2016 Chemistry H1 JC2 Anglo Chinese Junior College

ANGLO-CHINESE JUNIOR COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
Preliminary Examination
CHEMISTRY 8872/01
Higher 1
Paper 1 Multiple Choice

29 August 2016
50 minutes
Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet
Data Booklet
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write in soft pencil.

Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluids.
Write your name, index number and tutorial class on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided unless
this has been done for you.
There are thirty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four
possible answers A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer
Sheet.
Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.
Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
Any rough working should be done in this booklet.
The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.
This document consists of 14 printed pages.

8872/01/ Prelim/16 ANGLO-CHINESE JUNIOR COLLEGE
© ACJC 2016 Department of Chemistry [Turn over
2
Section A
For each question there are four possible answers, A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you
consider to be correct.
1 Which statement about one mole of a metal is always true?
A It contains the same number of atoms as one mole of hydrogen atoms.

B 1
It contains the same number of particles as mole of 12C.
12
C It has the same mass as one mole of hydrogen atoms.

D It is liberated by one mole of electrons.
2 The discharge of the nickel-cadmium rechargeable battery is based upon the following
overall reaction.
Cd + 2NiOOH + 4H 2 O Cd(OH) 2 + 2Ni(OH) 2 .H 2 O
What is the oxidation number of nickel at the beginning and at the end of the reaction?
beginning end
A +1.5 +2
B +2 +3
C +3 +2
D +3 +4
3 Elements J and Q have the following successive ionisation energies in kJ mol –1
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th

J 587 1817 2745 11577 14842 18379 23326
Q 870 1790 2698 3610 5668 6820 13200
What is the likely formula of the compound that is formed when J reacts with
Q?
A JQ 3 B J2Q3 C J3Q2 D J2Q
© ACJC 2016 8872/01/Prelim/2016 [Turn over

3
4 The unsaturated diketone as shown below is excreted by the bombardier beetle.
CH3
O O
What are the numbers of sp, sp2 and sp3 hybridised carbon atoms in the product
formed when this diketone is reacted with HCN in the presence of a trace amount of
KCN?
sp sp2 sp3
A 0 6 3
B 1 5 3
C 2 4 3
D 3 2 4
5 Which of the following statements about the properties associated with ionic and
covalent bonds is correct?
A Some covalent compounds can serve as an electrolyte in water.

B Ionic bonds and covalent bonds cannot occur in the same compound.
C Ionic compounds and metals can conduct electricity in both the solid and liquid
states.
D Any covalent compounds that have both hydrogen and oxygen atoms in its
molecule can definitely form intermolecular hydrogen bond with itself.
6 In which of the following pairs does the first species have a larger bond angle than the
second?
A CH 4 , CH 3 +
B NCl 3 , BH 3
C XeF 4 , SF 6
D H 2 O, H 2 S

4
7 Which is the most likely structure of a molecule of dinitrogen pentoxide, N 2 O 5 showing

its bond angles?
O
120o
O N N O
A o
90
O O
O O
B O N N 120o
.
109 5o
O O
O O
.
C 120o 104 5o
N N
O O O
O
90o
O N O N O
D 107o
180o O
8 Which of the following solids consists of particles held together only by van der Waals’
forces?
A NaCl
B H2O
C Cu
D Ar

5
9 In which one of the following pairs does the first molecule have a larger dipole than the
second?
CH3 Cl
A
O C O C
and
CH3
Cl
Cl CH3 Cl Cl
C C C C
B and
CH3 Cl CH3 CH3
C HCl and HF
D SO 3 and SO 2
10 The radioactive decay of element M is a first-order process.
It takes 32 seconds for 4 g of element M to decay 2 g.
How long will it take 0.25 g of M to decay to 0.0625 g?
A 32 seconds C 128 seconds

B 64 seconds D 160 seconds
11 This question concerns the magnitude of lattice energies of the following four ionic
compounds.
CaBr 2 LiCl MgCl 2 NaBr
Which sequence gives the lattice energies in order of increasing magnitude?
A CaBr 2 LiCl MgCl 2 NaBr

