Lecture 05

Advanced Electrical Machines and Drives

Semester 2 (MEEP)

Dr. Muhammad Humza

Email : engr.humza7@gmail.com

Department of Electrical Engineering

Institute of Southern Punjab

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Contents

1. Summary of previous lecture

2. AC Motors

3. Induction Motor

4. Rotor current

5. Torque speed characteristics

Summary of previous lecture

➢ Series DC Motors

➢ Torque Speed characteristics of Series DC motor

➢ Operating modes of Series DC motor

➢ Four Quadrant Operation of Series DC motor

NOTE

➢ Need To revise
➢ induction motor working principle

➢ Rotor equivalent circuit current and

➢ Equivalent circuit construction

➢ Torque speed characteristics equation derivation

AC Motors
➢ The ac motors have a number of advantages.

➢ They are lightweight (20% to 40% lighter than

equivalent dc motors),

➢ They are inexpensive, and

➢ They have low maintenance compared with dc motors

➢ They require control of frequency, voltage, and current for

variable-speed applications.

➢ The power converters, inverters, and ac voltage controllers

can control the frequency, voltage, or current to meet the
drive requirements.

➢ These power controllers, which are relatively complex and

more expensive, require advanced feedback control
techniques such as model reference, adaptive control,
sliding mode control, and field-oriented control.
Continue

➢ The control of ac drives generally requires complex control

algorithms that can be performed by microprocessors or
microcomputers along with fast-switching power
converters.

➢ However, the advantages of ac drives outweigh the

disadvantages.
Induction Motor
➢ The voltage induced in a rotor bar of an induction motor
depends on the speed of the rotor relative to the magnetic
fields.

➢ Two terms used for relative motor, one is Slip speed, defined
as the difference between synchronous speed and rotor speed.

𝒏𝒔𝒍𝒊𝒑 = 𝒏𝒔𝒚𝒏𝒄𝒉 − 𝒏𝒎

➢ The other term used to describe the relative motion is slip

𝒏𝒔𝒍𝒊𝒑 𝒏𝒔𝒚𝒏𝒄𝒉 − 𝒏𝒎
s= =
𝒏𝒔𝒚𝒏𝒄 𝒏𝒔𝒚𝒏𝒄
Rotor Current
➢ The rotor current flow can be found as.

𝑬𝑹𝟎
𝑰𝑹 =
𝑹𝑹𝟎
𝒔 + 𝑿𝑹𝟎

Rotor current

Rotor Equivalent Circuit

Percentage Synchronous speed

Rotor Current
Torque Speed Characteristics
➢ The rotor induced torque is given as.

𝑹𝑹ൗ
𝟑𝑽𝟐𝑻𝑯 𝒔
𝝉𝒊𝒏𝒅 = 𝟐
𝑹
𝝎𝒔𝒚𝒏 𝑹𝑻𝑯 + 𝑹ൗ𝒔 + 𝑿𝑻𝑯 + 𝑿𝑹 𝟐

𝑺𝑹𝑹
𝝉𝒊𝒏𝒅 ∝
𝑹𝟐𝑹 + 𝒔𝑿𝑹 𝟐

Simplified Equivalent Circuit

Torque Speed Curve

𝒔=𝟏 𝒔=𝟎 𝒔<𝟎

𝒏𝒔𝒍𝒊𝒑 𝒏𝒔𝒚𝒏𝒄𝒉 − 𝒏𝒎
s= =
𝒏𝒔𝒚𝒏𝒄 𝒏𝒔𝒚𝒏𝒄
Induction Motor
𝝉𝒊𝒏𝒅

Unstable region
stable region

𝝎𝒔
𝒔=𝟎
𝒔=𝟏
➢ Stable region
𝒔𝑹𝑹
𝝉𝒊𝒏𝒅 ∝
𝑹𝟐𝑹 + 𝒔𝑿𝑹 𝟐

Slip s is small so 𝒔𝑿𝑹 𝟐 << 𝑹𝟐𝑹 hence 𝒔𝑿𝑹 𝟐

is neglected

𝒔𝑹𝑹
𝝉𝒊𝒏𝒅 ∝ ∝𝒔
𝑹𝟐𝑹
In this region if Load s T
Continue
𝝉𝒊𝒏𝒅

Unstable region
stable region

𝒔=𝟏 𝝎𝒔
➢ Unstable region 𝒔=𝟎
𝒔𝑹𝑹
𝝉𝒊𝒏𝒅 ∝
𝑹𝟐𝑹 + 𝒔𝑿𝑹 𝟐

➢ Slip s is large so 𝒔𝑿𝑹 𝟐

≫ 𝑹𝟐𝑹 hence 𝑹𝟐𝑹 is neglected

𝒔 𝟏
𝝉𝒊𝒏𝒅 ∝ 𝟐
∝
𝒔𝑿𝑹 𝒔

In this region if Load s T

Speed control of Induction

1. Stator voltage control

2. Rotor voltage control

𝟏𝟐𝟎𝒇
3. Frequency control 𝑵𝒔 =
𝑷
4. Stator voltage and frequency control

5. Stator current control

6. Voltage, current, and frequency control

➢ NOTE: The power converters, inverters, and ac voltage

controllers can control the frequency, voltage, or current to meet
the drive requirements.
THANK YOU