SEMESTER III

TMA310 Advanced Engineering Mathematics 3-1- 0

Real number system. Sets, relations and functions. Properties of real numbers. Numerical
sequences. Cauchy sequences. Bolzano-Weierstrass and Heine-Borel properties. (6)

Functions of real variables. Limits, continuity and differentiability. Taylor’s formula.

Implicit and inverse function theorems. Extrema of functions., Bessel functions of first
and second kind, Henkel Functions. (9)

Reimann integral. Mean value theorems. Differentiation under integral sign. Improper
and multiple integrals. Change-of-variables formula. (6)

Complex variable, Complex integration, Confirmal mapping,Sequences and series of

functions. Pointwise and uniform convergence. Power series and Taylor series, Laurent
series. (9)

Laplace and Helmholtz equations. Boundary and initial value problems. Solution by
separation of variables and eigen function expansion. (9)

Probability theory and Random variable, Random Processes, Probability Density function
and their evaluation,probability distribution function(binomial, poission, normal). (6)

References:

Guenther,R..B. & Lee,J.W., Partial Differential Equations of Mathematical Physics and

Integral Equations, Prentice Hall.

Kreiszig,E., Advanced Engineering Mathematics,John Wiley.

Mattuck,A., Introduction to Analysis, Prentice-Hall.

TEC 301 Network Theory 3-1-0

Network concept. Elements and sources. Kirchoff’s laws. Tellegen’s theorem. Network
equilibrium equations. Node and mesh method. Source superposition. Thevenin’s and
Norton’s theorems. Super node & super mesh, Maximum power transfer theorem.(9)

First and second order networks. State equations. Transient response. Network functions.
Determination of the natural frequencies and mode vectors from network functions. (9)
Graph theory,Sinusoidal steady-state analysis.. Resonance. Equivalent and dual networks.
Design of equalizers. (9)

Two-port network parameters. Barlett’s bisection theorem. Image and iterative

parameters. Design of attenuators. (9)

Two-terminal network synthesis. Reactance networks, separation property. Foster’s

reactance theorem. Synthesis of RL and RC networks. (9)

References:

W.H.Hayt & J.E.Kemmerly, Engineering Circuit Analysis (6/e), McGraw-Hill

Van Valkenburg,” Network Analysis & Synthesis”, TMH.

N.Balamanian, Electrical Circuits, McGraw-Hill

T.S.Huang & R.R.Parker, Network Theory, Addison-Wesley, 1971.

TEC 302 Engineering Electromagnetics 3- 1 - 0

Review of Vectors, Gradient, divergence & Curl in Cartesian, cylindrical and Spherical
polar co-ordinate System. Gauss Divergence and Strokes theorem. (8)

Electrostatics. Coulomb’s law. Gauss’s law and applications. Electrostatic potential.

Poisson’s and Laplace equations. Method of images. Electrostatic fields in matter.
Dielectrics and dielectric polarization. Capacitors with dielectric substrates. Force and
energy in dielectric systems. (10)

Magnetostatics.Magnetic fields of steady currents. Biot-Savart’s and Ampere’s laws.

Magnetic vector potential. Magnetic properties of matter. (7)

Electrodynamics.Flux rule for motional emf. Faraday’s law. Self and mutual inductances.
Maxwell’s equations. Poynting theorem. (8)

Electromagnetic wave propagation. Uniform plane waves Wave polarization. Reflection

and refraction. Propagation in an ionized medium. Effect of a biasing magnetic field.
Faraday rotation,. (12)

References:
J.D.Kraus, Electromagnetics with Applications (5/e), TMH.

Jordan & Balman. Electromagnetic Waves & Radiating Systems,(2/e), PHI.

D.J.Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics (3/e), PHI.

R.E.Collin, Antennas and Radiowave Propagation, Mc Graw-Hill, 1985.

Mathew N.O.Sadiku, Elements of Electro magnetic, Oxford University Press.

TEC303 Electronics Circuits 3-1-0

Semiconductor materials, crystal growth, film formation, charge densities, E-K relation,
Fermilevel, Hall effect and its applications,diode model. BJT models, BJT switch,
breakdown mechanisms, (8)

MOSFET as amplifier and switch, capacitance, equivalent model. CMOS circuits.

BiCMOS circuits. CCDs. (6)

Low and high frequency models for MOSFET and BJT. Analysis of various amplifier
circuits-comparison. (6)

Frequency response of CS and CE amplifiers with active load. Cascode amplifiers.

Source and emitter follower. (6)

Feedback concept. Properties. Feedback amplifiers. Stability analysis. Sinusoidal

oscillators. Condition for oscillation. (6)

Output stages, class A, class B, class AB, Biasing circuits. Power amplifiers. IC power
amplifiers. (8)

References: 

S.M.Sze, Semiconductors Devices, Physics and Technology, (2/e), Wiley, 2002

A.S.Sedra & K.C.Smith, Microelectronic Circuits (5/e), Oxford University Press, 2004

L.Macdonald & A.C.Lowe, Display Systems, Wiley, 2003

Millmann & Halkias,”Integrated Electronics” ,TMH.

TEC 304 Digital Circuits and Systems 3-1-0

Review of number systems. Binary and BCD arithmetic. Binary codes. Error detection
and correcting codes. (9)

Boolean laws. Logic operations. Boolean functions-simplifications. Combinational

circuits.Programmable logic arrays. (9)

Flip flops. Types of Flip flops. Synchronous and asynchronous circuit analysis and
design. Semiconductor memories. (9)
Asynchronous Circuit Analysis and Design. State reduction and state assignment.
Hazards. (9)

TTL,ECL and CMOS family of logic circuits. (9)

References: 

S.Brown & Z.Vranesic, Fundamentals of Digital Logic with VHDL Design, McGraw-
Hill, 2000.

A.S.Sedra & K.C.Smith, Microelectronic Circuits (5/e), Oxford, 2004.

R.P.Jain,Digital Electronics,PHI.

Moris Mano, Digital System Design, PHI

SEMESTER IV
TEC401 Signals and Systems 3-1-0
CLASSIFICATION OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
Continuous time signals (CT signals), discrete time signals (DT signals) - Step, Ramp, Pulse,
Impulse, Exponential, Classification of CT and DT signals - periodic and aperiodic, random
signals, CT systems and DT systems, Classification of systems - Linear Time invariant Systems.
9
ANALYSIS OF C.T. SINGALS
Fourier series analysis, Spectrum of C.T. singals, Fourier Transform and Laplace Transform in
Signal Analysis. 9
LTI-CT SYSTEMS
Differential equation, Block diagram representation, Impulse response, Convolution integral,
Frequencyresponse, Fourier Methods and Laplace transforms in analysis, State equations and
Matrix. 9
ANALYSIS OF D.T. SIGNALS
Spectrum of D.T. signals, Discrete Time Fourier Transform (DTFT), Discrete Fourier Transform
(DFT), Properties of Z-transform in signal analysis. 9
LTI-DT SYSTEMS
Difference equations, Block diagram representation, Impulse response, Convolution SUM,
Frequency response, FFT and Z-transform analysis, State variable equation and Matrix. 9

References: 

A.V.Oppenheim et al, Signals and Systems (2/e), Pearson 2003

S.S.Soliman & M.D.Srinath, Continuous and Discrete Signals and Systems,Prentice Hall.