B LiCl NaBr MgCl 2 CaBr 2
C MgCl 2 CaBr 2 NaBr LiCl
D NaBr LiCl CaBr 2 MgCl 2

6
12 H 3 PO 4 is a triprotic acid which has three acid dissociation constants. The table below
shows the first, second and third acid dissociation constants, K a , respectively.
dissociation equilibrium in aqueous solution K a /mol dm–3

first H 3 PO 4 (aq) + H 2 O(l) H 3 O+(aq) + H 2 PO 4 –(aq) 7.5 x 10–3
second H 2 PO 4 –(aq) + H 2 O(l) H 3 O+(aq) + HPO 4 2–(aq) 6.2 x 10–8
third HPO 4 2–(aq) + H 2 O(l) H 3 O+(aq) + PO 4 3–(aq) 2.2 x 10–13
Which of the following ranks the conjugate bases in order of increasing basicity?
lowest highest
A PO43– HPO42– H2PO4–
B H2PO4– HPO42– PO43–
C HPO42– PO43– H2PO4–
D HPO42– H2PO4– PO43–
13 Which of the following compounds is not a product of the reaction between an oxide of a
Period 3 element and water?
A NaOH C Al(OH) 3
B H 3 PO 4 D H 2 SO 3
14 Which of the following statements concerning the third period elements (sodium to sulfur)
and their compounds is incorrect?
A The elements become more electronegative from sodium to chlorine.

B Aluminium oxide is the only oxide which is amphoteric.
C pH of the chlorides increases.
D Phosphorus is the only element that burns in air to form a solid white oxide, which
reacts vigorously with water to form an acidic solution.

7
15 Across a period, the elements show an increase in their maximum oxidation number in
their oxides.
Which of the following explains this?
A an increase in the number of electrons in the outer shell

B an increase in the electronegativity of the element
C an increase in the ease of losing an electron
D an increase in the size of an atom
16 The following graph shows the first ionisation energies of eight consecutive elements J
to R, which have atomic numbers between 3 to 20 in the Periodic Table.
M
1st Ionisation Energy/ kJ mol-1
J
K
P R
Q
N
Atomic Number
Which of the following statements about the elements is false?
A Oxides of Q react with dilute H 2 SO 4 (aq).

B Chlorides of M are good conductor of electricity.
C The ionic radius of J is larger than the ionic radius of K.
D N forms a chloride which reacts with water to give a neutral solution.
17 Which one of the following organic compounds does not exist?
A An ester which is a structural isomer of a carboxylic acid, C 3 H 6 O 2 .

B A carboxylic acid which is a structural isomer of an ester, C 2 H 4 O 2 .
C An aldehyde which is a structural isomer of a ketone, C 3 H 6 O.
D A ketone which is a structural isomer of an aldehyde, C 2 H 4 O.

8
18 How many dichlorinated structural isomers can be formed by the chlorination of butane in
the presence of light?
A 4 C 6
B 5 D 7
19 Which of the following is the major product formed when

CH 3 CH=C(NO 2 )CH 2 CH=C(CH 3 ) 2 reacts with HBr?
CH3 NO2 H H CH3
H C C C C C CH3
A
H Br H Br H
CH3 NO2 H H CH3
H C C C C C CH3
B
Br H H H Br
CH3 NO2 H H CH3
H C C C C C CH3
C
H Br H H Br
CH3 NO2 H H CH3
H C C C C C CH3
D
Br H H Br H
20 Which property does benzene have as a consequence of the delocalisation of electrons in

the benzene molecule?
A Benzene is a good conductor of electricity.

B The carbon-carbon bond lengths are between those of C−C bonds and C=C bonds.
C Addition reactions of benzene take place more easily than substitution.
D Substitution in benzene takes place at one particular carbon atom.

9
21 Why does the reaction CH 3 CH 2 X + OH− CH 3 CH 2 OH + X− take place more

rapidly in aqueous solution when X is Br than when X is Cl?
A The Br− is a stronger nucleophile than Cl−.

