates a smearing effect. It’s also handy for when you want to
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soften the edges of an image, though it works differently than the
blur tool. Smudge can also be used all over the project to give it the
look that it was crafted by hand. Done right, the finished layout may
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resemble an oil painting.
Another smart use for this Photoshop tool is to cover up small defects
or blemishes. Smudge a nearby shade over the problem area so it will
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blend more readily into its surroundings. In the opposite way, smudge
the dark color from a shadow into the image to create definition or
make body parts appear smaller.
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As handy as the effect is, it is not appropriate for every situation.
With the Smudge tool, detail is easily compromised or lost.
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Therefore, it should not be used when preserving detail is critical.

Until you become familiar with this tool, it can be easy to apply too
much smudge. When first trying it out, it may be a good idea to use
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a small brush size and a light setting and move slowly over a small area.
After some practice, you may feel ready to use a larger
brush or higher strength.
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Dodge Tool
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What is the Dodge Tool?
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In Photoshop, there is a wide range of useful tools that even some of the
more advanced designers aren’t using to their
full potential. Possibly one of the most
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underutilized tools in the Photoshop arsenal is the
Dodge tool. Dodge is part of a pair of tools that
accomplish similar but opposite tasks. Its companion tool is the
Burn tool. Here is an overview of Dodge and how you can use it to
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create stunning depth and rich texture in photos.
The Art of Lightening Pixels

Essentially, Dodge lightens selected pixels, while Burn darkens
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selected pixels. The importance of this is that while there are other
ways to make adjustments to the overall brightness or hue of a photo,
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they generally apply the changes universally, which can give your photo
a somewhat flat feel. By using Burn and Dodge, you can create
contours, shadows and depth, giving your photo an almost
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three-dimensional feel. With Dodge, you can also highlight certain

areas of your photo where you want your viewer’s eye to be drawn.
Paint with Light
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Photography is sometimes referred to as “painting with light” because

master painters like Caravaggio used light in their paintings to create
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stunning richness, texture and depth. Master photographers follow

in these footsteps, but they literally use light rather than a paintbrush
to create texture and depth. Not all photos are shot in a studio, and
setting up lighting just right takes a great deal of time. Thanks to the
Dodge tool, this is no longer necessary. With Dodge, you can create
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a pinpoint of light on exactly the right area of your subject to create

highlights and lowlights, richness and depth.
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How It’s Used
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Even when taken by a professional photographer and a high-end
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camera, photos can sometimes appear very flat. While you can always
adjust your hue, saturation and contrast levels to create a greater
variance between your colors, what often happens is that you still
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end up with a somewhat flat photo because you are making universal
changes to the entire image. By using Burn, you can create greater
contrast by deepening the shadows in certain areas of a photo,
which serves to create an almost 3-dimensional appearance.
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You can make some areas a deep, rich gray while making
others a stark, pitch black.
Another example is with digital art. While some artists use a

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low-transparency black layer for shadows and a low transparency
white layer for highlights, it doesn’t necessarily achieve the dynamic
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effect you might be looking for. Burn works differently, by taking a

color and making it a darker shade until it eventually hits black.
What this means for artwork and photographs is richer, more realistic
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shading and a better look overall. Because it’s used just like a brush,
you can control where the color is burned and how intensely it’s burned.
These tools require a bit of artistic know-how but are
definitely worth mastering.
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When You Would Use It

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Burn is a tool for people who genuinely want to create art with their
photos. It allows you to create intense variety in a photo by darkening
certain aspects, which serves to highlight others. It adds mood or tone
by heightening the variation in darkness and light to the extremes,
giving it a depth and richness that can’t be achieved with a camera alone.
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Similarly, the Dodge tool can be used to do the same thing with whites,
further extending the distance between the darkest blacks and
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the brightest whites.

Make Your Black-and-Whites Pop
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While Burn and Dodge can be used on color photos to create richness
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and depth, the place where they possibly shine the most is on black
and white photos. Many black and white photos lack true, rich
contrast and are instead a somewhat bland series of grays.
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Dodge allows you to brighten whites into crisp, bold pops
of vibrant color. When applied to black and white photos,
Burn and Dodge can turn the blandest and most boring photo
into a stunning, vibrant work of art.
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Dodge is also a great tool for lightening up faces cast in shadows,
applying subtle highlights that make the subject stand out from
the background. Want to create a brilliant beam of sunshine to
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accentuate your toddler’s fine blonde hair? Dodge can do that!
Do you want to create a subtle “spotlight” that shines directly
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on that gorgeous engagement ring? Dodge can take care of that, too!
Burn Tool
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What is the Burn Tool?

