2x660 MW IB TPS (UNIT-3 & 4), BANHARPALLI

 
      DEVELOPMENT CONSULTANTS
  PRIVATE LIMITED
Reviewed for general conformance with Contract
drawings and specifications.

ACTION : 1

1 Approved 4 Disapproved.

Approved except as
For information/reference
2 noted. Forward final 5 only.
drawing.
Approved except as
3 noted. Resubmission Blank
required.

Approval of Contract documents by the Consultant shall

not relieve the Seller of his responsibility for any errors
and fulfilment of Contract requirements.

Design Memorandum For Grounding System Digitally signed by Shouvik Patari

DN: cn=Shouvik Patari, o=DCPL,
Doc. No. PE-DC-391-509-E002 ou=DCPL,
email=shouvikp@in.dclgroup.co
m, c=IN
Revision 20 Date: 2014.01.30 16:08:27 +05'30'

BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED

POWER SECTOR
PROJECT ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT
NOIDA-201301
INDIA
 Doc. No. PE-DC-391-509-E002
Design Memorandum For Grounding System Rev No: 0
2
2x660 MW IB TPS (UNIT-3 & 4), BANHARPALLI
Date: 19.02.13
02.01.14

INDEX

S. No. DESCRIPTION SHEET

NO.

1. SCOPE 3

2. DESIGN PHILOSOPHY – BELOW GRADE GROUNDING 3-4

3. DESIGN PHILOSOPHY – ABOVE GRADE GROUNDING 4-5

4. REFERENCES 5

5. ANNEXURE-A1: CALCULATIONS OF GROUNDING 6-7

CONDUCTOR SIZE

ANNEXURE–A2: ETAP REPORT –GROUND GRID INPUT 8-10

14
DATA & RESULTS

6. ANNEXURE-B: MATERIAL AND SIZE DETAILS OF BELOW 11-14

15-18
GRADE AND ABOVE GRADE GROUNDING SYSTEM
(i) SAMPLE CALCULATION 19

8. ANNEXURE-C: SOIL RESISTIVITY DATA ANALYSIS 15-16

20-21

9. ANNEXURE-D: SOIL RESISTIVITY TEST RESULTS 17-21

22-26

~ 2 ~ 
 
 Doc. No. PE-DC-391-509-E002
Design Memorandum For Grounding System Rev No: 2
0
2x660 MW IB TPS (UNIT-3 & 4), BANHARPALLI
Date: 02.01.14
19.02.13

1.0 SCOPE

1.1 This document covers the design of below and above grade grounding system for
the main plant area of 2x660 MW IB TPS (UNIT-3 & 4), BANHARPALLI.

1.2 The following aspects of below grade grounding system design are covered:
(a) Determination of size of ground conductor.
(b) Establishing the ground grid configuration.
(c) Determination of ground grid resistance.
(d) Check on Step and Touch potential.

1.3 The methodology and material details of above grade grounding system are also
covered in this document.

1.4 The following calculations/ details are not covered in this document:
(a) Grounding for switchyard areas (OPGCL Scope).
(b) Grounding for Coal Handling area / Ash Handling area (CHP & AHP vendor
Scope).
(c) Grounding for plants & facilities not part of Main Plant Package.

Further, interconnection of aux. Plants/ other areas grounding grid with main
plant grounding grid shall be in Customer’s scope inline with Cl. 2.1.2 below.

2.0 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY OF BELOW GRADE GROUNDING SYSTEM

2.1 Type of grounding

2.1.1 Ground grid of mild steel rod material designed to limit step and touch potentials
within tolerable limits is provided for the Main Power House Area covering
Transformer Yard, TG Building, Boiler area, ESP and ESP Control Room area
covered within this envelope.
Detailed calculations for the above are covered in Annexure-A1 & A2.

2.1.2 Ground grid shall be connected to the 400 kV switchyard ground grid and auxiliary
plant grounding systems through at least two interconnections with test facility.
The interconnecting conductors will be run parallel to and as close as possible to
the interconnecting cable path on pipe cum cable trestle/ duct bank/ trench as
applicable.

2.1.3 Risers with an effective cross sectional area equivalent to below ground earth
conductor are provided from the below ground grounding system for connection
of above ground (equipment) earth leads.

