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If you're running a server, such as the free XITAMI server, you might see something like
this ("My_Comp" is the name of my computer):
C:\WINDOWS>netstat -a
Active Connections
Active Connections
Active Connections
Active Connections
Active Connections
Options:
-t Ping the specifed host until interrupted.
-a Resolve addresses to hostnames.
-n count Number of echo requests to send.
-l size Send buffer size.
-f Set "Don't Fragment" flag in packet.
-i TTL Time To Live.
-v TOS Type Of Service.
-r count Record route for count hops.
-s count Timestamp for count hops.
-j host-list Loose source route along host-list.
-k host-list Strict source route along host-list.
-w timeout Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply.
It's also called the loopback address because you can ping it and get returns even
when you're offline (not connected to any network). If you don't get any valid replies,
then there's a problem with the computer's Network settings. Here's a typical response
to the 'ping' command:
Here's another recent example using the name of my computer which I have tied to the IP
number 127.0.0.1 in my C:\WINDOWS\HOSTS file:
C:\WINDOWS>ping My_Comp
Options:
-d Do not resolve addresses to hostnames.
-h maximum_hops Maximum number of hops to search for target.
-j host-list Loose source route along host-list.
-w timeout Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply.
Here's an example which traces the route from some ISP in Los Angeles to the main server
at UCLA in California ( note how two computers relatively close to each other may be routed
way round about! ):
C:\WINDOWS>tracert www.ucla.edu
Trace complete.
NBTSTAT [-a RemoteName] [-A IP address] [-c] [-n] [-r] [-R] [-s] [S]
[interval]
-a (adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its
name.
-A (Adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its
IP address.
ROUTE.exe
Manipulates network routing tables.
All symbolic names used for destination or gateway are looked up in the
network and host name database files NETWORKS and HOSTS, respectively.
If the command is print or delete, wildcards may be used for the
destination and gateway, or the gateway argument may be omitted.
If you type the letters ftp at a DOS-Window (Command Line) prompt, like this:
C:\WINDOWS>ftp you will be placed into an interactive program with its own prompt:
ftp>
Entering a question mark (?) or the word "help" will output a list of commands on your screen
like this:
ftp> ?
Commands may be abbreviated. Commands are:
The first thing you need to be aware of is that all the commands within ftp are case-sensitive.
Commands to your own ftp program (those listed above) use only lower-case characters.
For example, entering "HELP" at the ftp prompt, outputs this on your screen: ?Invalid
command
Here's the list of commands and a brief explanation of each one taken directly from the ftp
helps within the program (and a few comments of my own):
? print local help information
help print local help information -- both do the same thing.
remotehelp get help from remote server ==> Note: Becuase most of the
commands have critical timing requirements (such as the
PORT command), it's best to leave the handling of these
to the ftp program itself. However, I'd encourage you to
try the commands which do not involve the transfer of
files, such as STATS or STAT (depends upon the particular
server) or SYST, etc., so you can get more info about the
remote server you are interacting with. You will find two
examples of this instruction below; a * is usually placed
next to commands that are not active on the server.
Directory Commands:
pwd [display] working directory [from] remote machine
File Commands:
recv receive file
get receive file
mget get multiple files
Ending a Session:
close terminate ftp session
disconnect terminate ftp session
bye terminate ftp session and exit
quit terminate ftp session and exit
ftp> quit
---> QUIT
221-You have transferred 0 bytes in 0 files.
221-Total traffic for this session was 5827 bytes in 5 transfers.
This last example is even longer and contains a file download among other things. This is the
Geocities server that all the webpage authors use, so it can get pretty slow at times:
C:\WINDOWS>ftp ftp.geocities.com
Connected to ftp.geocities.com.
220-Welcome to the Yahoo! GeoCities FTP server.
220-IMPORTANT: This service has changed!
220-Get all details at:
220-http://help.yahoo.com/help/us/geo/gftp/
220-
220-No anonymous logins accepted.
220-
220-Enter new Yahoo! GeoCities member name
220
User (ftp.geocities.com:(none)): User NAME
331-Enter your Yahoo! GeoCities member password
331
Password: [ PASSWORD is always HIDDEN ]
230-Taking inventory on your homestead
230-Inventory completed
230-You are using 60.3% of your homestead.
230 You have 5.950 MB of space available.
ftp> remotehelp
200 PORT command successful.
214-The following commands are recognized (*'s are unimplemented).