K.Huffman & R.Kunz, Linear Algebra, Prentice- Hall

 TEC402 Control Systems 3-1-0

Block-diagram algebra. Time response of poles. Routh – Hurwitz criterion. Basic

feedback loop, Initial value & Final value boundary problem solutions. 9

Root loci. Properties. Stability range from the loci. Design using root loci, proportional
controller, phase lead controller and PD controller. 9

Frequency domain techniques. Bode and Nyquist plots. Phase and gain margins.
Frequency domain specifications. Controller design. 9

State - space techniques. Canonical form for SISO continuous-time and discrete-time
systems. Solution of state equations. State models of MIMO systems. Stability analyses.
Lyapunov criterion for stability. 9

Controllability and observability. Design of state feedback controllers. Full order and
reduced order observers. Design of observers for continuous-time and discrete-time
systems. 9

References:

A.Ramakalyan, Control Engineering, Vikas, 2003

R.C.Dorf & R.H.Bishop, Modern Control Systems (8/e), Pearson, 1999

TEC 403 Transmission Lines and Wave guides 3-1-0

Classification of guided wave solutions-TE, TM and TEM waves. Field analysis of

transmission lines.

Rectangular and circular waveguides. Excitation of waveguides. Rectangular and circular

cylindrical cavity resonators.

Transmission line equations. Voltage and current waves. Solutions for different
terminations. Transmission-line loading.

Impedance transformation and matching. Quarter-wave and half-wave transformers.

Binomial and Tchebeyshev transformers. Single stub matching .

Microstriplines, stripline, and synthesis of microstrip line.Parameters of microstrip line

References:
Samual Liao,” Microwave Devices & Circuits”, PHI.

R.E.Colllin, Foundations for Microwave Engineering (2/e), McGraw-Hill,2002.

D.M.Pozar, Microwave Engineering (2/e) Wiley,1999.

TMA 404 Probability theory and Random Processes 3 -1- 0

Axioms of probability theory. Probability spaces. Joint and conditional probabilities-

Bayes’ Theorem- Independent events.

Random variables and random vectors. Distributions and densities. Independent random
variables – Functions of one and two random variables. 

Moments and characteristic functions. Inequalities of Chebyshev and Schwartz.

Convergence concepts.

Random processes. Stationarity and ergodicity. Strict sense and wide sense stationary
processes - Covariance functions and their properties. Spectral representation. Wiener-
Khinchine theorem. 

Gaussian processes. Processes with independent increments. Poisson processes. Lowpass

and Bandpass noise representations.

References:

Davenport, Probability and Random Processes for Scientist and Engineers, McGraw-Hill

Papoulis,A.,Probability, Random variables and Stochastic Processes, McGraw Hill.

George R.Cooper, Probabilistic methods of Signal & system Analysis, Oxford University
Press.

TEC405 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers 3-1-0

Programming model and instruction sets for 8085 &8086 microprocessor. Parallel and
serial data transfer concepts.

Assembly level programming and programming with DOS and BIOS function calls using
disks and files. Interrupt hook.

Hardware details of 8086. Memory interface. Parallel and serial data transfer. Data
converter interfacing. Interrupt controller and timer chips.

8051,68HC12 microcontroller , programming model, instruction set. Assembly level

programming. Introduction to PIC microcontroller.

Interrupts. Parallel and serial port interfacing. Interfacing DAC, ADC, Key board and
displays to microcontroller.

 
Refereces:

B.B.Brey, The Intel Microprocessors Etc, Pearson.

I.L.Antonakos, An Introduction to the Intel Family of Microprocessors, Pearson, 1999

R.E.Haskell, Design of Embedded Systems using 68HC12/11 Microcontrollers, Prentice-

Hall, 2000

SEMESTER V
TEC501 Digital Signal Processing 3-1-0
1. DISCRETE – TIME SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS : 10
Sampling of Analogue signals – aliasing – standard discrete time signals – classification
– discrete time systems – Linear time invariant stable casual discrete time systems –
classification methods – linear and circular convolution – difference equation
representation – DFS, DTFT, DFT – FFT computations using DIT and DIF algorithms.
Time response and frequency response analysis of discrete time systems to standard input
signals.

INFINITE IMPULSE RESPONSE DIGITAL FILTERS: 9

Review of design of analogue Butterworth and Chebyshev Filters, Frequency
transformation in analogue domain – Design of IIR digital filters using impulse
invariance technique – Design of digital filters using bilinear transform – pre warping –
Frequency transformation in digital domain – Realization using direct, cascade and
parallel forms.

FINITE IMPULSE RESPONSE DIGITAL FILTERS: 9

Symmetric and Antisymmetric FIR filters – Linear phase FIR filters – Design using
Frequency sampling technique – Window design using Hamming, Hanning and
Blackmann Windows – Concept of optimum equiripple approximation – Realisation of
FIR filters – Transversal, Linear phase and Polyphase realization structures.

FINITE WORD LENGTH EFFECTS: 8

Quantization noise – derivation for quantization noise power – Fixed point and binary
floating point number representations – Comparison – Overflow error – truncation error –
coefficient quantization error – limit cycle oscillations- signal scaling – analytical model
of sample and hold operations.

SPECIAL TOPICS IN DSP: 9

Discrete Random Signals- Mean, Variance, Co-variance and PSD – Periodiogram
Computation – Principle of Multi rate DSP – decimation and Interpolation by integer
factors – Time and frequency domain descriptions – Single, Multi stage, polyphase
structures – QMF filters – Subband Coding

TEXT BOOK:
1. John G. Proakis and Dimitris G.Manolakis, ‘Digital Signal Processing,
Algorithms and Applications ‘, PHI of India Ltd., New Delhi 3rd Edition 2000.

REFERENCES:
1.Sanjit K.Mitra ‘Digital Signal Processing’, A Computer Based Approach, Tata
McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 1998.

2. J.R.Jhonson, Introduction to Digital Signal Processing, Prentice-Hall, 1989.

TEC502 Communication Theory 3-1-0

1. AMPLITUDE MODULATION SYSTEMS: 10

Review of Spectral Characteristics of Periodic and Non-periodic signals; Generation and
Demodulation of AM, DSBSC, SSB and VSB Signals; Comparison of Amplitude
Modulation Systems; Frequency Translation; FDM; Non – Linear Distortion.

2. ANGLE MODULATION SYSTEMS: 8

Phase and Frequency Modulation; Single tone, Narrow Band and Wideband FM;
Transmission Bandwidth; Generation and Demodulation of FM Signal.

3. NOISE THEORY: 8
Review of Probability, Random Variables and Random Process; Guassian Process; Noise
– Shot noise, Thermal noise and white noise; Narrow band noise, Noise temperature;
Noise Figure.

4. PERFORMANCE OF CW MODULATION SYSTEMS: 10

Superheterodyne Radio receiver and its characteristic; SNR; Noise in DSBSC systems
using coherent detection; Noise in AM system using envelope detection and its FM
system; FM threshold effect; Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis in FM; Comparison of
performances.

5. INFORMATION THEORY : 9
Information Measure; Entropy and Information rate; Discrete Memoryless source;
Shannon-Fano coding, Huffman coding; Mutual Information; Binary symmetric channel,
Discrete channel capacity; Continuous information source; Continuous channel capacity,
Channel capacity theorem.
 TEXT BOOK:

1. Simon Haykins, ' Communication Systems ', John Wiley, 4th Edition 2001.

REFERENCES:

1. Taub and Schilling, ' Principles of Communication System ', Tata McGraw-Hill,
New Delhi, 1995.
2. A.Bruce Carlson et al, ‘Communication Systems, McGraw-Hill Int., 4 th Edition,
2002.
3. Roddy and Coolen, ' Electronic Communication ', Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi, 4th Edition, 1998.
4. B.P Lathi, “Modern Digital and analog communication systems”, 3 rd Edition,
Oxford University press 1998.
5. B.P Lathi, “ Communication systems”, BS Publication 1968. Reprint 2001.