B The Br− is less hydrated in solution than Cl−.
C The C-Cl bond is more polar than C-Br bond.
D The C-Br bond is weaker than the C-Cl bond.
22 The following shows the structure of the sugar, sucrose.
OH
HO OH
H O
O
H
OH H HO H
HO O H
H OH H OH
How many moles of hydrogen gas will be produced when 1 mol of sucrose reacts with
sodium metal?
A 4 C 10
B 8 D 14

10
23 Which pure compound would give the following observations for the three tests listed
below?
reagents and conditions observations

Na metal effervescence observed
Fehling’s reagent, warm no precipitate observed
Tollens’ reagent, warm silver mirror observed
CH2OH CHO
A C
CHO CH2CH3
COOH COCH3
B D
CH2CHO CH2OH
24 Which of the following synthetic routes does not produce ethanoic acid?
aqueous alkaline iodine H+

A CH3CH(OH)CH3
heat r.t.p.
excess conc H2SO4 acidified K2Cr2O7

B CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3
180 oC heat
alcoholic KCN dilute HCl

C CH3Br
heat under reflux heat
[Ag(NH3)2]+ H+
D CH3CHO
heat r.t.p.

11
25 Citronellol is a colourless oily liquid with a rose-like odour. It is used in perfumes and
insect repellents, and as a mite attractant. Citronellol is a good mosquito repellent at short
distances, but protection greatly lessens when the subject is slightly further from the
source.
HO
citronellol
Compound X and Y react to form citronellol. Which of the following could X and Y be?
X Y
LiAlH 4
A
O
aqueous
Cl NaOH
B
KOH in
ethanol
C Cl
conc H 2 SO 4
D HO
at 170oC
OH

12
Section B
For each of the questions in this section, one or more of the three numbered statements 1
to 3 may be correct.
Decide whether each of the statements is or is not correct (you may find it helpful to put a
tick against the statements that you consider to be correct).
The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of
A B C D
1, 2 and 3 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 only
are only are only are is
correct correct correct correct
No other combination of statements is used as a correct response.
26 The following reaction between carbon monoxide and steam occurs in the
presence of a suitable catalyst.
CO(g) + H 2 O(g) CO 2 (g) + H 2 (g) ΔH = –40 kJ mol–1
A higher equilibrium yield of hydrogen would be expected by using
1 a lower temperature
2 a higher pressure
3 a more finely powdered catalyst
27 Water can undergo auto-ionisation as follows.
H2O H+ + OH–
K w at 25 °C K w at 60 °C
1.00 x 10–14 9.5 x 10–14
Which of the following statements about this reaction is true?
1 The auto-ionisation of water is endothermic.

2 The pOH of water is 7.49 at 60 °C.
3 Water is acidic at 60 °C.

13
A B C D
1, 2 and 3 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 only
28 Which of the following reactions have a positive enthalpy change of reaction?
1 H 2 (g) + ½ O 2 (g) H 2 O(g)

2 Br 2 (g) 2Br(g)
3 Na(g) Na+(g) + e
29 In a chemical reaction, X reacts with Y to form Z. The initial rates of the reaction
are shown for the following experiments:
experiment [X]/ mol dm–3 [Y]/ mol dm–3 initial rate/ mol dm–3
1 0.150 0.250 2.80 x 10–5

2 0.150 0.500 5.60 x 10–5
3 0.075 0.500 2.80 x 10–5
4 0.075 0.250 1.40 x 10–5
The energy profile diagram for the reaction is as shown:

Energy
Progress of reaction
Which of the following are possible overall equations based on the above
energy profile diagram?
1 2X + Y Z
2 X+ 2Y Z
3 X+Y Z

14
A B C D
1, 2 and 3 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 only
30 Which of the following can be used to distinguish between the two compounds?
O
O
CH
C
CH3
1 I 2 (aq) in sodium hydroxide

2 hot acidified potassium manganate(VII)
3 dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid
2016 H1 Prelim Paper Answers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A C B C A D C D A B
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
D B C C A B D C C B
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
D A A B A D D C B D

15

Index No. Name Form Tutorial Subject
Class Class Tutor

CHEMISTRY 8872/02
Higher 1
Paper 2 16 August 2016
2 hours
Candidates answer Section A on the Question Paper
Additional Materials: Writing Paper

Data Booklet
Write your name, index number, form class, tutorial class and subject tutor’s name on all the work you
hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
Section A
Answer all the questions.
Section B
Answer two questions on separate answer paper.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
For Examiner's Use

