Fish health management

BLOOD SAMPLE COLLECTION AND FISH

NECROPSY
MARLON A. CAMACHO
Institute of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bachelor of Science in Fisheries at Southern Philippines Agri-
business and Marine and Aquatic School of Technology (SPAMAST), Malita, Davao Occidental, Philippines,
8012
INFO ABSTRACT
Article History: Collection of blood and physiology of fish were studied through the use of
Performed: December 11, 2019 Electronic Microscope to examine and observed the haematological of fish.
Accomplished: December 11, 2019
Submitted: December 17, 2019 The Halichoeres melanurus family of Labridae was often performed using a
needle and syringe with immediate transfer of the blood sample to a
Keywords: hemacytometer for the further observation and it was recorded that there was
Necropsy no bacteria and virus in blood sample. Hence, it is highly recommended the
Blood Collection
Dissection best method is that of collecting blood by punction of the caudal vessel. In this
Haematology experiment, the external and internal parts of the Halichoeres melanurus was
Electronic microscope also studied and it’s found out that there is no clinical signs both external
Hemacytometer
(mucus of the skin and gills) and (intestine) internal of the fish.
Haematological analysis will enhance fish
1. INTRODUCTION cultivation by facilitating early detection of stress
Fishes are highly sought today because of their and or disease that could affect production
high nutritive values. Fish is a key ingredient on the performance. Blood for diagnostic sampling can be
global menu, a vital factor in the environment an collected safely from fish that are greater than three
important basis for livelihood worldwide. As inches (7.5cm) in length (Noga, 1996).
aquaculture expands, there is an increasing need for A fish necropsy is done primarily to determine
improve diagnostic method (Odedeyi 2017). gross signs of illness that caused death. Ideally, the

1
Instructor: Jessa May Dalogdog
Laboratory Report Submitted to the Institute of Fisheries and Marine Sciences for the Degree of Bachelor of
Science in Fisheries at Southern Philippines Agri-Business and Marine and Aquatic School of Technology
(SPAMAST) Malita, Davao Occidental.
researcher should collect the fish alive and then kill
it prior to examination (Brown 1980).
2. OBJECTIVE
This study aims to understand and use standard
practices for collecting, handling and analysing of
haematological of fish and dissecting the internal/
external of fish. Specifically it aims to:
o To understand and observed blood
component of fish
o To practice the basic blood collection
method of fish
o Apply techniques that use to perform fish
necropsies.
o Provide a detailed overview of the
physiology of fish
3. MATERIAL AND METHODS
3.1 Research Locale
The study was conducted at the Southern
Philippines Agri-Business and Marine and Aquatic
School of Technology (SPAMAST), Community-
Based Multi-Species Hatchery, Algal Room
Laboratory, Poblacion, Malita, Davao Occidental.
3.2 Experimental Design
The blood collection was determined and
analyse using the Electronic Microscope. The
Instructor: Jessa May Dalogdog
Laboratory Report Submitted to the Institute of Fisheries and Marine Sciences for the Degree of Bachelor of
Science in Fisheries at Southern Philippines Agri-Business and Marine and Aquatic School of Technology
(SPAMAST) Malita, Davao Occidental.
dissertation of internal/external parts of fish was
also observed and recorded.
3.3 Experimental Species
Live fish Halichoeres melanurus was
caught from the marine water using hook and line
method at Brgy. Fishing Village, Sitio Lahusan,
Malita, Davao Occidental. The fish was transported
in container to the SPAMAST, Algal Laboratory.
The fish were considered normal on the basis of
their external appearance and absence of symptoms
of diseases.
3.4 Blood Collection
Blood collection is often performed using a
needle and syringe in the lateral approach to the tail
vein while applying a slight vacuum to the syringe.
The blood will enter the syringe when it is
penetrated with immediate transfer of the blood
sample and place in hemacytometer with cover slip
to examine using the electronic microscope.
3.5 Performing fish necropsy
Before the fish is collected for examination, the
behaviour of the fish was noted and recorded.
Collect the mucus (gills and skin) of the fish
sample using the slides examine in the EM; The
fish was kill by making an incision using the knife,
through the back just behind the head, cutting
through the spine; The fish was dissect and collect
sample of the internal parts (intestine) and it was
preserve in the beaker with small amount of water.
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A few hours the collect sample will enter the
syringe and transfer into the segde wick (1ml) with
cover slip and examine a using the electronic
microscope and the result was recorded.