6. J.S.Beasley & G.M.Miler, Modern Electronic Communication(8/e), Pearson

7. J.Smith, Modern Communication Circuits (2/e), McGraw Hill

8. B.Carlson, Introduction to Communication Systems (4/e), McGraw-Hill

TEC503 Antenna & Wave Propagation 3-1-0

Radiation fundamentals. Potential theory. Helmholtz integrals. Radiation from a current

element. Basic antenna parameters. Radiation field of an arbitrary current distribution.
Small loop antennas. 8

Receiving antenna. Reciprocity relations. Receiving cross section, and its relation to gain.
Reception of completely polarized waves. Linear antennas. Current distribution.
Radiation field of a thin dipole. Folded dipole. Feeding methods. Radiation from helical
antenna. 9

Antenna arrays. Array factorization. Array parameters. Broad side and end fire arrays.
Yagi-Uda arrays Log-periodic arrays. 8

Aperture antennas. Fields as sources of radiation. Horn antennas. Babinet’s principle.

Parabolic reflector antenna. Feeding systems,Microstrip antennas, 8

Wave Propogation: Propogation in free space. Propogation around the earth, surface
wave propogation, structure of the ionosphere, propogation of plane waves in ionized
medium, Determination of critical frequency, MUF. Fading, tropospheric propogation,
Super refraction. 12

References:
J.D.Kraus, Antennas (3/e), TMH.
Balanis. Antenna analysis & Design, John Wiley.
R.E.Collin, Antennas and Radio Wave Propagation, McGraw – Hill,1985.

K.F.Lee, Principles of Antenna Theory, Wiley,1984.

J.R. James etal, Microstrip Antenna Theory and Design, IEE, 1981.

Frederick Emmons Terman, Electronic Radio Engineering (4/e), McGraw Hill

TEC504 Analog Integrated Circuits 3-1-0

BJT differential amplifiers. Differential amplifiers with active load.Operational

Amplifiers, DC and AC characteristics. Applications of Op-amp. Precision rectifiers. Log
and antilog amplifiers. Four quadrant multipliers. Instrumentation amplifier. 10

Active filters. Filter classification. Standard approximations. Butterworth, Chebyshev and

Bessel filters. Switched capacitor filter. 8

Multivibrators using opamps. 555 timer. Triggering circuits for bistable and monostable
multivibrators. Programmable timer. 9

Data converters. Analog multiplexer .A/D and D/A converters. PLL-Applications of PLL.
Frequency synthesizers. Coherent synthesizers using PLL. Direct digital synthesis. Phase
noise in oscillators. 9

Voltage regulators. Regulators using opamps. IC regulators. Protection circuits. Foldback

current limiting. Current boosting of IC regulators. Switching regulators. 9

References:

S.Franco, Design with Operational Amplifiers and Analog Integrated Circuits (3/e) TMH,
2003

R.Gayakwad, Op-amps and Linear Integrated Circuits (4/e), PHI

D.A.Bell, Solid state Pulse Circuits (4/e), PHI

TMA 505 NUMERICAL AND STATISTICAL METHODS 3 1 0

1. LINEAR SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS 12

Solution of Systems of equations – Solution of Simultaneous linear equations – Gauss

elimination methods – Gauss Jordan methods, Jacobi and Gauss Seidal iterative methods

2. NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION 12

Interpolation, Differentiation and integration – difference table – Newton’s forward and

backward interpolation –Lagrangian interpolation –Differentiation formulae– Trapezoidal
and Simpson rule Gaussian – Quadrature
3. DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 12

Ordinary Differential equations–Taylor Series and Euler methods, Runge– Kutta methods
– Predictor-corrector method – Milne and Adam – Bashforth methods – Error Analysis

4. PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS 12
Probability axioms- Bayes Theorem- Discrete random variables and Continuous random
variables – Density & Distribution functions - Joint and marginal distributions –
Conditional distributions - Characteristic function- moment generating function-
expectation.

5. SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS 12

Small sample, t-test, F-test, 2 –test, ANOVA one way classification and two way
classification

TEXT BOOKS

1. Grewal B.S, “ Numerical methods in Engineering and Science”, Khanna Publishers,

1994. (Unit 1,2 & 3)
2. John.E..Freund, Irwin Miller, Marylees Miller “Mathematical Statistics with
Applications ”, Seventh Edition, Prentice Hall of India, 2004. (Unit 4 & 5)

REFERENCES

1. A.M.Natarajan & A.Tamilarasi, “Probability Random Processes and Queuing

theory”, New Age International Publishers, 2nd Edition, 2005.

2. S.K. Gupta, “ Numerical Methods for Engineers “, New age International Publishers ,
1995.

SEMESTER VI
TEC 601 Digital Communication 3-1-0
1. SAMPLING AND WAVEFORM CODING: 9
Sampling Theorem, Band pass sampling, distortion due to sampling, uniform and non
uniform Quantization, Quantization error, PAM, PCM and TDMA Principles,
Differential pulse code Modulation and Delta Modulation, linear prediction and
prediction filters, speech coding at low bit rates.
2. BANDLIMITED SIGNALLING: 9
Power Spectra of PAM signals, Inter symbol Interference, ideal Nyquist channel, raised
cosine channels, correlative coding and precoding, eye patterns and equalization
techniques.

3. DIGITAL MODULATION, DETECTION AND ESTIMATION: 12

Gram Schmidt procedures, matched filters, correlation receivers, likelihood functions and
maximum likelihood detection, BPSK, QPSK, FSK and MSK schemes bit and symbol
error properties, performance comparisons, principles of carrier and timing
synchronization.

4. ERROR CONTROL CODING:

9
Introduction to linear block codes, Hamming codes, BCH coding, RS coding,
Convolutional Coding, Coding Grain Viterbi decoding.

5. SPREAD SPECTRUM SYSTEMS:

6
Psuedo Noise sequences, generation and correlation properties, direct sequence spread
spectrum systems, Frequency Hop systems, processing gain, antijam and multipath
performance

TEXT BOOK:

1. Simon Haykins, “Digital Communications”, John Wiley, 1988.

REFERENCES :
1. John.g.Proakis, ‘Digital Communication’, McGraw-Hill Inc., Third edition,
Malaysia, 1995.
2 M.K.Simen, ‘Digital Communication Techniques, Signal Design & Detection’,
Prentice Hall of India, 1999

TEC602 Microwave Components and Circuits 3-1-0

Scattering matrix formulation. Passive microwave devices; terminations, bends, corners,

attenuators, phase changers, directional couplers and hybrid junctions. Ferrite devices.

Microwave Sources: Klystron, Reflex Klystron, Magnetron, TWT, Gunn Diode,

IMPATT, TRAPATT,Tunnel Diode –Operation & Characterstics
Microwave measurements; frequency, wavelength, VSWR. Impedance determination. S-
parameter measurements. Network analyzer.

Microwave network parameters. Basic circuit elements for microwaves. Transmission

line sections and stubs. Richard transformation. Kuroda identities.MIC filter design. Low
pass to high pass, band pass and band stop transformations. Realization using microstrip
lines and strip lines.

Design and realization of MIC components. 3 dB hybrid design. Directional coupler,

circulator, power divider; realization using microstrip lines.

References: 

D.M.Pozar, Microwave Engineering (2/e), Wiley,1999.

R.E.Collins, Foundations of Microwave Engineering, IEEE Press.

I.J.Bhal & P.Bhartia, Microwave Solid state Circuit Design, Wiley.

Samuel Liao,”Microwave Devices & Circuits”,PHI.

TEC603 VLSI System Design 3-1-0

VLSI technology- NMOS, CMOS and BICMOS circuit fabrication. Layout design rules.
Stick diagram. Latch up.