2.1.5 For electronic grounding, one number electronic grounding pit is provided for each
unit and one number electronic grounding pit each for the auxiliary area in BHEL
Scope (where MAX DNA /PLC control panels are located). Only electronic ground
connections are brought to this pit. No other ground connections (i.e. system/
equipment ground connections) are permitted for connection in this pit. For
~ 3 ~ 
 
 Doc. No. PE-DC-391-509-E002
Design Memorandum For Grounding System Rev No: 02
2x660 MW IB TPS (UNIT-3 & 4), BANHARPALLI
Date: 19.02.13
02.01.14

details of electronic grounding, system supplier, BHEL/EDN documentation shall

be referred.

2.1.6 All system neutrals (including neutrals of power transformers), grounding

terminals of EHV surge arrestors and EHV voltage transformers are connected to
two nos. treated test pits, which in turn are connected to the ground grid.

2.1.7 All lightning protection down conductors are connected to dedicated ground
electrodes through isolating links and then to the grounding system.

2.1.8 The sizes of conductors for below grade grounding are tabulated in Annexure-C,
Table-1.

2.2 Design Criteria

2.2.1 Average soil resistivity has been computed based on Soil Resistivity Measurements
(Test results are attached at Annexure-D) furnished by OPGCL as part of Contract
Specification “ Vol-A: Geo technical Investigation Report”.

2.2.2 The size of grounding conductor is based on the maximum ground fault current
value of 50 kA for 1 second, with all below grade joints being welded type. The
minimum rate of corrosion of steel for selection of grounding conductor is
considered as 0.12 mm per year. The grounding grid has been sized for a power
plant life of 40 years.

2.2.3 For a fault located within power station premises, the ground grid design is based
on the maximum fault current that is expected to occur during the design life of
the station. The total ground fault current is contributed by generating station and
transmission/ distribution system. The ground grid layout is based on the larger of
the two i.e. contribution of generating station and contribution of transmission/
distribution system.

3.0 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY OF ABOVE GRADE GROUNDING

3.1 Type of grounding

3.1.1 A continuous 50 X 6 mm Galvanised flat MS conductor (runway conductor) shall

be installed along all cable trays/ racks, which shall serve as main grounding
conductor for receiving individual ground connections. Taps from runway
conductor are connected to each section of other trays at an interval of about 10
m. The runway conductor is connected to the below grade grounding system at
every available building column within plant buildings, and through risers at
approximately 10 m interval in outdoor trestles/ trenches.

3.1.2 Sub-mat of galvanized conductor of 75 X 10 mm is provided in the floor finish for

connecting the earth leads from various equipment located in the area. This sub-
mat is connected to the below grade grounding system at minimum two points
through galvanised flats.

~ 4 ~ 
 
 Doc. No. PE-DC-391-509-E002
Design Memorandum For Grounding System Rev No: 20
2x660 MW IB TPS (UNIT-3 & 4), BANHARPALLI
Date: 02.01.14
19.02.13

3.1.3 75x10 mm galvanised M.S. flats are run as main earth conductor along building
columns / walls and securely fixed to the same by welding / clamping at intervals
not exceeding 750 mm. Connections from runway conductor/submats are made to
the main earth conductor.

3.1.4 Railway tracks are bonded across fish plates and earthed at regular intervals. At
the point where rail track leaves plant area, the rail section is provided with
insulated joint at both ends.

3.1.5 Metallic hand rails, fencing of transformer yard, etc. are connected to the below
ground earthing system. Earthing conductor is buried at least 2000 mm outside
the fence of electrical installations. Every alternate post of the fences and all gates
are connected to earthing grid by one lead.

3.1.6 Each street lighting pole/flood light pole and lighting mast will be grounded by
35x6 mm GS flat, which will be connected to two no. 40 mm dia & 3m long
earthing spike, directly driven into ground at a depth of 1 meter from ground
level. The junction box at each lighting pole is grounded at two (2) points from
two (2) nos. earthing terminals by 16 SWG GI wire. One 16 SWG GI wire shall be
taken upto the junction box from lighting fixtures and connected to grounding
point.

3.1.7 Cable screens and armour (wherever applicable) are earthed at both ends for
multi core cables. For single core cables, the same is done at switchgear end only.

3.1.8 Above grade ground conductor connections are welded except at the equipment
end, where the connections are bolted.

3.1.9 The sizes of conductors for above ground grounding are tabulated in Annexure-C,
Table-2.

3.1.10 Electrodes for lightning protection shall be as per “Design memorandum for
Lightning Protection system” PE-DC-391-509-E003.

4.0 REFERENCES

4.1 Codes and Standards:

(1) IEEE Std. 80/2000: IEEE Guide for safety in AC substation Grounding.
(2) IEEE Std. 665/1995: IEEE Guide for Generating Station Grounding.
(3) IS 3043: Code of practice for grounding
(4) Indian Electricity Rules 1956
(5) CBIP Manual TR-5

4.2 Project Documents:

(1) Plot Plan, PEM Drg. No.PE-DG-391-100-M001.
(2) Soil Resistivity test report (Annexure-E).

~ 5 ~ 
 
 ANNEXURE- A1

CALCULATION OF GROUNDING CONDUCTOR

SIZE
 Doc. No. PE-DC-391-509-E002
Design Memorandum For Grounding System Rev No. 2
00
2x660 MW IB TPS (UNIT-3 & 4), BANHARPALLI 02.01.14
19.02.13
CALCULATION OF GROUNDING CONDUCTOR SIZE Annexure-A1

As per equation 40 of IEEE-80-2000 cross sectional area of earthing conductor shall be:

4
A (mm2)= I x sqrt [ {( tc x r x r x 10 )/ TCAP}/ ln { (K0 + Tm)/ (K0 + Ta)}]

where,
A= Conductor cross section in sq. mm.
I= Ground fault current (rms) in kA = 50 kA
tc= Time of flow of current = 1 sec.
r= Thermal coefficient of resistivity = 0.00423 deg. C
(for mild steel as per CBIP manual TR-5) at 20 deg. C
r= Ground conductor resistivity = 15 micro-ohm cm
(for mild steel as per CBIP manual TR-5)

TCAP = Thermal capacity factor in J/cu.cm./ deg.C

= 4.184 x SH X SW [As per Eq. 39 of IEEE-80-2000]

SH = Specific heat in Cal/gm/deg. C = 0.114

(for mild steel as per CBIP manual TR-5)
SW = Specific weight in gm/cc = 7.86
(for mild steel as per CBIP manual TR-5)
Hence,

TCAP = 4.184 x 0.114 x 7.86 = 3.749

Tm = Max. allowable temp. = 620 deg. C

(for mild steel as per CBIP manual TR-5)

Ta = Ambient temperature = 50 deg. C

Tr = Reference temperature = 20 deg. C

K0  1    T
r
r

= (1/0.00423) - 20
= 216.41

Substituting these values, the conductor cross section = 608.13 sq.mm.


Since AD 

Corresponding Diameter of Conductor D = 27.83 mm

Minimum rate of corrosion of steel considered = 0.12 mm. / yr.

Life for which the Earth Mat is designed = 40 yrs.

0
Total corrosion allowance for the expected life of the plant = 0.12 x 2 x 40 mm
9.60 mm.
Thus the Diameter of Conductor with corrosion allowance = 27.83 + 9.6 mm
= 37.43 mm
The conductor dia selected = 40.00 mm.

Dia of the conductor in metres. = 0.04 m.

 ANNEXURE- A2

ETAP REPORT –GROUND GRID INPUT

DATA & RESULTS
Project: 2X660 MW BANHARPALI TPS ETAP Page: 1
5.5.6C
Location: BANHARPALI Date: 02-01-2014
Contract: 391 SN: BHARATBHEL
Engineer: VKS Study Case: GRD1 Filename: OPGCL

Electrical Transient Analyzer Program

Ground Grid Systems

IEEE Std 80-2000

Number of Ground Conductors: 31

Number of Ground Rods: 60

Total Length of Ground Conductors: 9614.00 m

Total Length of Ground Rods: 180.00 m

Frequency: 50.0

Unit System: Metric

Project Filename: OPGCL

Project: 2X660 MW BANHARPALI TPS ETAP Page: 2
5.5.6C
Location: BANHARPALI Date: 02-01-2014
Contract: 391 SN: BHARATBHEL
Engineer: VKS Study Case: GRD1 Filename: OPGCL

Ground Grid Input Data

System Data:

Short-Circuit Current Fault Duration (Seconds)

Total Sf Cp Tf Tc Ts
Ambient Fault Division Projection for for Sizing for
Freq. Weight Temp. Current Factor Factor Total Fault Ground Available
Hz kg °C kA X/R % % Duration Conductors Body Current
50.0 50 50.00 38.880 14.00 73.4 100.0 1.00 1.00 1.00

Soil Data:

Surface Material Upper Layer Soil Lower Layer Soil

Resistivity Depth Resistivity Depth Resistivity
Material Type m m Material Type m m MaterialType m
Clean limestone 3000.0 0.15 Moist soil 50.0 1.00 Moist soil 50.0

Material Constants: Resistivity of Thermal

r Factor Fusing Ground Conductor Capacity
Conductivity @ 20 °C K0 @ Temperature @ 20°C Per Unit Volume
Conductor/Rod Type % 1/°C 0 °C °C .cm J/(cm³.°C)

Conductor & Rod Mild Steel, MS 10.8 0.00423 216.4 620.0 15.00 3.75

Rod Data:

Diameter Length No. of Cost

cm m Rods Arrangement $/Rod
4.000 3.0 60 Rods along Grid Perimeter 0.0

Grid Configuration:

Grid Length m Number of Conductors Separation m

Conductor
Size Depth in X in Y in X in Y Cost
mm² m Lx Ly Direction Direction Direction Direction $/m
1257 1.0 374.00 264.00 13 18 22.0 22.0 0.01 Shape: Rectangular

Cost:

Conductor Rod
Total Total Length Total Total Length Total
No. m Cost No. m Cost Cost
31 9614.0 $96 60 180.0 $1 $97
Project: 2X660 MW BANHARPALI TPS ETAP Page: 3
5.5.6C
Location: BANHARPALI Date: 02-01-2014
Contract: 391 SN: BHARATBHEL
Engineer: VKS Study Case: GRD1 Filename: OPGCL

Ground Grid Summary Report

Rg GPR
Ground Ground Touch Potential Step Potential
Resistance Potential Rise Tolerable Calculated Calculated Tolerable Calculated Calculated
Ohm Volts Volts Volts % Volts Volts %
0.076 2209.9 519.5 338.7 65.2 1730.2 107.3 6.2

Total Fault Current: 38.880 kA Reflection Factor (K): -0.967

Maximum Grid Current: 29.167 kA Surface Layer Derating Factor (Cs): 0.773

Decrement Factor (Df): 1.022

Grid area is smaller than 6.25 m² or greater than 10,000 m²

Report of Intermediate Constants for IEEE 80 Methods

- Correction factor for grid geometry regarding touch voltage (Kim): 2.891

- Correction factor for grid geometry regarding step voltage (Kis): 2.891

- Spacing factor for touch voltage (Km): 0.795

- Spacing factor for step voltage (Ks): 0.187

- Corrective weighting factor that adjusts for the effects of inner conductors on the corner mesh (Kii): 1.000

- Constants 1 related to the geometry of system (K1): 1.358

- Constants 2 related to the geometry of system (K2): 5.629

One-Line Diagram - OLV1 (Short-Circuit Analysis)

U1
30346 MVAsc

Grid1
Bus3
400 kV 43.8
50.0
kA
3.1 3.1
HVCB-1 HVCB-2

T1 T2
810 MVA 810 MVA

7 kV 7 kV
Bus1 8.89 Bus2 8.89
21 kV 21 kV
62.07 62.07
GCB-1 GCB-2

Gen Unit#1 Gen Unit#2

660 MW 660 MW

page 1 14:21:09 Jan 02, 2014 Project File: OPGCL

One-Line Diagram - OLV1 (Short-Circuit Analysis)

