NAMA :OSWAL JOAN PINATIK

NIM :19024081
KELAS :2 INFORMATIC ENGINERING 3

SUMMARY – THE PARTS OF COMPUTER

1. Input Devices
a. Keyboard
The keyboard is used to give input, such as numbers, letters, and symbols, to the
computer by pressing the buttons that are laid out like in typewriter keyboards. There
are also additional keys that are mapped to special functions.

b. Mouse
The mouse, technically known as a pointing device, is used to control the
position of the cursor on the screen and to initiate actions to be carried by the
computer. To control the mouse, the user must drag it along a flat surface or a mat. A
modern mouse uses an optical sensor, which does not utilize a mouse ball, or a wireless
infrared connection.

2. Processing Devices
a. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The Central Processing Unit (CPU), or more commonly referred to as just
processor, is the ‘brain’ of a computer.In a modern computer, the CPU is a single
microchip. The speed at which the processor runs determines how fast the computer
will perform in executing tasks such as running a particular application. This is referred
to as clock speed, which is measured in Hertz. The higher the clock speed is, the better
or faster the computer will perform. For example, a CPU with a clock speed of
2.2GigaHertz (equal to 2200MegaHertz) will outperform a CPU with a lower clock speed,
such as 400MHz or 1GHz.

c. RAM and ROM

The RAM (Random Access Memory) or memory consists of a number of
microchips that function as temporary storage to be used for running applications. Once
the computer is shutdown, the memory is completely erased. The size of the memory is
measured in bytes. A byte can hold one character, which could be a symbol, a letter, or a
digit. For convenience, we use kilobytes or KB (1000 bytes), megabytes or MB
(1,000,000), and gigabytes or GB (1,000,000,000 bytes).For basic computing tasks,
500MB of RAM is somewhat sufficient, but for more demanding tasks, 1GB or higher is
recommended.

The ROM (Read-Only Memory) serves as the computer’s permanent storage,

where the user keeps important data that will be used frequently.

The clock speed of the CPU and the size of the RAM cangive us an idea of how
well the computer will perform.

The CPU, RAM, and ROM are located in the motherboard.

 d. Graphics Card
The graphics card determines the resolution or detail of objects that appear on
the computer screen (text, image, icon, etc.). Most modern graphics card comes with an
application where you can set the resolution you want for your displaymonitor. The
resolution options can be like these:

 640x480
 800x600
 1024x768
 1280x1024

The lower the numbers, the lower the resolution. Lower resolutions make the
objects on the screen look bigger while higher resolutions make them look clearer and
balanced.

3. Output Devices
a. The Monitor or display screen
This device lets you see the graphical output of the computer.

e. Printer
Printers can produce output in any language and produce graphics in full colour.
The most common type is inkjet. There are also laser printers that outputs more pages
at a time and are more suited for large documents in black and white.

Printers need cartridges that contain the ink to be used for printing. Some
printers can act as scanner and photocopier too.

f. Loudspeakers/Headphones
Loudspeakers and headphones are used for listening audio from the computer.
The sound level can be controlled from the computer, but some speakers have a
dedicated volume knob for adjusting volume without the computer. Headphones can be
integrated with a microphone.

g. Microphone
Microphones are used for capturing audio. Microphones can be connected to
the computer via USB or 3.5mm jack port.Dynamic microphones are sufficient for
regular recording but condenser microphones provide better quality. Dynamic
microphones will work with most soundcard while condenser microphones need
soundcard that provide power to the microphone.

The level of the input signal can be managed in the computer.

h. Webcam
A webcam is a camera connected to a computer that enables it to transmit
images and videos to the internet. Many laptops come with an integrated webcam.
Webcams are essential for videoconferencing.