System design using HDL- circuit and system representation. Hierarchical representation
of digital system. An overview of Verilog. Basics of verilog, operators, hierarchy,
procedures and assignments. Timing controls, delay, tasks and functions. Control
statements. Test benches.

VLSI logic circuits and analysis- MOS and CMOS switches. Implementation of logic
circuits using MOS and CMOS technology, multiplexers and memory, MOS transistors,
threshold voltage, MOS device design equations. MOS models, small-signal AC analysis.
CMOS inverters, propagation delay of inverters, power dissipation.

Programmable logic devices- antifuse, EPROM and SRAM techniques. Programmable

logic cells. Programmable inversion and expander logic. Design flow for VLSI circuits.
Computation of interconnect delay.

VLSI testing -need for testing , manufacturing test principles, design strategies for test,
chip level and system level test techniques.

References:

N.H.E.Weste etal, CMOS VLSI design, (3/e), Pearson , 2005

J. Smith, Application Specific Integrated Circuits, Addison Wesley, 1997.

Uyemura, Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems, Wiley, 2002.

TMM 660 Management Concepts and Practices 3-1-0

Introduction to management, evolution of scientific management, modern management.

Principles. Elements of management;. Planning, organizing, staffing, directing,
coordinating, reporting, budgeting.

Core concepts of marketing. need, want, demand, product, value, satisfaction, marketing
mix- product, price, place, promotion.

Financial management, objectives, scope, techniques of investment analysis, pay back

period, accounting rate of return, working capital, cost of capital. Sources of financing.

Technology management. Product design . Types of production system. Plant location-

factors to be considered. Plant layout. Types of layout. Inventory management.

Significance of HRM. HR planning job evaluation. Recruitment and selection. Placement

and induction. Training. Performance appraisal. Compensation. Industrial relations.

References: 

L.M.Prasad, Priciples and Practice of Management, S.Chand & Sons.

P.Kotler, Marketing Management (12/e), Pearson, 2005

P.Chandra, Financial Management Theory and Practice (3/e), TMH, 2004

K.Ashwathappa, Human Resources and Personnel Management (3/e),TMH, 2005

E.S.Buffa & R.K.Sarin, Modern Production/Operation Management (8/e), Wiley, 1994.

LIST OF OPEN ELECTIVES:

TMM651 Industrial Economics 3-1-0

Microeconomics. Demand and supply. Forecasting techniques. Cost and

revenues.Competitive nature of firms.

Keynesian economics. Aggregate demand and supply. Employment determination.

National income. Trade cycle. Inflation. Index numbers.

Capital budgeting. Cash flow analysis. Balance sheet. Risk analysis and decision making.

Impact of liberalization, privatization and globalization. Locating the firm in a global

economy.
Fiscal policy. Taxation-principles. Exchange rate determination. Monetary policy.
Functions of banks. Credit creation by commercial banks.

References: 

M.Adhikari, Business Economics, Excel Books, 2004

S.K.Misra &V.K.Puri, Economic Environment of Business, HPH, 2003

TCS 652 COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE 3 -1- 0

1. INTRODUCTION:
9
Computing and Computers, evolution of computers, VLSI era, system design- register
level, processor level, CPU organization, Data representation, fixed – point numbers,
floating point numbers, instruction formats, instruction types.

2. DATA PATH DESIGN: 9

Fixed point arithmetic, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, combinational
and sequential ALUs, carry look ahead adder, Robertson algorithm, booth’s algorithm,
non-restoring division algorithm, floating point arithmetic, coprocessor, pipeline
processing, pipeline design, modified booth’s algorithm

3. CONTROL DESIGN: 9
Hardwired Control, micro programmed control, Multiplier control unit, CPU control
unit, Pipeline control, instruction pipelines, pipeline performance, super scaling
processing, Nano programming.

4. MEMORY ORGANIZATION: 9
Random access memories, serial access memories, RAM interfaces, magnetic surface
recording, optical memories, multilevel memories, Cache & virtual memory, memory
allocation, Associative memory.

5. SYSTEM ORGANIZATION: 9
Communication methods, buses, bus control, bus interfacing, bus arbitration, IO and
system control, IO interface circuits, DMA and interrupts, vectored interrupts, PCI
interrupts, pipeline interrupts, IOP organization, operation systems, multiprocessors, fault
tolerance.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Morris Mano, “Computer System Architecture”, Prentice-Hall of India, 2000.
2. John P.Hayes, ‘Computer architecture and organisation’, Tata McGraw-Hill,
Third edition, 1998.

REFERENCES:
1. V.Carl Hamacher, Zvonko G. Varanesic and Safat G. Zaky, “ Computer
Organisation “ IV edition, McGraw-Hill Inc, 1996.
2. H.S. Stone, “High Performance computer architecture”, Addison Wesley, Third
Edition, 1993.
3. K.Hwang, ‘ Advanced computer architecture ‘, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1993.
4. J.Vaideeswaran, ‘ Computer architecture ‘, New Age International, 1999.

TCS653 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING 3-1-0

1. INTRODUCTION 9
Classes, Objects, Structures, Declaration of Class, Member functions, Pointers, Unions,
Nested class, Copy and Default Constructors, Destructors, Inline member functions,
Static class members, Friend functions, Inheritance, Ambiguity in single inheritance,
Multiple inheritance container classes, Member Access control.

2. RUDIMENTS OF C++ 9
Identifiers, Keywords, Constants, C++ operators, Statements, Manipulator functions,
Control & loop statements, Functions and program structures, Recursive functions, Pre-
processors, Header files, Standard functions, Multi function program, Conditional
compilation.

3. ARRAYS, POINTERS, STRUCTURES & UNIONS 9

Processing with arrays, Multidimensional arrays, Character arrays, Pointer arithmetic,
Array of pointers, Pointers to pointers, Arrays of structures, Nested structure, Unions, Bit
fields, Enumeration’s.

4. OVERLOADING & POLYMORPHISM 9

Function overloading operators overloading, Overloading of binary operators,
Overloading of unary operators, Polymorphism with pointers, Virtual functions, Late
binding, Abstract base classes, Constructors under inheritance, Destructors under
inheritance, Virtual Destructors, Virtual base classes.

5. EXCEPTION HANDLING & DATA FILE OPERATIONS 9

Function template, class template, Exception handling Opening & closing of files, Binary
file operations, Random Access file processing, Various Turbo C++ and Borland C++
streams and file processing commands.

TEXT BOOK:
1. Balaguruswamy, “Object oriented programming with C++ Tata McGraw-Hill,
Second edition.

REFERENCES:
1. Lafore.R., “Object oriented programming in Microsoft C++”, Galgotia, New
Delhi, 1993.
2. Venugopal, Ravishanker and Rajkumar, “Mastering C++”, Tata McGraw-Hill,
First edition, 1998.
3. D. Ravichandran, “Programming with C++”, Tata McGraw-Hill, First edition,
1997.
4. Appleby, “Programming Languages: Pradigm and Practice”, Tata McGraw-Hill,
First edition.
5. N.E.Smith, “Object oriented programming using Turbo C++”, BPB, New Delhi,
1992.

TEE654 POWER ELECTRONICS 3-1-0

1. POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES 9

Power transistors, Fast recovery diodes, Thyristors, Power TRIAC, MOSFET, IGBT,
GTO characteristics, rating, Protection circuits, Driver Circuits.

2. POWER SUPPLIES 9
Single Phase and Three Phase Controlled rectifiers, Design of Trigger circuits, Switching
mode regulators – Boost, Buck, Buck-Boost and Cuk regulators, AC voltage regulator.

3. INVERTERS 9
Voltage and current source inverters, Resonant, Series inverter, PWM inverter.

4. CHOPPERS 9
Type A, B, C and D choppers, Pulse width modulation - Gating requirements.

5. MOTOR CONTROL 9
DC motor drives, Induction and Synchronous motor drives, Switched reluctance and
brushless motor drives.

