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H 2 O ( l ) + H 2 O ( l ) ⇌ H 3 O +¿ (aq )+O H ¿
In any aqueous solution, this process exists in equilibrium. The equilibrium constant associated with it is
called the ion-product constant for water, K w .
o At 25 °C , the concentration for hydronium and hydroxide ions in water will equal each other,
approximately 1.0∗10−7 M for each. Therefore:
K w =¿
*at 25 °C
This constant is used as the standard to determine the acidity or basicity of a solution, since the
−¿( aq)¿
pX=−log [ X ]
KEEP IN MIND, THESE VALUES, ESP. pKw, ARE DERIVED AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS! ONLY TRUE FOR THAT
TEMPERATURE!
HA ( aq ) + H 2 O ( l ) ⇌ H 3 O+¿(aq )+ A ¿
o The equilibrium constant for this weak acid is called the acid-ionization constant, K a :
K a =¿ ¿
B ( aq ) + H 2 O ( l ) ⇌ HB +¿(aq )+OH ¿
o The equilibrium constant for this reaction is known as the base-ionization constant, K b :
K b =¿ ¿
o The stronger the base, the larger the magnitude of the base-ionization constant.
The relationship between K a and K b for a conjugate acid-base pair is as follows: