Hayashi, Brian Masaru. Democratizing the Enemy: The Japanese American Internment.

Princeton
University Press, 2010.

Herzog, Ben. “Revocation of Citizenship in the United States.” European Journal of

Sociology/Archives Européennes de Sociologie/Europäisches Archiv Für Soziologie, 2011, 77–
109.

Kerber, Linda K. No Constitutional Right to Be Ladies: Women and the Obligations of Citizenship.
Macmillan, 1998.
———. “The Stateless as the Citizen’s Other: A View from the United States.” The American
Historical Review 112, no. 1 (2007): 1–34.
———. “Toward a History of Statelessness in America.” American Quarterly 57, no. 3 (2005): 727–
49.

Lee, Fred I. “The Japanese Internment and the Racial State of Exception.” Theory & Event 10, no. 1
(2007). https://doi.org/10.1353/tae.2007.0043.

Ngai, Mae M. “Birthright Citizenship and the Alien Citizen.” Fordham L. Rev. 75 (2006): 2521.

———. Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America-Updated Edition.
Vol. 105. Princeton University Press, 2014.

Rana, Aziz. The Two Faces of American Freedom. Harvard University Press, 2011.

Smith, Rogers M. Civic Ideals: Conflicting Visions of Citizenship in US History. Yale University
Press, 1997.

Valdez, Inés. “Socialism and Empire: Labor Mobility, Racial Capitalism, and the Political
Theory of Migration.” Political Theory, 2020.

In this article, Valdez provides an “imperial genealogy” of racial capitalism that suggests that left-
oriented socialist labor movements relied on racial exclusion and imperial discourses of racial
inferiority to protect the white-working classes. Valdez suggests that this line of inquiry
innovates by suggesting that far-left non-liberal political movements were also implicated in the
perpetuation of global imperialism and racialized capitalism. This essay is useful for my project
because it is an example of how political theorists can incorporate archival methods in their
analysis. I was specifically drawn to Valdez’s claim that “[her] article shows that a rich historical
contextualization can illuminate previously unremarked dimensions of important political
concepts” (2). Valdez’s method is also noteworthy for its tracking of “elite discourses” in the
archive that are not confined to legal or state-based sources. For example, her analysis also draws
on the publication of textbooks and works by labor-party leaders. This article also contributes to
the overall claim of the dissertation project and this chapter that despite the emphasis on freedom
of movement in liberal democratic states, not all mobilities were judged equally, with some
subjects’ mobility or migration deemed more threatening to racial and economic status quo than
other subjects’ movements. Valdez also introduces the concept of “racialized people making,” to
describe the discursive effects of the white working classes’ definition of the “people” and
 “popular sovereignty” as excluding foreign and non-white others. This analysis of the delimiting
effects of racialized discourses found in the archives is a model for the type of claim I hope to
make based on my reading of archival sources.

Valdez, Inés, Mat Coleman, and Amna Akbar. “Missing in Action: Practice, Paralegality, and the
Nature of Immigration Enforcement.” Citizenship Studies 21, no. 5 (2017): 547–69.

Volpp, Leti. “Citizenship Undone.” Fordham L. Rev. 75 (2006): 2579.

———. “Divesting Citizenship: On Asian American History and the Loss of Citizenship through
Marriage.” UCLA L. Rev. 53 (2005): 405.
———. “Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and Alien Citizens.” Michigan Law Review 103, no. 6
(2005): 1595–1630.