Question no. Marks
Section A
B4
B5
B6
TOTAL

8872/02/Prelim/16 ANGLO-CHINESE JUNIOR COLLEGE
2
Section A
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided.
1 The element chromium was discovered in 1797 by French chemist Louis Nicolas
Vauquelin. A number of naturally occurring isotopes of chromium have been identified as
listed below.
isotope relative isotopic mass natural abundance (%)

50Cr 49.95 4.34
52Cr 51.94 83.79
53Cr 52.94 9.50
54Cr 53.94 2.37
(a) Use the above data to calculate the relative atomic mass of chromium to two
decimal places.
[2]
Chromium is a transition metal.
(b) (i) Describe the bonding in the element chromium. Draw a diagram to illustrate
your answer.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

3
(ii) State two physical properties that you would expect chromium metal to
possess. Explain, in terms of the bonding present, why it possesses these
properties.
property ………………………………………………….………
explanation .……………………………………………………………………….....
……………………………………………………………………………..................
…………………………………………………………………………………...….....
property ………………………………………………….………
explanation .……………………………………………………………………….....
……………………………………………………………………………..................
…………………………………………………………………………………...…...[3]
(iii) Chromium metal is produced by reducing chromium(III) oxide with aluminium

or silicon.
State the full electronic configuration of a chromium atom, Cr and a chromium

ion, Cr3+.
Cr …………………………………………………………….…………………………
Cr3+ …………………………………………………..……….…………………………
[2]
(c) A student put 5 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid in a boiling tube. He added 5 drops of
potassium dichromate(VI) solution and then 2 drops of ethanol. He heated the
mixture until it just boiled.
(i) What colour change would the student see as he carried out this reaction?
from …………………... to ………………………….. [1]
(ii) Name the organic product formed and the type of reaction that has occurred.
product ……………………………………………………………………………….
type of reaction ……………….……………………………………........................

[2]

4
(d) The students then carried out another reaction of ethanol using the apparatus
shown in the diagram below. The broken porcelain used contains Al 2 O 3 .
(i) What is the name of the gas collected in the gas jar?
…………………………………………………………..………………………… [1]
(ii) What type of reaction has the ethanol undergone?
………………………………………………………………………………………[1]
(e) What reagent and conditions are necessary to convert propanone into propan-2-ol?
…………………………………………………………………………………………......[1]
[Total: 14]
2 Tin forms an oxide, A, that contains the metal in both oxidation states II and IV. The
formula of A can be found by the following method.
• A sample of A was dissolved in H 2 SO 4 (aq), producing solution B, which was a mixture of

tin(II) sulfate and tin(IV) sulfate.
First titration
• A 25.0 cm3 sample of solution B was titrated with 0.0200 mol dm–3 KMnO 4 . 13.50 cm3 of
KMnO 4 was required to reach the end-point.
Second titration
• Another 25.0 cm3 sample of solution B was stirred with an excess of powdered zinc. This
converted all the tin(IV) into tin(II). The excess of zinc powder was filtered off and the
filtrate was also titrated with 0.0200 mol dm-3 KMnO 4 , as before. This time 20.30 cm3 of
KMnO 4 was required to reach the end-point.
The equation for the reaction occurring during the titration is as follows.
2MnO 4 – + 16H+ + 5Sn2+ 2Mn2+ + 8H 2 O + 5Sn4+

5
(a) (i) Write a balanced ionic equation with state symbols for the reaction between
Zn and Sn4+.
………………………………………………………………………………………[1]
(ii) Use the results of the two titrations to calculate
• the number of moles of Sn2+ in the first titration sample,
• the number of moles of Sn2+ in the second titration sample.
[3]
(iii) Use the results of your calculation in (ii) to deduce the Sn2+/ Sn4+ ratio in the
oxide A, and hence suggest the formula of A.
[2]
6
(b) A major use of tin is to make ‘tin plate’, which is composed of thin sheets of mild steel
electroplated with tin, for use in the manufacture of food and drinks cans. A tin
coating of 1.0 x 10–5 m thickness is often used.
(i) Calculate the volume of tin needed to coat a sheet of steel 1.0 m x 1.0 m to this
thickness, on one side only.
[1]
(ii) Calculate the number of moles of tin that this volume represents.
[The density of tin is 7.3 g cm–3.]
[2]
[Total: 9]
3 (a) (i) Define the term standard enthalpy change of formation.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………….[1]

