DATA INTERPRETATION HANDOUT

(Intro to DI + Table)
Ref: DIHO1001901
Data: The word “data” originates from the Latin word “datum”, which means “given” or a “piece of information”. “Data” is
simply the plural form of datum.
Data can be classified according to the type of source from which it has been obtained. There are two types of data in
this form of classification, namely Primary Data and Secondary Data.
Primary Data: Any data that is collected directly from the actual circumstances to which it pertains is referred to as
primary data. For example, if a teacher were to count the number of students pres0ent in the class, then the teacher
would be gathering primary data.
Secondary Data: Unlike primary data, secondary data is always collected from pre-recorded sources like survey
reports, records, registers and databases. For example, if the teacher were to find the number students who have never
been absent in the last one month, and then the teacher would refer to the attendance register, which is a pre-recorded
source of data.
Data analysis/ interpretation: The data collected has to be organized and then analyzed. Data Interpretation is
performing various calculations or operations upon the given data in order to arrive at meaningful conclusions.
The conclusions can be either quantitative or qualitative in nature. In some cases, it may be sufficient to merely
organise or reorganise the given data without performing any actual calculations on it.

Representation of Data: Data can be represented in the form of tables, charts, graphs, pie charts, caselets, three-
dimensional figure etc.
We will now see how the same set of data can be represented in different forms.
Directions for practice questions 1 and 2: The following table gives information about marks secured (out of 100) by
three students in three subjects.
Name Mathematics Science Social
Rashmi 65 85 50
Reshma 95 75 60
Rajini 75 65 55
(1) Who scored the highest marks in all the three subjects put together?

(2) The marks scored by Reshma in science is what percentage of the marks she scored in social?

Directions for practice questions 3 and 4: The following bar chart gives information about marks secured (out of 100)
by three students in three subjects.
100 95
90 85
80 75 75
70 65 65
60
60 55
50
50
40
30
20
10
0
Rashmi Reshma Rajini

Mathematics Science Social

(3) The total marks scored by Rashmi is what percentage more/less than that scored by Rajini?
(4) The marks scored by Rajini in Social is what percentage less than what she scored in Mathematics?
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Directions for practice questions 5 and 6: The following line graph gives information about marks secured
(out of 100) by three students in three subjects.

65

50 55
75

85
65

95

75
65

Rashmi Reshma Rajini

Mathematics Science Social

(5) The total marks scored by Reshma is what percentage more than that scored by Rajini?

(6) In Mathematics, the total marks scored by both Rashmi and Rajini together is how much more than that scored by
Reshma?

Directions for questions 1 to 8: Answer these questions on the basis of the information given below.

SALES OF TEXTILE COMPANIES

(in millions of `)
Companies→
Arbind Alook Alky Rymonds Gragim
Years
2011-12 4060 2818 3164 4686 3192
2012-13 4864 3927 3842 5347 4766
2013-14 5411 4151 5725 6785 4215
2014-15 7742 4773 5838 7224 4327
2015-16 5688 4956 8354 8837 6534
2016-17 8474 7384 8023 8979 7038

1. What is the total sales of Rymonds, in lakhs of 5. During the given period which company recorded
rupees, for the period 2011-12 through 2016-17? the highest percentage increase in sales over any
(A) 40858 (B) 42858 two consecutive years?
(C) 41858 (D) None of these (A) Alook (B) Gragim (C) Arbind (D) Alky

2. During the given period, which company recorded 6. What is the average annual growth rate in the sales
the maximum increase in sales over any two of Alook from 2011-12 to 2016-17?
consecutive years? (A) 32.4% (B) 30.7% (C) 21.7% (D) 26.5%
(A) Arbind (B) Gragim
(C) Raymonds (D) Alky 7. If the sales of any company increase by at least
10% over its previous year, then the company is called
a “Smart Growth Company”. How many instances
3. In the year 2012-13, what is the approximate share
were there in the given period where a company
of Alky out of the total sales of all the five
would be called a “Smart Growth Company”?
companies?
(A) 14 (B) 13 (C) 15 (D) 12
(A) 15.78% (B) 16.46%
(C) 16.89% (D) 17.12% 8. In the year 2017-18, the sales of Arbind is expected
to increased by 20% over the previous year. By
4. How many companies showed a consistent trend in what percentage should the sales of Alook increase
sales (i.e., either continuous increase or decrease) in the year 2017-18, over the previous year, so that
in sales over the previous year from 2012-13 to the sales of Arbind and Alook are equal in 2017-18?
2016-17? (A) 36.85% (B) 37.23%
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 1 (D) 4 (C) 37.71% (D) 38.83%

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Directions for questions 9 to 15: Answer these questions on the basis of the information given below.

