1. What is Individual Sports?

-An individual sport refers to a sport in which participants compete as individuals.

2. What is Team Sports?

-A team sport includes any sport which involves players working together towards a
shared objective. A team sport is an activity in which a group of individuals, on the same
team, work together to accomplish an ultimate goal which is usually to win. 

3. What is Arnis?
-Arnis is the national martial art sport of Philippines. It is also known as Eskrima and
Kali. This sport actually emphasizes weapon-based fighting which is done using knives,
bladed weapons, sticks and various improvised weapons. It also includes hand to hand
combat, grappling and weapon disarming methods.

3.1 Brief history of Arnis

-Arnis was developed by the indigenous populations of the Philippines, who used an
assorted range of weaponry for combat and self-defense. Just over a century later, in
2009, the government of the Philippines declared arnis to be the martial art and national
sport of the Philippines.

3.2 Benefits of Arnis

-Some of these benefits are: Physical fitness, Weight-loss, learning discipline,
focusing, self-control, and leadership skills, this is because almost every type of hand-
to-hand attack reaches the body of the opponent through a different angle. Arnis enjoys
the status of the de jure national sport of the Philippines.

3.3 Safety Guidelines

-Physical examination. It is important to see your doctor before participating in any
sport. 
-Maintain fitness. Be sure you are in good physical condition when you begin martial
arts training. Fatigue during training and competition often leads to poor technique
and injury. 

-Warm up. Always take time to warm up. Research studies show that cold muscles are
more prone to injury. Warm up with jumping jacks, or running or walking in place for 3 to
5 minutes.
-Cool down and stretch. Stretching at the end of exercise is too often neglected
because of busy schedules. Stretching can help reduce muscle soreness and keep
muscles long and flexible. Be sure to stretch after each training practice to reduce your
risk for injury.
-Hydrate. Even mild levels of dehydration can hurt athletic performance. If you have not
had enough fluids, your body will not be able to effectively cool itself through sweat and
evaporation.
-Headgear is essential when sparring.
-Cups and protective waist belts add protection to the groin area.
-Use a mouthguard to protect your teeth, mouth, and tongue.
-If you wear glasses, use safety glasses or glass guards to protect your eyes.
-Wrap your hands with the appropriately sized wraps and with proper technique.
Properly wrapped hands will feel secure.
-Proper footwear is important. On matted floors, avoid socks or footwear that may cause
you to slip. In many cases, going barefoot provides the most stability. Talk to your coach
or supervisor about what type of footwear would be best for your activity and skill level.

4. Stick exercise
-Sinawali
This is one of the most famous exercises where the attacker uses double sticks in a
weaving motion that resembles the woven coconut leaves. The exercise is usually seen
in double stick demonstration.
-Redonda
Redonda is the Spanish word for round and as the name suggests, this strike moves in
a circle until it gets back to its point of origin.
This strike allows for fast attacks but needs a lot of practice.
-Puno
This is a rather difficult strike that is delivered by the butt of the weapon.
The strike can cause a lot of damage especially when it is delivered to a nerve point or
a soft spot on the opponent’s body.
But if you are skilled enough, this strike can break your opponent’s bones easily.

5.Facilities and equipment

-The game is played by using prescribed padded stick in delivering artistic and legal
blows, strikes, thrusts, and disarming the opponent to gain scores.

COMPETITION AREA
Shall refer to the area by which the conduct of the competition shall be set or held
including the free zone around it.

Dimensions
The playing area is a square measuring 8.0 meters by 8.0 meters with a two (2) meters
minimum free zone around it, and a clear space without any obstruction up to a height
of not less than 5 meters from the playing surface.

Lines of the Playing Area

All lines of the playing surface are 5.08 cm. (2 inches) and must be of different color
from that of the floor and other lines previously drawn for other purposes.

Boundary Lines
Four lines mark the boundary of the playing area. The free zone distance measuring 2.0
meters are drawn outside of the playing area.
Match Lines
Two lines of 1.0 meter long and 2.0 meters apart mark the horizontal match line. The
horizontal match lines are drawn 3 meters from the boundary lines that run
perpendicularly to the official's table, and 3.5 meters from the boundary line that run
parallel to the official's table.

Weapon
The padded stick shall be the official weapon of the player. The specifications of which
shall be in accordance with the i-ARNIS standard. No other similar material will be
allowed to be used in any local, national or international competitions.

Each padded stick shall be properly foam-cushioned and shall have a maximum grip
diameter of not more than 3.81 cm. (1 1/2 inch) and length of 76.20 cm (30 inches for
men and women). The length of padded stick shall be 27 inches for boys and girls. Both
padded sticks shall be color-coded, one red and the other blue.

Head Protector
Refers to a pair of protective head gear to include an impact-worthy face mask, the
specifications of which shall be in accordance with the i-ARNIS standard. Both
headgears must be color-coded, one red and the other blue, to match the padded stick
of the player.

Body Protector
Refers to a pair of protective body protector, properly cushioned, the specifications of
which shall be in accordance with the I-ARNIS standard.
Male and female player must both wear body protector and groin protector. Body
protectors and groin protectors’ specifications shall be in accordance with the i-ARNIS
standard. Both body protectors and groin protectors shall be color coded to match the
color of the player.
Forearm and shin guards are compulsory. The specifications shall be in accordance
with I-ARNIS standard. Both shin & forearms guards must be color coded to match the
color of the player.

Scoreboards
A pair of scoreboards, either manually or electronically operated, the specifications of
which shall be in accordance with the i-ARNIS standards.
Two score boards per contest area shall be placed at diagonally opposite corners
outside the playing area, inside the competition area within the free zone, right where
the judges are positioned.

Flags
Two sets of red and blue flags, the size of which is 30 cm by 25 cm, are used by the
judges in declaring decisions or asking for consultations.
One yellow flag, size 30 cm by 25 cm. for timer's use to signal the start and the end of
each round and to declare a time-out and resumption of the game.

Other Equipment
Stopwatch is use to keep the two-minutes per round. This excludes interruptions such
as injury, changing of broken padded stick. A gong and mallet or other similar audible
substitutes such as whistle, bell or buzzer shall be provided for the Timer to indicate the
start and end of the round.
A table shall be provided for the Timer and Recorder which shall be situated one (1)
meter in front of the playing area so that time signals are audible enough to both players
and referee.
Reference
Definition of individual sports, From the website of
https://www.definitions.net/definition/individual+sport

Definition of team sports, From the website of

https://www.definitions.net/definition/TEAM+SPORT

Wood, R. J. (April, 2015). Arnis the sport. Topendsports.com. Retrieved 5 February

2021 from https://www.topendsports.com/testing/
Carrol, R. (2017, April 25) Arnis: The Philippines' National Sport and Martial Art. Culture
Trip. Retrieved 5 February 2021 from
https://theculturetrip.com/asia/philippines/articles/arnis-the-philippines-national-sport-
and-martial-art/

What are the Benefits of Arnis from https://simonotoole.com/site/page.php?id=fc3376-

what-are-the-benefits-of-arnis?

Martial arts injury from the website of https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/staying-

healthy/martial-arts-injury-prevention/

Sterling, R. (2019, September 4) Arnis Techniques- Weapons & exercise. Martial Arts
Skills. Retrieved 5 February 2021 from https://martialartskills.com/arnis-techniques/

Facilities and Equipment of Arnis from the website of

https://sports.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_facilities_and_equipment_of_arnis
Individual competes directly and indirectly
Directly- Boxing or karate
Indirect- like gymnastic or diving

Team sports which have a minimum number of players is required for the competition
two win the game

Arnis-
Striking-pairing- trusting