7
(ii) Carbon, hydrogen and ethene each burn exothermically in an excess of air.
C(s) + O 2 (g) CO 2 (g) ∆Hθc = –393.7 kJ mol–1

H 2 (g) + ½O 2 (g) H 2 O(l) ∆Hθc = –285.9 kJ mol–1
C 2 H 4 (g) + 3O 2 (g) 2CO 2 (g) + 2H 2 O(l) ∆Hθc = –1411.0 kJ mol–
1
Write an equation for the standard enthalpy change of formation, ∆Ηθ f , of

ethene.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
Hence use the data to calculate the standard enthalpy change of formation,
∆Ηθ f , in kJ mol–1, of ethene at 298 K.
∆Ηθ f = ………………kJ mol–1

[3]
(b) Shikimic acid and cuminaldehyde are naturally occurring compounds found in the
spice plant star anise and the spice cumin respectively.
COOH CH(CH3)2
OH
HO
OH CHO
shikimic acid cuminaldehyde
(i) Explain why it is suggested that shikimic acid is more soluble in water than
cuminaldehyde.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………….[2]

8
(ii) Explain why shikimic acid is more acidic than alcohol.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………[2]

9
(c) For each of the following reagents, draw the structural formula of the product
obtained for each of the two compounds. If no reaction occurs write no reaction in
the box.
reagent product with shikimic acid product with cuminaldehyde
NaBH 4 (methanol)
NaOH(aq)
Br 2 (aq)
H 2 SO 4 (aq),
K 2 Cr 2 O 7 (aq),
heat under reflux
[6]
10
(d) Choose one of the above four reagents that could be used to distinguish between
shikimic acid and cuminaldehyde. Describe the observations you would make with
each compound. Write equation(s) for any reaction(s) that occurs.
reagent …………………………………………………………………………………………
observations …………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
equation
………………………………………………………………………………….……..…… [3]
[Total : 17]

11
Section B
Answer two questions from this section on separate answer paper.
4 (a) Define what is meant by a Bronsted base. [1]
(b) Carbon dioxide, CO 2, from burning of fossil fuels, is changing the fundamental
chemistry of our oceans. When carbon dioxide reacts with water, it forms carbonic
acid, H 2 CO 3 . H 2 CO 3 subsequently dissociates into bicarbonate ions, HCO 3 −, and
hydrogen ions, H+, into the sea, lowering pH and causing “acidification” of the ocean.
A solution of 0.100 mol dm−3 H 2 CO 3 has a pH of 3.68.
Due to the increasing levels of atmospheric CO 2 , the oceans have become

approximately 30% more acidic (in terms of concentration of H+ ions) over the last 150
years as the pH of seawater decreases from approximately 8.25 to 8.14.
Chemical species like HCO 3 − and CO 3 2− are the essential components of the
carbonate buffer system which regulates the pH of seawater. The equilibrium reaction
for CO 2 chemistry in seawater that most cogently captures its behaviour is shown
below.
CO 2 + CO 3 2− + H 2 O 2HCO 3 −
The natural pH of the ocean is determined by a need to balance the deposition and
burial of CaCO 3 on the sea floor against the influx of Ca2+ and CO 3 2−
into the ocean from weathering of limestone rocks and other minerals on land. Coral
reefs are built from limestone, CaCO 3 , by the reaction shown below.
Ca2+ + CO 3 2− CaCO 3
When CO 2 increases too rapidly, the natural equilibrium of calcium carbonate is upset.
This alters the balance of the buffers and gradually allows the oceans to become more
acidic.
(i) Explain, with the aid of appropriate calculations, whether carbonic acid, H 2 CO 3 ,
is a strong or weak acid. You may assume that carbonic acid, H 2 CO 3, to be
monoprotic in your calculations. [2]
(ii) Calculate the percentage increase in the concentration of H+ ions in the last 150
years. [2]
(iii) With the aid of two balanced equations, show how the carbonate buffer system
regulates the pH of the seawater. [2]
(iv) Other than increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide gas, suggest another
environmental phenomenon that can contribute to ocean acidification. [1]