The table shows the tariff structure for two different seasons − Normal and Peak, of a star hotel having its branches in
12 cities all over India.
(in ` per day)
[[[

Normal Season Peak Season

Type of
Room

Double room

Double room
Double room

Double room
Single room

Single room
Single room

Single room

with A/C
with A/C

with A/C

with A/C
Suite

Suite
City

Jaipur 2,500 4,050 5,700 8,100 21,000 4,500 5,400 6,900 10,200 33,000

Bangalore 3,300 5,100 7,500 10,800 27,000 5,400 7,500 12,000 15,000 36,000

Port Blair 2,100 4,200 6,000 7,500 15,000 3,000 5,100 6,900 8,400 27,000

Kulu 1,750 2,700 3,900 5,700 14,400 2,880 4,500 6,900 10,200 22,500

New Delhi 3,600 5,700 8,400 12,000 30,000 5,100 6,900 9,600 13,500 33,000

Dehra Dun 1,500 2,400 3,300 4,200 6,600 2,400 3,900 4,800 6,900 9,000

Mumbai 4,000 6,000 9,000 12,000 30,000 6,000 9,000 13,500 15,600 39,000

Puducherry 2,100 3,000 3,900 4,800 7,500 3,600 4,800 6,900 7,500 12,000

Ooty 3,000 5,700 8,100 9,900 21,000 4,200 7,800 15,600 18,900 27,000

Kolkata 2,700 4,800 6,300 9,900 21,000 3,900 8,400 9,900 10,800 30,000

Panaji 3,000 5,400 6,300 7,800 24,000 4,800 8,400 10,500 13,500 39,000

Chennai 3,300 5,400 7,200 9,600 27,000 4,800 7,500 9,600 10,500 36,000
[

Directions for questions 9 to 15: Type in your answer in the input box provided below the question.

9. For how many cities is the difference between the 13. In how many cities is the tariff for any kind of room
tariffs of a non A/C single and double room in either or suite in any season is `6,900 but the tariff for any
the normal or the peak season more than the room or suite during the peak season not more than
difference in tariff of an A/C single and double room? `12,000?

10. In how many cities is the tariff more than `10,000 in 14. What is the minimum difference in the tariff of
any season for at least one of the types of rooms or a particular type of room in the peak season over
suites and the name of the city has at least three that in the normal season for any of the given cities?
distinct vowels?

11. In the city in which the difference in tariff of a suite in 15. In any city whose first letter is a vowel and the last
the normal and peak season is the highest, by what letter is a consonant, the hotel has 20 double rooms,
percentage is the tariff of a single room in the peak and half of that otherwise. How many double rooms
season more than that in the normal season? does the hotel have in all the cities put together?

12. What is the maximum percentage variation

(approximated to one decimal place) in the tariff of
any type of single room, at any city, between the two
seasons?

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 ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE
Directions for questions 1 to 5: These questions are based on the information given below.

FDI: Sector-wise inflows into India 1. From 2002-03 to 2004-05, the average growth (in `)
in investments abroad by Indian industry was the
(in percentage terms) maximum for which of the following sectors?
(A) Financial services
Sector 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
(B) Manufacturing
Fisheries 0.51 0.71 0.63 (C) Non-financial services
Mining 0.63 0.54 0.84 (D) Trading
Manufacturing 39.33 36.44 35.38
Food & Dairy Products 8.42 6.10 7.54 2. From 2002-03 to 2003-04, the sector which witnessed
Electricity 0.57 0.94 0.88 the maximum growth rate in FDI inflows (in `) is
Construction 9.12 7.63 7.61 (A) Fisheries
Hotels & Restaurants 0.72 1.11 1.10 (B) Electricity
Transport 2.27 2.24 2.50 (C) Hotels & Restaurants
Financing & Insurance 6.13 5.08 7.73 (D) Educational Services
Real Estate 10.41 6.62 11.24
Computer Services 12.17 16.64 16.67 3. The two sectors which had the highest and the
Educational Services 1.33 4.65 2.63 second highest growth rates in FDI inflows from
Research & Science 4.64 6.13 2.36 2003-04 to 2004-05 are respectively.
Health & Medical (A) Real Estate and Mining
2.72 3.89 1.91 (B) Finance & Insurance and Food & Dairy
services
Other services 1.03 1.28 0.98 (C) Food and Dairy and Real Estate
(D) Real Estate and Finance & Insurance
Total 100 100 100
Total inflow (in `crore) 10350 14765 16812
4. Which of the following sectors had a continuous
US Dollar Exchange increase in the FDI inflows in the given period?
46.84 45.91 43.89
Rate (in `) (A) Fisheries
(B) Real estate
Investments abroad by Indian Industry (C) Educational services
(D) Other services
Sector 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
5. If Indian industry’s investment abroad in the steel
Financial Services 2.03 5.33 3.54 sector is 30% and 40% of its investment in the
Manufacturing 66.48 58.37 61.39 manufacturing sector abroad in the years 2003-04
and 2004-05 respectively, then the increase
Non-financial services 15.14 17.85 14.91 (in million dollars) in Indian industry’s investment
Trading 11.07 14.45 16.49 abroad in the steel sector from 2003-04 to 2004-05
is approximately
Others 5.28 4.00 3.67 (A) 100 (B) 125 (C) 155 (D) 180
Total 100 100 100
Total investment
7045 6976 7489
(in ` crore)

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