TEXT BOOK:
1. M.D.Singh, K.B. Khanchandani, “Power Electronics”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1998.

REFERENCES:
1. Ned Mohan, Tore M.Undeland, William P.Robbins, “Power Electronics,
Converters, Applications and Design”, John Wiley & Sons, 1994.
2. Muhamed H.Roshid, “Power Electronics Circuits, Devices and Application”,
Prentice Hall of India, 1995.
3. B.K.Bose, “Modern Power Electronics”, Jaico Publishing House, 1999.
4. Sen, Power Electronics”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1987.

SEMESTER VII
TEC701 Tele Communication Switching&Networks 3-1-0

1. EVOLUTION OF TELECOMMUNICATION SWITCHING AND

CIRCUITS 6
Evolution of Public Switched Telecommunication Networks Strowger exchange,
Crossbar exchange, Stored programme exchange Digital exchange – Basic Tele
communication equipments – Telephone handset, Hrbrid circuit, Echo suppressors and
cancellors, PCM coders, Modems and Relays.

2. ELECTRONIC SWITCHING 9
Circuit Switching, Message switching, Centralized stored programme switching, Time
switching, Spare switching, Combination switching – Digital switching system hardware
configuration, Switching system software, Organization, Switching system call
processing software, Hardware software integration.

3. TELECOMMUNICATION SIGNALLING AND TRAFFIC 9

Channel associated signaling, Common channel signaling, SS7 signaling protocol, SS7
protocol architecture, Concept of Telecommunication traffic, Grade of service, Modeling
switching systems, Blocking models and Delay systems.

4. INTEGRATED DIGITAL NETWORKS 9

Subscriber loop characteristics, Local access wire line and wire less PCM / TDM carrier
standards transmission line codes, Digital multiplexing techniques, Synchronous,
Asynchronous, Plesiocronous multiplexing techniques, SONET / SDH, Integrated Digital
Network (IDN) environment – Principles of Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
– Cellular Mobile Communication Principles.

5. DATA NET WORKS 2

Data transmission in PSTN – Connection oriented and Connection less protocols – packet
switching – ISO-OSI architecture-Satellite based data networks – Multiple access
techniques – LAN, WAN – standards – TCP / IP – Internet – Principle of ATM networks.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Viswanathan. T, “Telecommunication Switching System and Networks”, Prentice
Hall of India Ltd., 1994.
2. Behrouz Forouzan, “Introduction to Data Communication and Networking”,
McGraw-Hill, 1998.

REFERENCES
1. L.S.Lawton, “Integrated Digital Networks, Galgotta Publication Pvt., Ltd., New
Delhi, 1996.
2. Syed R. Ali, “Digital Switching Systems”, McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, 1998.

TEC702 Wireless Communication 3 – 1- 0

Introduction. Cellular concept. System design fundamentals. Capacity improvement.

Mobile radio wave propagation; reflection, diffraction, fading. Path loss prediction.

Mobile radio propagation and fading in mobile propagation. Multipath propagation.

Statistical characterization of multipath fading. Diversity.

Link design. Design parameters for base station. Antenna location, spacing, heights and
configurations.

Multiple access techniques; FDMA, TDMA and CDMA.OQPSK,П/4- QPSK Spread

spectrum. Power control. WCDMA. CDMA network design.

GMSK, Gaussian Pulse Shaping,GSM. 3G systems. WLAN technology. WLL.

HiperLAN. Introduction to Bluetooth.

References: 

T.S.Rappaport, Wireless Communication Principles (2/e), Pearson.

W.C.Y.Lee, Mobile Communication Engineering. (2/e), McGraw- Hill,1998.

A.F.Molisch, Wireless Communications, Wiley, 2005.

TEC703 Fiber Optic Communication 3– 1 - 0

Advantages of optical Fibres in Communication,Step-index and graded index optical

fibers. Modal analysis of propagation. Classification of modes.

Pulse dispersion. Material and waveguide dispersion .Absorption, scattering and bending
losses.

Optical coupling into multimode and single mode fibers.Lensing schemes for coupling
improvement.Fiber-to-fiber joints. Splicing techniques.Optical fiber connectors.
Optical sources and detectors. Laser fundamentals. Semiconductor Laser basics. diodes
and LEDs.PIN and avalanche photodiodes & Photo transistors.

Design considerations of fiber optic systems(coherent and non-coherent),Analog and

digital modulation,Multiplexing techniques(OTDM,WDM,SCM). Noise in detection
process. Bit error rate. Optical receiver operation.Performance calculations.

References: 

A.Ghatak & K.Thygarajan, Introduction to Fiber Optics, Cambridge, 1999.

G.Keiser, Optical Fiber Communications (3/e),Mc Graw-Hill.

P.K.Cheo, Fiber Optics and Optoelectronics (2/e) Prentice – Hall

TEC704 Digital Signal Processors and Applications 3 – 1 –0

Difference between DSP and other microprocessor architectures. Von neuman

Architecture, Harvard architecture, Super Harvard architecture(SHARC),Multi Issue
Architecture.An overview of Motorola and Analog Device DSPs.

Fixed and Floating point DSP’s,TMS320C54X fixed point and TMS320C3X floating
point DSP architectures, CPU, memory, buses and peripherals. Addressing modes,
instruction sets , control operations, interrupts.

Repeat operations.Pipeline operation. Pipeline conflics and programming concepts.

Interfacing, serial interface, parallel interface, DMA operations, A/D and D/A converter
interfaces.

DSP tools. DSP applications. MAC, filter design, implementation of DFT, echo
cancellation, spectrum analyzer. Speech and video processing.

References:

B.Venkataramani & M.Bhaskar, Digital Signal Processors, Architecture, Programming

and Applications, TMH, 2003

S.Srinivasan & A. Singh, Digital Signal Processing, Thomson, 2004

ELECTIVE -I
TEC711 Embedded System Design 3-1-0

Overview of various types of micro-controllers . Onchip data converters. watch dog

timer.

Intel family of microcontrollers 8051 /8031. architectures. Instruction set. Real time
control of interrupts and timers. PIC series of microcontrollers.

System design. Peripheral Interfacing . Digital and analog interfacing. Programming

framework. Software development.

Real time operating systems. RTlinux. Development tools for micro-controller based
system design.

16 and 32 bit microcontrollers. 8096/80196 family. Motorola family MC68HC11/12.

ARM 32 bit MCU.

References

Raj kamal, Microcontrollers, Programming, Interfacing and System Design , Pearson,

2005

J.Morton, The PIC Microcontroller (3/e) , Elsevier, 2005

TEC712 Advanced Microprocessors 3-1-0

Software model for Pentium. Real and protected mode of operation. Instruction set and
addressing modes. Interrupts.

Hardware details of Pentium, Pipelining. Branch prediction. Cache memories. Floating

point unit.

Segmentation. Memory management. Paging. Protection. Multitasking. Exceptions and

interrupts. Virtual 8086 mode. Protected mode applications.

Special processors. Power PC architecture and organization. Programming model.

Instruction sets.

Bus interface. ISA bus. Extended ISA and VESA local bus. PCI bus. USB bus. Serial bus
standards. Parallel printer interface standards.
References:

B.Brey, The Intel Microprocessors Etc, (4/e) PHI, 1998

J.L.Antonakos, An Introduction to Intel Family of Microprocessors, Pearson, 1999.

D.Tabak, Advanced Microprocessors, McGraw- Hill, 1995

TEC713 Broadband Access Technologies                          3-1-0

Phone line modem-ISDN. Broadband technologies. Cable, DLS, fiber and wireless access
technologies.