USER QUIT MODE REST CWD STAT RMD XCUP
PASS PORT RETR RNFR XCWD HELP XRMD SIZE
ACCT* PASV STOR RNTO LIST NOOP PWD MDTM
SMNT* TYPE APPE ABOR NLST MKD XPWD
REIN* STRU ALLO DELE SYST XMKD CDUP
214 Direct comments to ftp-bugs@ftp2.
ftp> quote SYST
215 UNIX Type: L8
ftp> pwd
200 PORT command successful.
257 "/Athens/6939" is current directory.
---------------------------------------------------------------
[ NOTE: IF THE CONNECTION IS HAVING PROBLEMS OR IS JUST VERY
BUSY, YOU MAY GET THE FOLLOWING REPLY AT ANY TIME...]
[ THE DATA MAY ALSO COME DOWN DURING A LATER COMMAND INSTEAD! ]
---------------------------------------------------------------
ftp> status
Connected to ftp.geocities.com.
Type: ascii; Verbose: On; Bell: Off; Prompting: On; Globbing: On
Debugging: Off; Hash mark printing: Off
ftp> cd CHI
250 CWD command successful.
ftp> dir
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls.
total 400
-rwxrw-r-x 1 webmastr webmastr 69123 May 23 1997 CG11.JPG
-rwxrw-r-x 1 webmastr webmastr 80165 Jul 21 1998 STG3.jpg
-rwxrw-r-x 1 webmastr webmastr 23615 Aug 20 23:05 SonarDiplomaASW.gif
-rwxrw-r-x 1 webmastr webmastr 2912 Feb 17 1999 bootcamp.html
-rwxrw-r-x 1 webmastr webmastr 14636 Aug 20 23:05 sonrdip.gif
226-ASCII mode
226 Transfer complete.
350 bytes received in 0.16 seconds (2.19 Kbytes/sec)
ftp> cd ..
250 CWD command successful.
ftp> cd XYZ
250 CWD command successful.
ftp> dir
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls.
total 1392
-rwxrw-r-x 1 webmastr webmastr 60793 Jul 7 1998 ATEAM.jpg
-rwxrw-r-x 1 webmastr webmastr 102535 Jul 21 1998 CircuitBoard.jpg
-rwxrw-r-x 1 webmastr webmastr 36964 Jul 21 1998 Harness.jpg
-rwxrw-r-x 1 webmastr webmastr 38442 Jul 21 1998 MTestSta.jpg
-rwxrw-r-x 1 webmastr webmastr 43535 Jul 21 1998 Monitors.jpg
-rwxrw-r-x 1 webmastr webmastr 32785 Jul 21 1998 Projectr.jpg
-rwxrw-r-x 1 webmastr webmastr 13132 Jul 21 1998 PwrTranHS.jpg
-rwxrw-r-x 1 webmastr webmastr 58725 Jul 7 1998 TWOBILLS.jpg
-rwxrw-r-x 1 webmastr webmastr 120265 Jul 21 1998 Testing.jpg
-rwxrw-r-x 1 webmastr webmastr 13174 Jul 21 1998 TimeMagGlenCa.jpg
-rwxrw-r-x 1 webmastr webmastr 67882 Jul 7 1998 WORKSTAT.jpg
-rwxrw-r-x 1 webmastr webmastr 38044 Jul 21 1998 Wiring.jpg
-rwxrw-r-x 1 webmastr webmastr 981 Jun 22 1999 XYTRON.html
-rwxrw-r-x 1 webmastr webmastr 23031 Jul 21 1998 Xfrmrs.jpg
-rwxrw-r-x 1 webmastr webmastr 957 Nov 8 1998 starman.html
-rwxrw-r-x 1 webmastr webmastr 221 Jul 19 1998 tron.html
-rwxrw-r-x 1 webmastr webmastr 1385 Nov 8 1998 twobills.html
226-ASCII mode
226 Transfer complete.
1166 bytes received in 1.76 seconds (0.66 Kbytes/sec)
ftp> get Testing.jpg
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for Testing.jpg (120265 bytes).
######################################################
226-ASCII mode
226 Transfer complete.
120687 bytes received in 47.45 seconds (2.54 Kbytes/sec)
ftp> debug
Debugging On.
ftp> cd ..
---> CWD ..
250 CWD command successful.
ftp> close
---> QUIT
221 Goodbye.
ftp> quit
C:\WINDOWS>