The Burn tool is generally used in conjunction with the Dodge tool,
and both achieve essentially the same but opposite results. Here is an
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overview of Burn, how it relates to Dodge and why it is useful.

What It Is
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In essence, Burn darkens the pixels you paint, while Dodge lightens
them. Burn and Dodge are particularly helpful for heightening the
contrast in black and white photos but can also be used to great effect
in color photos as well. The Burn tool works as though you literally
burned the color, eventually darkening it all the way to black
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if applied long enough.

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In color photos, Burn can be used to create deep shadows,
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while Dodge can be used to create patches of brilliant light.
This adds richness, depth and texture. Ideally, every photo taken
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would be lit well, but this is not always the case. Burn and Dodge
allow you to add shadows and create highlights to add rich color to
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even amateur photos. In addition, photos taken outdoors often end
up having white patches from the sun or faces cast in deep shadow.
Burn can darken the white patches, while Dodge can be used to
lighten up shadowy faces.
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Brush Tool
What is the Dodge Tool?
If you’re just getting started in Photoshop, the Brush Tool might not
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have any obvious applications. On the surface
it looks like it’s only good for roughly painting
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colors over top of a photo–not very helpful at all.

But once you become more familiar with tools
like Layer Masks, Blend If, Flow, and Blending Modes, the real power
of the Brush Tool is revealed.
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The Brush Tool is the best way to create and blend subtle effects in
your images. Before you can start to take advantage of it, you’ll want
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to get familiar with the Flow setting. Working with a low Flow
percentage gives you the ability to gradually build up effects the more
you paint. The lower the Flow, the more control you’ll have trying to
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dial in the look that you want.
Let’s take a look at dodging and burning as an example. Dodging and

burning is the process of enhancing the natural highlights and shadows
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in an image to create contrast and add dimension. A common technique

is to create a Curves Adjustment Layer, make the image a little bit
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brighter, invert the Layer Mask of the Curves Layer, and then Paint
with white over the highlights you want to enhance.

Now if you started painting with a Flow of 100%, the effect would be
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way too pronounced, creating highlights that are much too bright.
You don’t have any control. But if you set your flow to 5%, you’ll
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be able to paint over the highlights multiple times, enhancing them a
tiny bit more with each stroke. Flow allows you build up the effect
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gradually, for a much more subtle and realistic look.
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Pen Tool
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Master the Pen Tool in Photoshop
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We start with the basics. Learn to draw a line,
a curve, and get an understanding of how paths
and vectors work in Photoshop. The goal is to get
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you comfortable using the Pen Tool, whether
you’re making shapes or tracing an image.
Remove a Background
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The key to changing a background in Photoshop is to start with a great
selection. The Pen Tool is the most precise way to make sure you
get every bit of your subject selected so that they look whole and
natural when placed into a new environment.
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Perfect Selections
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Certain situations will call for making a perfect and clean selection
around an object. If you’re working with product photos, the Pen Tool
will help you trace any hard edges and smooth curves ensuring that
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your final images will look great.

Make Shapes & Logos
Photo editing might often involve adding shapes, graphics, and logos
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to images. If you’ve ever wondered how to make a logo from scratch,

we show you how to do it step-by-step in Photoshop!
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Change a Background Color

Into product photography? Being able to change the background
color of a product or object is a crucial skill. Follow along as we
show you how to trace along the curves and lines of any object
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and use that selection to change the color behind it.

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Vector Masks
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Vector Masks are similar to Layer Masks. The only difference is that
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they take advantage of the power and precision of Paths! Learn to
make perfectly accurate selections using the Pen Tool and control
the visibility of those areas using Vector Masks.
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Create Type & Text Effects
The Pen Tool isn’t only about cutting things out and creating custom
shapes. Using Paths, you can use the Pen Tool to edit type and
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add amazing text effects!
How to Make a Straight Line
Sometimes all you need is something simple, and when you need to
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make a perfectly straight line, the Pen Tool is your best bet.
Make a straight line path and then apply a brush stroke to make
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it fit seamlessly into your image.