4. RESULT AND DISCUSSSION Fig.3. Blood sample of Halichoeres melanurus

The researcher collect the fish alive and then kill it
prior to examination. If a dead fish is used for
examination, it is often difficult to collect blood
sample in the caudal vessel of the fish.
A. Blood collection
in microscope (10x magnification).
The result of the blood sample of Halichoeres
melanurus a family of Labridae during the
observation was found tiny blood cells and it has
small texture appearance and no parasites or
viruses contained. The blood it is red like in red
meat because it contains haemoglobin.

B. Collect mucus

Fig.1. Collection of blood from a fish to the

caudal approach to the tail vein using the syringe.

Fig.4. Collection of mucus of the skin and gills of

Fig.2. Analysed the blood sample in hemacytometer
Halichoeres melanurus.
using the electronic microscope (10x magnification)

a. skin

3
Instructor: Jessa May Dalogdog
Laboratory Report Submitted to the Institute of Fisheries and Marine Sciences for the Degree of Bachelor of
Science in Fisheries at Southern Philippines Agri-Business and Marine and Aquatic School of Technology
(SPAMAST) Malita, Davao Occidental.

b. gills
Fig. 5. Mucus (skin and gills) sample of Halichoeres
melanurus.
The examination of mucus of the skin and gills
of Halichoeres melanurus the result revealed
that there was no bacteria/virus detected in the
skin and gills and no form of any parasites in
the mucus sample.
C. Fish Necropsy
Fig.6. Fish Dissection of Halichoeres melanurus of the
internal parts (intestine) of the body using dissecting kit.
Fig.7. Microscopy examination of the internal parts
(intestine) of Halichoeres melanurus was observed in the
electronic microscope (10x magnification).
Microscopy examination of Halichoeres melanurus
of their internal part (e.g intestine) the result of
examination of sample revealed that there is no
parasites living in the internal organ; the researcher
Instructor: Jessa May Dalogdog
Laboratory Report Submitted to the Institute of Fisheries and Marine Sciences for the Degree of Bachelor of
Science in Fisheries at Southern Philippines Agri-Business and Marine and Aquatic School of Technology
(SPAMAST) Malita, Davao Occidental.
concluded that the fish is free from bacteria and
other parasitic diseases. The fish is define as a
carnivores because of the short intestinal.
5. REFERENCES
Brown, E.E. and Gratzek, J.B. (1980). In Fish
Farming Handbook, pp. 237-337. AVI Publishing
Company, Westport, Connecticut.
Heming TA. 1989. Clinical studies of fish blood:
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Haematologicalassess- ment of the effects of the
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form in three freshwater fish species: interspecies
differences. J Fish Biol 15:633–653
Odedeyi, D.O and Ola, A.B. 2017. Blood
Profile of the African Dwarf Giraffe Catfish,
Parauchenoglanis ansorgii (Boulenger 1911) at
Adekunle Ajasin University.
Noga EJ. 1996. Fish disease, diagnosis and
treatment. In: Noga E (ed), Fish Disease,
Diagnosis and Treatment. St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Railo E, Nikinmaa M, Soivio A. 1985. Effects
of sampling of blood parameters in the rainbow
trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson. J Fish Biol
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Roberts RJ, Ellis AE. 2001. The anatomy and
physiology of teleosts. In: Roberts R (ed), Fish
Pathology.
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 Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders.1979.
Haematological assessment of the effects of the
anaesthetic MS-222 in natural and neutral- ized
form in three freshwater fish species: interspecies
differences. J Fish Biol 15:633–653.

5
Instructor: Jessa May Dalogdog
Laboratory Report Submitted to the Institute of Fisheries and Marine Sciences for the Degree of Bachelor of
Science in Fisheries at Southern Philippines Agri-Business and Marine and Aquatic School of Technology
(SPAMAST) Malita, Davao Occidental.