Digital subscriber lines. ADSL. RADSL. IDSL. HDSL. SDSL. VDSL. Standards for
XDSL and comparison.

Cable modem. DOCSIS. Hub operation. Access control. Framing. Security, data link and
higher layers. ATM and IP-centric modem.

Fiber access technologies and architectures. Hybrid fiber-coax systems. SDV. PON.
FTTX comparison.

Broadband wireless systems. Direct broadcast satellite. MMDS. LMDS. WIDIS. 3G

wireless systems . IMT2000.

References
N.Ransom & A.A. Azzam, Broadband Access Technologies, McGraw Hill, 1999.
M.P. Clarke, Wireless Access Network, Wiley, 2000.
W.J. Woralski, ADSL and DSL Technologies, McGraw Hill, 1998.
S. Mervana & C.Le, Design and Implementation of DSL-based Access Solutions, Cisco
Press, 2001
W. Vermillion, End-to-End DSL Architecture, Cisco Press, 2003.

TEC 714 Digital Image Processing                                (3-1-0)

Linearity and  space-invariance.  PSF, Discrete images and image transforms,  2-D  
sampling and reconstruction, Image  quantization, 2-D  transforms and properties.

Image   enhancement- Histogram  modelling, equalization   and    modification.   Image 

smoothing , Image crispening.   Spatial filtering, Replication and zooming, Generalized
cepstrum and homomorphic filtering.

Image restoration- image observation models. Inverse and Wiener   filtering.    Filtering
using image transforms. Constrained least-squares restoration. Generalized inverse,  
SVD    and  interactive methods.   Recursive filtering.  Maximum  entropy   restoration.
Bayesian methods.

Image data compression- sub sampling,    Coarse quantization and frame repetition. Pixel
coding  - PCM,   entropy   coding,    runlength   coding   Bit-plane  coding.  Predictive
coding. Transform coding of images. Hybrid coding and vector DPCM. Interframe hybrid
coding.

Image analysis- applications,  Spatial and transform features.  Edge detection,  

boundary   extraction,  AR  models and region representation.  Moments  as features.
Image structure. Morphological operations and   transforms.  Texture.  Scene  matching
and detection.    Segmentation and  classification

References
 A.K. Jain,  Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing ,  PHI, 1995.
 R.C.Gonzalez & R.E. Woods; Digital Image Processing, (2/e),  Pearson

SEMESTER VIII
TEC801 DATA COMMUNICATION & NETWORK 3-1-0

1.Introduction to data communication

Goals and Applications of Networks, LAN, WAN, MAN, Wireless network, Protocol hierarchies,
design issues of layers, Interfaces and services. Reference Model: The OSI reference model,
TCP/IP reference model, The Internet.

2.Physical Layer
Maximum data rate of a channel, Transmission media, Wireless transmission, Circuit switching,
Packet switching, network topology.

3.Data Link Layer

Data link layer design issues, services provided to network layers, Framing, Error control, Flow
control, Error detection and correction, Elementary data link protocols, An unrestricted Simplex
protocol, A Simplex Stop-and-Wait protocol, Simplex Protocol for a noisy channel, Sliding
Window protocols, A protocol using go-back-N, A protocol using selective repeat, Example data
link protocol-HDLC, PPP and SLIP.

4.Medium Access Sublayer

Channel Allocations, Static and dynamic allocation in LAN, Multiple Access protocols, ALOHA,
Carrier Sense multiple access protocols, Wireless protocols, Collision free protocols, Limited
contention protocols, IEEE standard 802.3 and Ethernet, IEEE standard 802.4, Token bus IEEE
standard 802.5, Token Ring, Distributed Queue Dual bus, Logical link control, bridges, High
speed LAN.

5.Network Layer
Network Layer design issue, Routing algorithms, Congestion Control Algorithms,
Internetworking.

6.Transport Layer
Transport services, Design issues, elements of transport protocols, simple transport protocols,
Connection management, TCP, UDP.

7.Session, Presentation and Application Layer

Session Layer - Design issues, remote procedure call.
Presentation Layer - Design issues, Data compression techniques, cryptography.
Application Layer - File Transfer, Access and Management, Electronic mail, Virtual Terminals.
8.ISDN Narrowband ISDN, Broadband ISDN and ATM, Virtual circuits
TEXT BOOKS
1. A.S. TANENBAUM, Computer Networks, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall India.
2. S. KESHAV, An Engineering Approach on Computer Networking, Addison Welsey.
3. W. STALLINGS, Data and Computer Communication, Macmillan Press.

TEC802 Satellite Communication 3–1-0

Elements of orbital mechanics. Equations of motion. Tracking and orbit determination.

Orbital correction/control. Satellite launch systems. Multistage rocket launchers and their
performance.

Elements of communication satellite design. Spacecraft subsystems. Reliability

considerations. Spacecraft integration.

Multiple access techniques. FDMA,TDMA,CDMA. Random access techniques. Satellite

onboard processing.

Satellite link design: Performance requirements and standards. Design of satellite links –
DOMSAT, INSAT, INTELSAT and INMARSAT. Satellite - based personal
communication.

Earth station design. Configiration. Antenna and tracking systems. Satellite broadcasting.

References:

D.Roddy, Satellite Communication (3/e), Mc Graw- Hill, 2001

T.Pratt & C.W.Bostain, Satellite Communication, Wiley 2000.

B.N.Agrawal, Design of Geosynchrons Spacecraft, Prentice- Hall,1986.

ELECTIVE –II
TEC821 ARM System Architecture                                         (3-1-0)

RISC machine. ARM programmer’s model. Development tools. ARM assembly language
programming.

ARM organization. ARM instruction execution. ARM implementation. ARM

Coprocessor interface. ARM instruction set.

Floating point architecture. Expressions. Conditional statement loops. Functions and

procedures. Use of memory. Run-time environment.

Thumb instruction set. Thumb programmer’s model. Thumb branch instruction. Thumb
data processing instructions. Data transfer instructions. Implementation.

Memory hierarchy. Architectural support for operating systems. Memory size and speed.
Cache memory management. Operating systems. ARM processor chips.

References

S. Furber, ARM System Architecture, Addison-Wesley,1996.

TEC822 Principles of Radar                                     (3-1-0)

Radar equation. Radar cross section. Cross section of small targets. Target scattering
matrices. Area and volume targets.

Radar signals. Ambiguity function and its properties. Uncertainty principle. Pulse
compression., linear FM pulse. Pulse compression by Costas FM and binary phase
coding.

Radar detection. Optimum Bayesian decision rules. Detection criteria for different target
models.

Range and Doppler measurements and tracking. Range and Doppler frequency
resolutions. Optimum receivers. Optimum filters for Doppler measurements. Coherent
and non coherent implementations.

Angle measurement and tracking. Angle measurement and tracking by conical scan and
monopulse. Optimum monopulse systems.
References
P.Z.Peebles, Radar Principles, Wiley, 1998.
N.Levanon, Radar Signals, Wiley, 2005.

TEC823 Speech Processing                                         (3-1-0)
 
Nature  of speech signal- Speech    production    mechanism.  Classification   of  speech 
sounds. Digital  processing  of  speech   signals. Significance of short-time analysis.

Linear predictive coding of speech-   linear   prediction  problem in   time  domain,
normal equations, Relationship of linear  prediction to  autocorrelation and spectral
domains.

Time domain and frequency domain methods for speech processing-  methods for
extracting  the time-domain  parameters. Zero crossings. Auto correlation function. pitch
estimation. Short - time Fourier analysis.  Filter  bank analysis. Format extraction and
pitch extraction. Analysis-synthesis systems.

Homomorphic speech analysis- Cepstral  analysis, formant  and   pitch  estimation.