How to Make a Curved Line
Without the Pen Tool, making the exact curve you need would be
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tricky. Never worry about jagged edges or unrealistic looking cutouts

ever again! We show you how to use the pen tool to make beautiful
curves to create stunning text effects and create soft, natural selections
of people.
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Trace an Image
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Whether you need to make a perfect cutout or accurately select an area

of a photo, the Pen Tool is the best option to trace an image with
precision. Copy a logo or shape in minutes to make it your own.
Cut Out any Object
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Learn how to cut out an image! There are a ton of selection tools in
Photoshop. Some are designed to help you work faster like the Magic
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Wand Tool. And some, like the Pen Tool, are designed to give you
the precision and control you’ll need for professional looking results.

Learn About Paths
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Paths are lines, curves, and shapes that you can create in Photoshop
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using the Pen Tool. Paths can be saved, edited, and used in combination
with other tools to create elegant brush strokes or creative effects.
The Curvature Pen Tool
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If you’re just starting out, the Curvature Pen Tool is a great way to start
learning. Where the standard Pen Tool is completely manual, the
Curvature Pen Tool automates the process, intuitively creating curves
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as you create new anchor points.
The Freeform Pen Tool
Using the Freeform Pen Tool, you can freely draw along an edge or
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shape and Photoshop will create the anchor points and curves for you!
Learn to use this smart tool to make creating paths faster and
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easier than ever!

Pen Tool Keyboard Shortcuts
Getting to know the Pen Tool means getting to know the keyboard
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shortcuts like the back of your hand.

Create and remove anchor points, adjust curves and direction,
and much more!
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Type Tool
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What is the Type Tool?
While Photoshop contains a vast number of incredibly powerful
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tools to keep the most demanding of professionals happy, it is also
incredibly user-friendly for amateur and novice
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users. Whether you want to create an intricate
graphic or merely make a clever meme,
Photoshop’s Type tool can help.
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More Powerful Than Word
Simply put, the Type tool creates text for your photo or project.
While defining the tool is quite simple, defining all that it can do is not.
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Type does far more than just create simple text like you see on your
average internet meme although it can certainly do that as well.
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The tool can also warp text, wrap text or place portions of text above
or below another image. You can even use a clipping mask to create
text out of any image.
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Certain alterations in this tool are simple to make and can be easily
accomplished by anyone who has used a word processing program
like Word, but Photoshop’s capabilities are more sophisticated.
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You can change the font, size and color quite easily, but you can also
accomplish a number of more complex tasks thanks to
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Photoshop’s special graphics control panel.

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Control Panels Put the Right Tools at Your Fingertips
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The control panel allows you to quickly and easily change the font,
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size and color, and you have options for changing the spacing between
letters or switching from horizontal to vertical type. You can also warp
and skew text quickly and easily from the control panel. Whether you
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want to create a poster, a business document or a logo, Photoshop
comes with plenty of tools to get exactly the look you want.
When you click on the Type tool in Photoshop, it automatically
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creates a new layer. This means that you can put text on top of or
beneath other images by simply moving the layer. You can manipulate
words by creating a separate layer or text entry for each word and
applying whatever effects you want.
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Make Text Out of Anything
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By using a clipping mask, you can create text with almost any color
or pattern you want. For instance, let’s say you want text with a wood
grain or made of flames to use as a logo. Simply open a photo or
graphic with the pattern you want, type your message directly over
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the pattern, and then place a clipping mask over it. The clipping
mask will trim away all of the excess photo or pattern, leaving only
the text made from that photo or pattern.
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Rectangle Tool
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What is the Rectangle Tool?
The Rectangle tool is one of the six Shape tools that are included in
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Photoshop. It is useful for creating shapes with
rectangular dimensions.
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Making One Shape — Three Ways
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As its name implies, the Rectangle tool makes rectangles.
The question is: What sorts of rectangles does it make?
It turns out that you can actually create three different types of
rectangles with this tool.
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4 Vector Shapes: These can be drawn to any size and can be scaled.
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Their edges always look sharp. Because Photoshop lets you use the
Rectangle tool to create vector shapes, this increases the program’s
abilities as a drawing platform.
4 Paths: In this setting, Photoshop creates just an outline of a rectangle.
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The resulting shape is not filled in.