12
(c) In an experiment, 20 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm−3 sodium hydrogen carbonate, is added to
10 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm−3 aqueous hydrochloric acid.
(i) Deduce with appropriate working, which is the limiting reagent. [1]
(ii) If the temperature fell by 3.7oC, calculate the enthalpy change of the above
reaction. [1]
(iii) A student was told that the concentration of hydrochloric acid might not be
exactly 1.00 mol dm-3. He decided to carry out titration against a standard
solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate to determine the concentration of
hydrochloric acid. Suggest an indicator he could use. [1]
(iv) Another student repeated the experiment with 40 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm−3 sodium
hydrogen carbonate added to 10 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm−3 aqueous hydrochloric
acid, all other experimental conditions are kept constant.
Suggest whether the temperature fall will be above or below 3.7 oC and hence
suggest the enthalpy change of the reaction. [2]
(d) Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.
Part of the Periodic Table is shown below.
Group I II III IV V VI VII VIII

Li Be B C N O F Ne
Period 3 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
From the elements shown in the table, identify the one which exhibits each of the
following property.
(i) It has the highest first ionisation energy.
(ii) It has the largest ionic radius.
(iii) It has an electronegativity similar to that of aluminium.
(iv) It has a hydride that forms the strongest intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
(v) It has a trifluoride with molecules which has trigonal planar shape.
(vi) It has a chloride that neither reacts with nor dissolves in water.
(vii) It has an oxide with a giant structure and a chloride which is readily hydrolysed
in water.
(viii) It has an oxide that produces a strong acid when treated with water.
(ix) Write equations for the reactions for both (vii) and (viii).
[7]

13
[Total: 20]
5 (a) Propanone reacts with iodine in the presence of acid according to the equation:
CH 3 COCH 3 + I 2 CH 3 COCH 2 I + HI
A student, Mark, wanted to study the kinetics of the above reaction.
He prepared a mixture containing:
• 5 cm3 of propanone of concentration 1.0 mol dm−3,

• 10 cm3 of sulfuric acid of concentration 1.0 mol dm−3 ,
• 10 cm3 of a solution of iodine of concentration 1.0 x 10−3 mol dm−3,
• 75 cm3 of distilled water.
At every five minutes interval, 10.0 cm3 samples were removed and 10 cm3 of
aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate was added, followed by a titration against a
solution of sodium thiosulfate(VI).
The experiment was repeated using 20 cm3 of sulfuric acid in the reaction mixture,
with 65 cm3 of water to keep total volume constant.
The following results were obtained.
Time/min 5 10 15 20 25
Titre/cm3 for 10cm3 acid 18.50 17.00 15.50 14.00 12.50
(experiment 1)
for 20 cm3 acid 17.00 14.00 11.00 8.00 5.00
(experiment 2)
(i) State the roles of iodine and sulfuric acid in this reaction. [2]
(ii) Explain why sodium hydrogencarbonate was added prior to the titration. [1]
(iii) Mark went to plot the graph of titre volume against time for both experiment 1
and 2 on the same graph. He obtained a straight line with a negative gradient
for both graphs. He also found that the gradient for the experiment 1 was half of
that for the experiment 2.
(I) Using the above information, deduce the order of reaction with respect to
iodine and sulfuric acid respectively.
(II) What does the magnitude of gradient represent?
(III) If the experiment was repeated at a higher temperature, how would you
expect the magnitude of the gradient to change? [4]
(iv) Write a balanced equation for the titration reaction. [1]

14
(v) Mark found that volume of thiosulfate required was 20.00 cm3 as he
extrapolated the graph to the y-axis at t = 0 min in a 10.0 cm3 reaction mixture.
Calculate the concentration of the sodium thiosulfate(VI) solution used in the
titration. [2]
(vi) Sketch a concentration-time graph for sulfuric acid in this reaction. [1]
(vii) With the aid of a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve, explain how the rate of
reaction will be affected if the reaction was carried out at a higher temperature.
[4]
(b) Draw a dot-and-cross diagram for propanone. Hence, determine the bond angles in
C-C-O and also the H-C-C. [2]
(c) Describe the bonding of sp3 carbon in terms of orbital overlap in propanone. Illustrate
your answer with a clearly labelled diagram. [3]
[Total: 20]

