ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE &
Are computers smart enough to replace
NEURALpeople? NETWORKS
 INTRODUCTION TO AI
Artificial intelligence (AI)
Computers with the ability to duplicate the
functions of the human brain
Artificially intelligent systems
The people, procedures, hardware, software,
data, and knowledge needed to develop
computer systems and machines that
demonstrate the characteristics of intelligence
 HISTORY OF COMPUTERS

The history of computer development is

often referred to in reference to the different
generations of computing devices.

Does anyone know the

different generations?
 First Generation: 1940 to
1956

During this generation, computers

were built with vacuum tubes.

These electronic tubes were about

the size of a light bulb.

The first computers were often

enormous, taking up entire rooms.
 Second Generation: 1956
to 1963
This generation begins
with Transistors
replacing vacuum
tubes

Allowed computers to
become smaller, faster,
cheaper, more energy-
efficient and more
reliable
 Third Generation: 1964 to
1971
The development of
the integrated circuit
was the hallmark of
the third generation
of computers

Transistors were
minimized and
placed on silicon
chips, which
 Fourth Generation: 1971 to
Present
The microprocessor brought the
fourth generation
thousands of integrated circuits
were built onto a single silicon chip

Equivalent of the first

generation (entire room) could
now fit in the palm of the hand
 Fifth Generation: Present &
beyond
Fifth generation computing
devices, based on
artificial intelligence, are still
in development, though there
are some applications, such
as voice recognition, that are
being used today

The goal of fifth-generation

computing is to develop
devices that respond to
natural language input and
are capable of learning and
self-organization
 Brain and Machine
The Brain
– Pattern Recognition
– Association
– Complexity
– Noise Tolerance

The Machine
– Calculation
– Precision
– Logic
 Assessment of Current AI

1. Current AI  Advanced Computing

(rather than “Intelligence“)

2. If an AI technique sounds too good

to be true, you are right most of the
time.
 What is artificial
intelligence?
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the
intelligence of machines and the
branch of computer science which
aims to create it.
Intelligence exhibited by an artificial
(non-natural, man-made) entity; the
study and design of intelligent agents,
where an intelligent agent is a system
that perceives its environment and
takes actions which maximize its
 Artificial
intelligence
 Major Branches of AI(1)

Perceptive system or Artificially intelligent

system
A system that approximates the way a
human sees, hears, and feels objects
Vision system
Capture, store, and manipulate visual
images and pictures
Robotics
Mechanical and computer devices that
perform tedious tasks with high
 Major Branches of AI(2)
Learning system
● Computer changes how it functions or reacts
to situations based on feedback
Natural language processing
● Computers understand and react to
statements and commands made in a
“natural” language, such as English
Neural network
● Computer system that can act like or
simulate the functioning of the human brain
 Benefits of Artificial
Intelligence
Artificial intelligence has been
used in a wide range of fields
including medical diagnosis,
stock trading, robot control,
scientific discovery and toys.
Artificial intelligence is widely
used in the field of gaming
e.g. the game of chess.
 What is Neural Network?

computer architecture in which

processors are connected in a manner
suggestive of connections between
neurons;
can learn by trial and error any
network of neurons or nuclei that
function together to perform some
function in the body

NEURAL NETWORK ARTIFICIAL NEURAL

 Layers of Neural Networks
Each ANN is composed of a collection
of perceptions grouped in layers.
the three layers: Click to edit Master text styles
input, Second level
intermediate ● Third level

● Fourth level
(called the ● Fifth level
hidden layer)
and output.
Several hidden
layers can be
placed between
the input and
 Types of Layers
• The input layer
– Introduces input values into the network
– No activation function or other processing

• The hidden layer(s)

– Perform classification of features
– Two hidden layers are sufficient to solve any problem
– Features imply more layers may be better

• The output layer.

– Functionally just like the hidden layers
– Outputs are passed on to the world outside the neural network.
Benefits of Neural Networks

Pattern recognition, learning,

classification, generalization and
abstraction, and interpretation of
incomplete and noisy inputs

Provide some human problem-solving

characteristics

Robust
 ADVANTAGES…

A neural network can perform tasks

that a linear program can not.
When an element of the neural
network fails, it can continue without
any problem by their parallel nature.
A neural network learns and does not
need to be reprogrammed.
It can be implemented in any
application.
 DISADVANTAGES…

THIS CAUSES THE LOSS OF HUMAN

CONTROL OVER THOSE "DEEMED
MACHINES".
THEY MAY DOMINATE US IN THE NEAR
FUTURE.
SOMETIMES IT MAY CAUSE THE
DESTRUCTION OF THE "ENTIRE
BEAUTIFUL HUMAN RACE"
 APPLICATIONS OF AI & NN

Artificial Intelligence in the form of

expert systems and neural networks
have applications in every field of
human endeavor.
Artificial intelligence has been used in
a wide range of fields including
medical diagnosis, stock trading,
robot control, scientific discovery and
toys.
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
● Third level

● Fourth level

● Fifth level
 PRESENTED
BY……
G. GANESH ANAND, T. DHEERAJ GOUD,
08D31A0418, ECE Department, 08D31A0416, ECE Department,
Indur Institute of Technology, Indur Institute of Technology,
Siddipet. Siddipet.

ganesh_anand2001@yahoo.com dheeru.taduri678@gmail.com
Queries?..