U1
30346 MVAsc

Grid1 V
39 k
244.
Bus3
400 kV 25.89
44.6
6 kA
9.4 9.4
HVCB-1 HVCB-2

T1 T2
810 MVA 810 MVA

kV kV
Bus1 8.88 Bus2 8.88
21 kV 0 21 kV 0
0 0
GCB-1 GCB-2

Gen Unit#1 Gen Unit#2

660 MW 660 MW

page 1 14:21:44 Jan 02, 2014 Project File: OPGCL

One-Line Diagram - OLV1 (Short-Circuit Analysis)

U1
30346 MVAsc

Grid1 6 kV
252.
Bus3
400 kV 28.54
38.8
8 kA
NO 10.36
HVCB-1 HVCB-2

T1 T2
810 MVA 810 MVA

Bus1 kV
21 kV
Bus2 9.05
21 kV 0
0
GCB-1 GCB-2

Gen Unit#1 Gen Unit#2

660 MW 660 MW

page 1 14:22:54 Jan 02, 2014 Project File: OPGCL

 ANNEXURE- B

MATERIAL AND SIZE DETAILS OF BELOW GRADE

AND ABOVE GRADE GROUNDING SYSTEM
 Doc. No. PE-DC-381-509-E002
Design Memorandum For Grounding System
2x660 MW IB TPS (UNIT-3 & 4), BANHARPALLI Rev No. 2
0

19.02.13
02.01.14
Annexure-B:

Material and Size Details Of Below Grade & Above Grade Grounding System

TABLE-1: BELOW GRADE GROUNDING SYSTEM - CONDUCTOR SIZES

SL. NO. TITLE MATERIAL SIZE

1 MAIN STATION GROUNDING MS ROD 40 MM. DIA

GRID

2 EARTH CONDUCTOR IN GALVANISED MS 75X10

CONCRETE FLOOR FLAT

3 ELECTRODES IN TEST PITS MS ROD 40 MM. DIA

4 ELECTRODES FOR MS ROD 40 MM. DIA

LIGHTNING PROTECTION
DOWN CONDUCTORS

5 OTHER ELECTRODES MS ROD 40 MM. DIA

 Doc. No. PE-DC-381-509-E002
Design Memorandum For Grounding System
2x660 MW IB TPS (UNIT-3 & 4), BANHARPALLI Rev No. 2
0

19.02.13
02.01.14
Annexure-B:
Material and Size Details Of Below Grade & Above Grade Grounding System

TABLE-2: ABOVE GROUND EARTHING SYSTEM - CONDUCTOR SIZES

SL.NO. TYPE OF EQUIPMENT SIZE (MM) MATERIAL NO. OF LEADS

1 RISERS 75 X 10 GALVANISED N.A.

STEEL FLAT

2 SUB-MAT BURIED IN FLOOR 75 X 10 GALVANISED N.A.

FINISH STEEL FLAT

3 RUNWAY CONDUCTOR/ MAIN 50 x 6 GALVANISED N.A.

EARTH LEAD ALONG COLUMNS STEEL FLAT
4 11 kV/3.3 kV/ 415 V 75 X 10 GALVANISED TWO
SWITCHGEAR / MCC STEEL FLAT
5 SYSTEM NEUTRALS 75 X 10 GALVANISED TWO
STEEL FLAT

6 415 V DISTRIBUTION BOARDS 50 x6 GALVANISED TWO

STEEL FLAT

7 FUSE DISTRIBUTION BOARDS 50 X 6 GALVANISED TWO

STEEL FLAT

8 11 kV & 3.3 kV MOTORS 50 X 6 GALVANISED TWO

STEEL FLAT

9 415 V MOTORS : ABOVE 90 KW 50 X 6 GALVANISED TWO

STEEL FLAT

10 415 V MOTORS : ABOVE 30 KW & 35 X 6 GALVANISED TWO

STEEL FLAT

11 415 V MOTORS : ABOVE 5 KW 25 X 3 GALVANISED TWO

& UPTO 30 KW STEEL FLAT
13 415 V MOTORS : UPTO 5.5 KW 8 SWG GI WIRE TWO

14 CONTROL PANEL & CONTROL 35 X 6 GALVANISED TWO

DESK STEEL FLAT
15 PUSH BUTTON STATION & 8 SWG GI WIRE TWO
JUNCTION BOX
16 CABLE TRAYS 50 X 6 GALVANISED TWO
STEEL FLAT

17 BUS DUCT ENCLOSURES

a) ISOLATED PHASE BUS DUCT 75 X 10 GALVANISED TWO

STEEL FLAT

b) SEGREGATED PHASE/ NON 75 X 10 GALVANISED TWO

SEGREGATED PHASE BUS STEEL FLAT
DUCT
 Doc. No. PE-DC-381-509-E002
Design Memorandum For Grounding System
2x660 MW IB TPS (UNIT-3 & 4), BANHARPALLI Rev No. 2
0