15
6 (a) Nitrogen makes up about 79% of the Earth’s atmosphere. As a constituent element of
proteins, it is present in living organisms. Oxygen is by far more reactive than nitrogen
gas. State one reason why the molecule of nitrogen, N 2 is unreactive. [1]
(b) Lithium reacts readily with nitrogen, and because of this Li 3 N has been considered as
a possible intermediate in the fixing of nitrogen to make ammonia-based fertilisers.
+ Li +H O
2
N2(g) Li3N NH3 + A
(i) Construct an equation for the reaction between Li 3 N and H 2 O and hence identify
compound A. [2]
(ii) Ammonia is produced in the Haber process. The volume of the reaction vessel is
2 dm3.
N 2 (g) + 3H 2 (g) 2NH 3 (g)
1 mol of nitrogen and 2 mol of hydrogen are placed in a reaction vessel of 2 dm3.
After equilibrium is reached, the amount of nitrogen remaining is 0.4 mol.
Write an expression for the equilibrium constant, K c and calculate the value of K c
for this equilibrium stating its units. [3]
(iii) Using your knowledge of the Haber process, state one advantage and one
disadvantage of using lithium as a means of fixing nitrogen, rather than the
Haber process. [2]
(iv) State one large-scale use for ammonia, other than in the production of fertilisers.
[1]
(v) Like water, liquid ammonia can also undergo self-ionisation. Write an equation to
represent the self-ionisation of liquid ammonia and draw the dot-and-cross
diagrams to show the bonding in the species formed. [3]
(c) Boron nitride is a heat resistant refractory compound which is made up of boron and
nitrogen atoms. It has the chemical formula BN. The hexagonal form corresponds to
graphite and is the more stable compound among the BN polymorphs.
(i) Explain the high melting point of boron nitride in terms of its structure and
bonding. [2]
(ii) Suggest a possible industrial use of hexagonal boron nitride. [1]

16
(d) A sequence of reactions, starting from methyl 2-phenylacetate, is shown below.
H O H
C C O C H
H H
methyl 2-phenylacetate
dilute H2SO4
heat
A B
+
+ NaHCO II
I 3
C HCHO
III +HCN
(i) Draw the structures of compounds A, B, C and D. [4]
(ii) The aldehyde CH 3 CHO can be converted into ethanoic acid. How may this
conversion be achieved in a college laboratory? [1]
[Total: 20]

Index No. Name Form Tutorial Subject
Class Class Tutor

CHEMISTRY 8872/02
Higher 1
Paper 2 16 August 2016
2 hours
Candidates answer Section A on the Question Paper
Additional Materials: Writing Paper

Data Booklet
Write your name, index number, form class, tutorial class and subject tutor’s name on all the work you
hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
Section A
Answer all the questions.
Section B
Answer two questions on separate answer paper.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
For Examiner's Use

Question no. Marks
Section A
B4
B5
B6
TOTAL

8872/02/Prelim/16 ANGLO-CHINESE JUNIOR COLLEGE
2
Section A
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided.
1 The element chromium was discovered in 1797 by French chemist Louis Nicolas
Vauquelin. A number of naturally occurring isotopes of chromium have been identified as
listed below.
isotope relative isotopic mass natural abundance (%)
50Cr 49.95 4.34
52Cr 51.94 83.79
53Cr 52.94 9.50
54Cr 53.94 2.37
(a) Use the above data to calculate the relative atomic mass of chromium to two
decimal places.
[(49.95)( 4.34 ) + (51.94 )( 83.79) + (52.94 )( 9.50 ) + (53.94 )( 2.37 )] / 100

= 52.00
[2]
Chromium is a transition metal.
(b) (i) Describe the bonding in the element chromium. Draw a diagram to illustrate
your answer.
[1]
metallic bonding in chromium the electrostatic attraction between (positive)

chromium ions and delocalised (or a sea of) electrons.
(ii) State two physical properties that you would expect chromium metal to
possess. Explain, in terms of the bonding present, why it possesses these
properties.
[3]
property Good electrical conductivity
explanation delocalised sea of electrons are mobile electrons that can act
as charge carriers
property high melting/boiling point
explanation strong electrostatic force of attraction between positive metal

ions and sea of delocalised electrons requiring a large amount of energy to
break.