4 Pixel-based Shapes: Since photos are composed of pixels,
Photoshop is primarily a pixel-based editor. Therefore, there may be
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times when your projects are best suited to drawing pixel-based

shapes instead of vector shapes.
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Taking Control of Rectangles
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Photoshop’s Rectangle tools let you draw exact rectangles, in which two
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opposite sides are exactly the same length and the other two opposite
sides also match one another.
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With two positioning options, you can ensure that your rectangle is
placed just where you want it. The default setting for the tool starts the
drawing of the rectangle at your first cursor click. The rectangle
extends both horizontally and vertically from there. However,
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to give you more control over the shapes that you draw, you can
also set it up so that the first click becomes not a corner but the
exact middle of the finished rectangle.
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Thanks to the thin outline that appears as you draw, you can picture
exactly where your completed rectangle will be positioned
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on your project.
Another setting available with this tool allows you to draw an exact
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square. All four sides end up the same length in this setting, which
is an easy trick that helps produce precise work.
Drawing Other Shapes — Or Not
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Do you want to make more than one rectangle? Go for it. Do you want
them to overlap, creating an entirely new shape? The Rectangle tool
can do that, too.
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While the Rectangle tool is great for drawing four-sided shapes with
square corners, you’ll have to look elsewhere on the Shape menu if you
need to create shapes with other dimensions. Similarly, if you want the
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corners of your rectangle to have soft edges instead of the definitively

angular ones on a standard rectangle, choose the Shape tool for
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rounded rectangles instead.

However, if a regular ol’ rectangle–or, of course, a square–is what you’re
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going for, the Rectangle tool will get you there.
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For more Rectangle tool tips and tricks, check out the handy video
on our site.
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Hand Tool
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What is the Hand Tool?
Adobe Photoshop features a large variety of tools that you can use
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while working with images or creating your own graphics from scratch.
One of them is the Hand tool. Although many
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Photoshop users may not ever touch this tool,
it is a helpful application that can assist you in
getting your work done a lot faster. Generally, the Hand tool is viewed
more as a function than an actual tool. This is because you rarely need
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to click on it to use it. To activate it, all you have to do is hold down
the spacebar when you are using any other tool. When you do this,
the cursor automatically changes to the hand icon.
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What Does the Hand Tool Do?
The Hand tool allows you to move your image around its window by
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dragging. The tool is useful for maneuvering around an image to

focus in on specific details within the picture.
Most Common Uses
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This tool is most commonly used for getting a closer look at a specific
detail in an image. It is also frequently used along with the Zoom tool.
When you use the Hand tool, you can bring a specific detail into
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closer focus by centering the part of the image with which you are
working. This tool is also good to use when you have already made
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edits to an image and want to get a closer look at the changes you
have made. You can use it to pull the area previously edited into
the center of the image for focus and then use the Zoom tool as
well to get a better look at the changes. After you have viewed what
you want to see, you can decide whether to save it as is or make
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further edits to the photo.

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Ins computer studies

Your Satisfaction is Our Pride

Photoshop is the leading professional image editing program, released

Photoshop is the best choice for any image manipulation job.

For what can this software application be used?

(Adobe Photoshop is the industry standard, market leader,

4 Editing / Enhancing / Retouching Digital Photography.

4 Creating Graphics / Logos from scratch for either print projects

4 Digital Paintings / Art utilizing photographs and / or sensitive

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Adobe Photoshop Tools

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Tools & Functions

Alternatively, use your arrow keys to move the selection or layer

(i.e. rectangle, ellipse) or one-pixel

dimensions. Admittedly, this tool lacks

current selection, and other important tips.

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draw a new selection that intersects with the previous one.

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Quickly Make Selections

available on Photoshop: the standard Lasso, Polygonal and Magnetic.

The Standard Lasso tool is appropriate if you need to draw freeform

The Polygonal Lasso tool allows you to draw straight-sided selections,

rectangular, but aren’t. If the Rectangular Marquee Tool doesn’t fit

selecting and editing images. Unlike the Lasso or other selection

that show extreme contrast. Below, we've shared some of the

Selecting the Wand

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Sample All Layers

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Crop and Perspective Crop

4Featuring the most important section of your image.

Cropping an Image in Photoshop

from the dropdown menu.

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Cropping an Image in Photoshop

Then, press enter to finish the crop.

your canvas, regardless of whether an image is loaded. When you

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your selection or click the reverse arrows on the foreground and

How To Use the Ruler Tool in Photoshop

Draw a Measuring Line

Clear the Measurement

remove the current measurement. If you need to make another

The ruler tool can be used to straighten images. To do this, simply

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sources to produce a better, more

Removing Objects From Images

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Adding Objects to Images With Duplication

background around it.

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Drag it wherever you want it to go.

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Clone Stamp Tool

Clone Stamp Tool Basics

until you’re happy with the brush size.

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3. Begin painting: Now left-click anywhere on the screen.

Additional Clone Stamp Options

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various styles. Brush options are not available in block mode.