19.02.13
02.01.14
Annexure-B:
18 RAILS & METAL PARTS, FENCE 35 X 6 GALVANISED ONE
STEEL FLAT

19 TRANSFORMER TANKS/ 75 X 10 GALVANISED TWO

RADIATORS STEEL FLAT

20 GENERATOR ENCLOSURE 75 X 10 GALVANISED TWO

STEEL FLAT

21 WELDING OUTLETS 3-PHASE 35 X 6 GALVANISED TWO

RECEPTACLES STEEL FLAT

22 LOCAL PANELS, LIGHTING 35 X 6 GALVANISED TWO

POLES STEEL FLAT

23 LIGHTING FIXTURES,SINGLE - 16 SWG GI WIRE ONE

PHASE RECEPTACLES

24 LIGHTING DISTRIBUTION 50 X 6 GALVANISED TWO

BOARDS STEEL FLAT
 SAMPLE CALCULATION
1.0 TYPICAL SIZING CALCULATION FOR EARTHING CONDUCTORS OF PLANT AUXILIARIES

1.01 NEUTRAL & ENCLOSURE EARTHING OF GENERATOR TRANSFORMER, STATION

TRANSFORMER, LT AUXILIARY TRANSFORMER, LT BUSDUCT, LT PCC/PMCC

A= 0.01216  I  tc ( As per equation 33 of IEEE-80-2000 )

I= 40000.00 Amperes
tc = 1.00 Sec
A= 486.40 Square mm

Hence the Size chosen 65 x 10 mm is adequate

1.02 11 kV EQUIPMENT

A= 0.01216  I  tc ( As per equation 33 of IEEE-80-2000 )

I= 40000.00 Amperes
tc = 1.00 Sec
A= 486.40 Square mm

Hence the Size chosen 65 x 10 mm is adequate

1.03 11 KV/ 3.3 KV/ 415 V SWITCHGEAR , MCCS

A= 0.01216  I  tc ( As per equation 33 of IEEE-80-2000 )

I= 50000.00 Amperes
tc = 1.00 Sec
A= 608.00 Square mm

Hence the Size chosen 65 x 10 mm is adequate

1.04 RISER, SUB-MAT

A= 0.01216  I  tc ( As per equation 33 of IEEE-80-2000 )

I= 50000.00 Amperes
tc = 1.00 Sec
A= 608.00 Square mm

Hence the Size chosen 65 x 10 mm is adequate

1.05 SYSTEM NEUTRAL

The maximum system neutral fault current is 50 kA of the 415 system, so that will be considered for
calculations.

A= 0.01216  I  t c ( As per equation 33 of IEEE-80-2000 )

I= 50000.00 Amperes
tc = 1.00 Sec
A= 608.00 Square mm
Hence the Size chosen 65 x 10 mm is adequate
 ANNEXURE- C

SOIL RESISTIVITY DATA ANALYSIS

 Doc. No. PE-DC-391-509-E002
GROUNDING SYSTEM DESIGN MEMORANDUM
Rev No. 02
01

2x660 MW IB TPS (UNIT-3 & 4), BANHARPALLI 02.01.14

Date:19.02.13

Annexure-C: Soil Resistivity Data Analysis

AVERAGE SOIL RESISTIVITY (IN

Sl. No. ERT NO.
OHM METER) AT 2 METER DEPTH

1 ERT 1 21.100

2 ERT 2 21.850

3 ERT 3 23.110

4 ERT 4 21.350

5 ERT 5 20.220

6 ERT 6 21.850

7 ERT 7 26.870

8 ERT 8 26.250

9 ERT 9 24.860

10 ERT 10 25.240

Net Average Resistivity (Ohm-m) at 2 M depth 23.270

Since the below grade earthing system is to be laid at a depth of 1M.

