Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ABSTRACT: In the process of economic growth in of structural change in the agricultural sector, where the
Indonesia, the agricultural sector’s contribution to Gross number of people working in agriculture will decrease and
Domestic Product and employment declines in relative the non-agricultural sector the number of employed will
manner. The occurrence of this structural change was increase.
due to the development of the economic base from that
originally relied on the primary sector (agriculture) to The creation of production values in the agriculture and
industry or services. The purposes of this research are: (1) to non-agriculture sectors --that directly leads to an economic
analyze the trend of the structural changes in Indonesian growth-- impacted positively in reducing poverty and
agriculture sector and to determine its influencing factors, increasing employment opportunities in rural and urban
and (2) to analyze the impacts of the structural changes in areas of Indonesia. The onset of inflation, however, will lead
agriculture and economic growth on employment and the to an increase in poverty in both rural and urban areas.
level of poverty in Indonesia.
Keywords: Structural Changes,Economic Growth,
The results revealed that the agricultural sector, there was Poverty, Employment
a trend of change in the composition of contributions of
each sub sector of agriculture (food crops and horticulture,
plantation, livestock, forestry, and fisheries). Decline in the I. PENDAHULUAN
agricultural sector’s contribution to the national economy
was relatively no change in the percentage of workers Pada saat krisis, sumbangan sektor pertanian
who worked in the agricultural sector to total national terhadap PDB mengalami peningkatan paling besar
labor force. However the increase in labor demand in non- dibanding sektor lainnya. Dari segi penyerapan tenaga
agricultural sector will continue in line with the process kerja, pada tahun 2003 sektor pertanian mampu
menyerap sekitar 46 persen, paling tinggi di antara
* Roni Dwi Susanto adalah staf Bappenas; Harianto, Mangara
Tambunan dan Priyarsono adalah Staf Pengajar FEM-IPB. sektor-sektor lain (Yudhoyono, 2004). Namun perlu
PDB SEKTOR
PERTANIAN
(YB1)
IHB2
ER
LHTP INV
YB2 KPER
TKPH
IR WAGE
IHB3
LHKB YB3
DPELI TKT
TKKB
IHB4
TKTR DK
IHB5
YB5 POV2
LHHT
TKHT
DBBM IFL
IHB6
YB6
RAHU
TAHUN
TKIK
YB7
IHB7
MPD TKNP
Gambar 2. Model Dampak Perubahan Struktural Sektor Pertanian terhadap Kemiskinan dan Perubahan Kesempatan
Kerja di Indonesia
Sesuai dengan kaidah ekonometrika sederhana. Persamaan tersebut di sebut under identified
selanjutnya dilakukan identifikasi model. Persamaan atau unidentified bila perkiraan tak dapat dibuat. Suatu
dalam suatu model simultan dikatakan identified persamaan yang identified bisa just identified dan over
(koefisien dapat diperkirakan), jika angka dari koefisien identfied. Untuk persamaan tepat teridentifikasi (just
struktural dapat diperoleh dari perkiraan koefisien bentuk identified) nilai perkiraan bagi koefisien adalah unik
Gambar 3. Fluktuasi Sumbangan Sub Sektor Sektor Pertanian dalam PDB Sektor Pertanian, Tahun 1975-2009 (Persen)