Applications to speech recognition and speaker identification. Basic pattern recognition
methods, codebooks, HMM’s.

Speech codec standards and applications- Standards for low bit rate vocoders; Vocoder
attributes. Encoders and decoders of G723.1, G726, G727, G728, G729 standard
vocoders. Basics of voice over IP. Voice quality measures in IP networks.

References
T.F.Quatieri: Discrete-time  Speech Signal Processing, Prentice-Hall, PTR, 2001.
L.Hanza etal, Voice Compression and Communications, Wiley/IEEE , 2001.
L.R.Rabiner AND R.W.Schafer: Digital processing of speech signals, Prentice    
Hall,1978.
Hersent etal, IP Telephony, Pearson, 2000.

TEC824 Communication Electronic Circuits 3-1-0

Noise in Communication subsystems. Internal and external noise. Noise performance.

LNA design.

High frequency amplifier design. Shunt – series amplifier. Bandwidth enhancement.

Neutralization and unilaterization. Cascaded amplifiers.

RF power amplifiers. Design of class A, B, AB; C, D, E and F power amplifiers.

Modulation of power amplifiers.

Modulators and demodulators. Mixers. Circuits for generation and detection of AM,
DSBSC, SSBSC, FM and FSK signal. PLL application. AGC circuits.
Frequency synthesizers. Coherent synthesizers using PLL. Direct digital synthesis. Phase
noise in oscillators.

References: 

T.H.Lee, The Design of CMOS Radio – Frequency Integrated Circuits (2/e), Cambridge,
2004

J.S.Beasley & G.M.Miller, Modern Electronic Communication (8/e),Pearson.

J.Smith, Modern Communication Circuits (2/e), Mc Graw – Hill

T.L.Floyd, Electronic Devices (6/e), Pearson.

ELECTIVE-III

TEC831 Pattern Recognition                         (3-1-

0)                                     

Fundamental concepts and blocks of a typical pattern recognition system. Decision

functions- role and types, pattern and weight space, properties and implementation of
decision functions.

Feature identification, selection and extraction. Distance measures, clustering

transformation and feature ordering, clustering in feature selection, feature selection
through maximization and approximations.

Pattern classification by distance functions. Clusters and cluster seeking algorithms.

Pattern classification by likelihood functions. Baye’s classifier and performance
measures.

Artificial neural network model, Neural network-based pattern associators, Feed forward
networks and training by back-propagation- ART networks.

Applications of statistical and neural network – based pattern classifiers in speech

recognition, image recognition and target recognition.

References
J.I.Tou & R.C.Gonzalez, Pattern Recognition Priciples, Addition –Wesley.
R.Schalkoff, Pattern Recognition –Statistiucal, Structural and Neural Approaches, John
Wiley, 1992.
P.A.Devijer&J.Kittler, Pattern Recognition-A Statistical Approach , Prentice –Hall.
TEC832 MEDICAL ELECTRONICS 3-1-0

1. ELECTRO-PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOPOTENTIAL RECORDING 9

The origin of Biopotentials; biopotential electrodes; biological amplifiers; ECG, EEG,
EMG, PCG, EOG, lead systems and recording methods, typical waveforms and signal
characteristics.

2. BIO-CHEMICAL AND NON ELECTRICAL PARAMETER

MEASUREMENTS 9
pH, PO2, PCO2, PHCO3, Electrophoresis, colorimeter, photometer, Auto analyzer,
Blood flow meter, cardiac output, respiratory measurement, Blood pressure, temperature,
pulse, Blood cell counters.

3. ASSIST DEVICES 9
Cardiac pacemakers, DC Debrillators, Dialyser, Heart-Lung machine, Hearing aids.

4. PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND BIO-TELEMETRY 9

Diathermies – Short-wave, ultrasonic and microwave type and their applications, Medical
stimulator, Telemetry principles, frequency selection, Bio-telemetry, radio-pill and tele-
stimulation.

5. RECENT TRENDS IN MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION 9

Thermograph, endoscopy unit, Laser in medicine, Surgical diathermy, cryogenic
application, Electrical safety.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. John G.Webster, “Medical Instrumentation Application and Design”, John Wiley
and Sons, New York, 1998.
2. Leslie Cromwell, “Biomedical instrumentation and measurement”, Prentice Hall
of India New Delhi, 1997.

REFERENCES
1. Khandpur, R.S, “Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation”, Tata McGraw-Hill,
New Delhi, 1997.
2. Joseph J.Carr and John M.Brown, “Introduction to Biomedical equipment
technology”, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1997.
TEC833 NEURAL NETWORK 3-1-0
Introduction- Brain & Machine, Biological Neurons & its mathematical model, Artificial
Neural Networks, Benefits and Applications, Architectures, Learning Process (paradigms &
algorithms), Correlation Matrix Memory, Adaptation.

Supervised Learning- I
Pattern space and Weight space, Linearly & non Linearly separable classes, Decision
Boundary,Hebbian learning & limitation, Perceptron, Perceptron convergence theorem,
Logic Functions implementations.

LMS Algorithm: Wiener-Hopf equations, Steepest Descent Search method, LMS

algorithm,Convergence consideration in mean & mean square, Adaline, Learning curve,
Learning rate annealing schedules.

Supervised Learning- II
Multilayer Perceptrons, Backpropagation algorithm, XOR Problem, Training modes,
Optimum learning, Local minima, Network Pruning techniques
Unsupervised Learning: Clustering, Hamming Networks, Maxnet, Simple competitive
learning,Winner-Take-All Networks, Learning Vector Quantizers, Counterpropagation
Networks,Self Organising Maps (Kohonen Networks), Adaptive Resonance Theory.

Associative Models: Hopfield Networks (Discrete and continuous), Storage capacity,

Energy Function & minimization, Brain-State-in-a-Box Neural Network.
Applications of ANN & Matlab Simulation: Character Recognition, Control
Applications,Data compression, Self organizing semantic Maps.

Text Books:
1. “Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation” Siman Haykin. (Pearson Education)
2 “Elements of Artificial Neural Networks” Kishan Mehrotra, Chilukuri K. Mohan, Sanjay
Ranka. (Penram International Publishing, India)
Reference Book:
1 “Neural Networks: A Classroom Approach” – Satish Kumar, Tata McGraw Hill)
79

TEC834 RF MEMS Circuit Design                                           3-1-0

kPhysical and practical aspects of RF circuit design. Impedance mismatch effects in RF

MEMS.

RF/Microwave substrate properties. Micro machined- enhanced elements. MEM

switches. Resonators. MEMS modeling.

Reconfigurable circuit elements.Resonator MEMS switch Tunable CPW resonator.

MEMS microswitch arrays. Reconfigurable antenna.

MEMS phase shifters. Types of phase shifters. Switched delay line phase shifters.
Distributed MEMS phase shifters.

RF MEMS filters. Modeling of mechanical filters and resonators. SAW filters.

Micromachined filters for millimeter wave applications.

References
H.J.D.Santos, RF MEMS Circuit Design for Wireless Communications, Artech House , 
2002.
G.M.Rebeiz ,  RF MEMS Theory ,  Design and Technology, wiley , 2003.
V.K.Varadan etal, RF MEMS and their Applications, Wiley,2003
 List of Practicals
SEMESTER –III

PEC301 NETWORKS LAB 0-0-2

1.Verification of principle of superposition with dc and ac sources
2. Verification of Thevenin, Norton and Maximum power transfer theorems in ac
circuits
3. Verification of Tellegin’s theorem for two networks of the same topology
4. Determination of transient response of current in RL and RC circuits with step
voltage input
5. Determination of frequency response of current in RLC circuit with sinusoidal ac
Input (Series Resonance and Parellel Resonance)
6. Determination of z and h parameters (dc only) for a network and computation of Y & ABCD
parameters.