Soil resitivity value considered after taking suitable margin of over
100% = 50 (Ohm-m)

12 of 17
 ANNEXURE- D

SOIL RESISTIVITY TEST RESULTS

 - ,.,.-
51. No. ERT No. Location Spacing in M'tr. Resistance fn '.(1 Mtr. 'Resistivity In n crn.
1 2 3 4 5 6

2.00 1.98 2486.88

3.00 1.32 2486.88

-
I

Cooli ng Tower
9 9.00
,Area 4.00 0.93 2336. 16
- -
6.00 0.48 1808. 64
'~
~
8,00 0.21 1055.04 ~

-2.00 "
2.0i 2524 .56

3.00 1. 8 2 3428. 88
Panel Bui ldin g
10 10.00 4 .00 1.4 5 3642.40 "., ~.

Area

6.0 0 0. 95 3579.60

8 .0 0 0. 3 5 1758.40

114

OPGC SWAYIN & ASSOCJ.ATES

,, '-~7Sjlir
 ' •.
-
SI. No. ERT No. Location Spacing In Mtr. Reslstarice In n Mtr. Resistivity in n cm.
I
1 2 3 \ 4 ' 5 6 I

I
I

2. 00 2.1 4 2687.84 I

3.00 1.12 21 10 .08

SWitch ya rd
7 7.0.0 Area 4.00 . 0.76 1909 .12

6 .00 0. 32 1205.76

.-.. 8 ..00 0.0 7 351.68

i .-·~

2.00 2.09 2625.04

I
. 3.00 1.03 1940.52
Sw itchyard
S ' 8.00 4.00 0.68 1708.16
Area •
..... 6.00 0.28 1055.04
.....
cr.I
8.00 0.06 301.44
-- - -

113

OPG.C SWAYIN &. ASSOCIATES

 .. ',,-, , . . _ '

I151. No.
. ERT No. Location Spacing. hi Mtl'. Resistance Ii, n Nt-r; t{esisthiity In n ·em.

1 2 3 4 . 5 (;
I
1.70 ~ 2135.20
2 ..00

3.00 0.85 · 1601 .40

. - '
TG Suilding
4 4; 00 4.00 . 0.30 753.60
Area
6.00 0.07 263.76
. 8.00
2 .00·
0.00

1.61
-
0.00

2022. 16 a·

3;0'0 0.79 1488.36

5 5.00 Boller Area 4.00 0. 29 728.48
6. 00 . 0.04 J 150.72
.r' ' ''
8. 00 . 0.00 0.00 .-;
. ., ~,,,,

2.00 1. 74 21 85 .44 ' .. ;

..,',
'I: '"
3. 00 0. 98 1846 .32

6 6.0 0 · Bo ner Area 4.. 00 0.47 11 80.64

6. 00 0.19 715.92
8.00 ~
0.02 100.48
- ----­

112

OF'GC
..... - -~-.-"'----~.-.-. --.-. . . --- .- -... --.---- -:-.,.-~ ..,.__if.,
 IA~ULAIIQ~ QF 5QIL. Br;~15TIVITY

51. No. ERT No. Location

-
Spacing in Mtr.
.-
Resistance in n Mtr.
~ I

Resistivity in n em.
- I

1 2 3 4 I
5 6

2.00 \ 1.68 2110.08

3.00 0.84 1582.56

-
Transformer
1 1..00 4.00 0.26 6 53.12
Area
6.00 I
0.06 22 6.08
8.00 0.00 0.00
2.00 1.74 21 85.44
3.00 0.92 1733.28
Transformer i

4.00 0.41
2 2.00 1029. 92
Area
........
A
6.00 -0.12 4 5.2 .16
I

8.00 0. 00 0 .00
2. 00 '1.84 231 1.04
3 .00 1. 1 3 2 128.9 2
TG Building
3 3.0·0 4.00 0 .77 1934 .24
Area
6 .00 0 .4 1 1544. 88
8 .00 0 .09 452.16
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111 SWAYIN & ASSOCIATES

OPGC