PEC 302 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB 0-0-2

1. To verify the truth table of logic gates and realization of AND, OR through diodes.
2. a)To verify the Boolean algebra function using digital IC gates (consensus theorem)
only
b). To realize the function F (A, B, C, D) =(C+D) (A+B) (B+D) using NOR gates only
3. Design a half/full adder circuit
4. Design a half/full sub tractor circuit
5. Use Quine Mclusky method for designing F (A,B,C,D)= m(1,3,5,7,9,15)+d(4,6,12,13)
realize it NOR-OR implementation.
6. Realization of Flip-flops.
7. Design of ring Counter.
8. Design a modulus N counter.
9. Design a shift register using flip-flops.
10. Simulation of counter using ORCAD/ PSPICE.
11. Realization of gates using CMOS in PSPICE.
12. Simulation of Combinational logic circuit using PSPICE.

PEC303 ELECTRONICS CIRCUITS LAB 0-0-2

1. To study half wave rectifier, full wave rectifier and bridge rectifier circuits.
2a). To study frequency response of CE amplifier
b) Study of two stage RC coupled transistor amplifier.
3. To study voltage gain and frequency response of FET audio power amplifier.

4. To study power gain and frequency response of a transistor audio amplifier.

5. To study CLASS-B push pull amplifier at audio frequency.

6. To study phase shift Oscillator.
7. To study the frequency of a given crystal oscillator and measure the output.
8. To study WEIN-BRIDGE oscillator and determine its frequency.
9. To study series and parallel resonance.
10. To study the HARTLEY and COLPITS oscillator.
11. Simulation of amplifier (BJT & CMOS) circuits using PSPICE.
12. Simulation of Oscillator circuit using PSPICE.

SEMESTER -IV
PEC401 PCB LAB 0-0-4
Design the following circuits in ORCAD and create a layout and make PCB and do the
testing of PCB.

Design of Rectifier (half wave, full wave)

Design of RC-coupled amplifier

Design of Colpitt’s Oscillator

Design of regulated power supply (5 V)

PEC 402 MICROPROCESSOR &MICROCONTROLLER LAB 0-0-2

Microprocessor Experiments (8086)

1. 16 bit arithmetic operation.
2. Code conversion.
3. BIOS service program.
4. Sorting algorithm.
5. Multibyte Packed BCD addition & subtraction
Microcontroller Experiments (8051)
1. Logic controller interface.
2. Traffic Light Interface.
3. ADC/DAC Interface.
4. Stepper motor Interface.
5. Digital Clock/keyboard interfacing.
6. Timers-Serial interface using interrupts.
Microcontroller Experiments (PIC using Cross C compilers)
1. PIC Binary /BCD counter
 2. I/O Controller Interface.

PEC 403 CONTROL SYSTEMS LAB:

Experiments based on MATLAB

SEMESTER –V

PEC501 COMMUNICATION LAB –I 0-0-2

1. To study Amplitude modulation using a transistor and determine depth of modulation.

2 To study Amplitude demodulation .
3 To study Frequency modulation using voltage controlled oscillator,
4 Generation of DSB-SC signal using balanced modulator, single side band signal,
5 Study of phase lock loop and detection of FM Signal using PLL,
6 Measurement of noise figure using a noise generator,
7 Study of super heterodyne AM receiver and measurement of sensitivity, selectivity
& fidelity.
8.Measurement of sensitivity, selectivity and fidelity of radio receivers.
9. Simulation Using MATLAB

(AM,DSBSC,SSB,FM, AM & FM Receivers)

PEC 502 ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB 0-0-2

1. To demonstrate the relationship between input and output for the inverting and
non-inverting configuration of the Op-Amp 741.
2. To verify the function of op-amp as a summer and as a difference amplifier.
3. To perform the mathematical operation of integration using basic and practical
circuits of op-amp’s.
4. To perform the mathematical operation of differentiation using basic and
practical circuits of op-amp’s.
5. To study half wave and full wave rectifier circuits using op-amp’s.
 6. To design a second order butter worth low pass filter for cut of frequency of 2
KHz and determining its frequency response.
7. To study the frequency response of a high pass filter(second order).
8. To study fourth order low pass filter and high pass filter.
9. To plot the frequency response of the band pass filter for a specified frequency
range.
10. To design a square wave and triangular wave generator using Op-amp’s.
11. To design Wein bridge oscillator using Op-Amp for oscillating frequency 1 KHz.

PEC503 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB 0-0-2

1. Basics of MATLAB-Realisation of Unit Impulse, Unit Step & Unit Ramp signals
2. Linear & Circular Convolution of two Sequences, Correlation of two sequences
3. DFT&IDFT Computation
4. Radix-2&Radix-4 algorithm FFT Calculation
5. Generation of Gaussian distributed numbers
6. IIR filter Implementation
7. FIR filter Implementation
8. Computational experiments with Digital filters.

SEMESTER VI:

PEC 601 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION LAB 0-0-2

1. Study of Sampling and reconstruction techniques.

2. Study of Pulse code modulation and demodulation
3. Study of delta modulation and demodulation and observe effect of slope
overload DCL-07.
4. Study of Adaptive Delta modulation and demodulation
5. Study of data coding techniques.
6. Study of amplitude shift keying modulator and demodulator.
7. Study of frequency shift keying modulator and demodulator.
8. Study of phase shift keying modulator and demodulator.
9. Study of TDM PCM Transmitter and receiver.
10. Simulation using MATLAB (Digital modulation and demodulation techniques)

PEC 602 MICROWAVE LAB 0-0-2

1. Measurement of guide wavelength and frequency of the signal in a rectangular
waveguide.
2. Measurement of VSWR using slotted line.
3. Study of mode characteristics of reflex Klystron and determination of mode
number, transit time & electronic tuning sensitivity.
4. Study of characteristics of Gunn oscillator.
5. Study of Gunn diode as modulated source (PIN modulation) and determination
of modulation depth.
6. Measurement of coupling coefficient and directivity of a directional coupler.
7. Study of insertion loss & coupling coefficient of TEE’s.
8. Measurement of attenuation using substitution method and plot of attenuation
versus frequency characteristics.
9. Study of waveguide horn and its radiation pattern and determination of the beam
width.
10. Measurement of microwave power using power meter

PEC 603 VLSI DESIGN LAB 0-0-2

Following Experiments are to be implemented in VHDL

Experiments on Xilinx FPGA

1. Adders (half and full adder)

2. Comparators
3. Flip flops and Latches
4. Counters
5. Encoder and decoder
6. Shift registers
7. PN Sequence
8. System design and implementation in FPGA

PEC 701 FIBRE COMMUNICATION LAB 0-0-2

1. D.C. Characteristics of LED and PIN Photo Diode

2. Optical transmission using Analog Modulation
3. System bandwidth Determination by Intensity Modulation.
4. Data transmission through Fiber Optic Link.
5. Time Division Multiplexing
6. PI Characteristics of LASER diode
7. Measurement of numerical aperture.
8. Study of losses in optical fibre.
9. Design of Optical Communication Link
10. Study of Manchestor coding & Decoding
11. 4B5B coding implementation in VHDL.

PEC 702 DSP PROCESSOR LAB 0-0-2

1. Study of Floating Point Digital Signal Processor & Fixed Point Digital Signal
Processor
2. Realisation of Circular & Linear Convolution and Correlation of two sequences.
3. Computation of DFT&IDFT of a given Sequence using DSP Processors
4. Radix-2 & Radix-4 algorithm FFT Calculation using DSP Processors
5. FIR & IIR Filter Implementation using the DSP Processors.
6. Design of digital filters and implementation using DSP processor.