3
(iii) Chromium metal is produced by reducing chromium(III) oxide with aluminium

or silicon.
State the full electronic configuration of a chromium atom, Cr and a

chromium ion, Cr3+
[2]
Cr 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1
Cr3+ 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d3

[6]
(c) A student put 5 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid in a boiling tube. He added 5 drops of
potassium dichromate (VI) solution and then 2 drops of ethanol. He heated the
mixture until it just boiled.
(i) What colour change would the student see as he carried out this reaction ?
from orange to green
(ii) Name the organic product formed and the type of reaction that has occurred.
product ethanal / ethanoic acid
type of reaction oxidation
(d) The students then carried out another reaction of ethanol using the apparatus
shown in the diagram below. The broken porcelain used contains Al 2 O 3 .
(i) What is the name of the gas collected in the as jar? ethene
(ii) What type of reaction has the ethanol undergone ? elimination
(e) What reagent and conditions are necessary to convert propanone into propan-2-ol?
LiAlH 4 in dry ether, reflux / H 2 , Pt / NaBH 4 in water or methanol
[Total: 14]

4
2 Tin forms an oxide, A, that contains the metal in both oxidation states II and IV. The
formula of A can be found by the following method.
• A sample of A was dissolved in H 2 SO 4 (aq), producing solution B, which was a mixture
of tin(II) sulfate and tin(IV) sulfate.
First titration
• A 25.0 cm3 sample of solution B was titrated with 0.0200 mol dm–3 KmnO 4 .
13.50 cm3 of KmnO 4 was required to reach the end-point.
Second titration
• Another 25.0 cm3 sample of solution B was stirred with an excess of powdered zinc.
This converted all the tin (IV) into tin(II). The excess of zinc powder was filtered off and the
filtrate was also titrated with 0.0200 mol dm-3 KmnO 4 , as before.
This time 20.30 cm3 of KmnO 4 was required to reach the end-point.
The equation for the reaction occurring during the titration is as follows.
2MnO 4 – + 16H+ + 5Sn2+ 2Mn2+ + 8H 2 O + 5Sn4+
(a) (i) Write a balanced ionic equation with state symbols for the reaction between
Zn and Sn4+.
Zn(s) + Sn4+(aq) Zn2+(aq) +Sn2+(aq)
(ii) Use the results of the two titrations to calculate

• the number of moles of Sn2+ in the first titration sample,
=13.5/1000 x 0.0200 x 5/2 = 6.75 x 10-4 mol
• the number of moles of Sn2+ in the second titration sample.

= 20.3/1000 x 0.0200 x 5/2 = 1.02 x 10-3 mol
(iii) Use the results of your calculation in (ii) to deduce the Sn2+/ Sn4+ ratio in the
oxide A, and hence suggest the formula of A.
[2]
4+
number of moles of Sn =1.015 x 10 - 6.75 x 10 = 3.40 x 10
-3 -4 -4
Sn2+/ Sn4+ ratio = 6.75 / 3.40 = 1.99 / 1 = 2 : 1
2 SnO + SnO 2 Sn 3 O 4
(b) A major use of tin is to make ‘tin plate’, which is composed of thin sheets of mild
steel electroplated with tin, for use in the manufacture of food and drinks cans. A tin
coating of 1.0 x 10–5 m thickness is often used.
(i) Calculate the volume of tin needed to coat a sheet of steel 1.0 m x 1.0 m to
this thickness, on one side only.
Volume = 1 x 1 x 1.0 x 10–5 = 1.0 x 10–5 m3 or 10 cm3

5
(ii) Calculate the number of moles of tin that this volume represents.
[The density of tin is 7.3 g cm–3.]
Mass = vol x density = 10 x 7.3 = 73 g
Number of moles of tin = 73/119 = 0.613 mol
[Total: 9]
3 (a) (i) Define the term standard enthalpy change of formation.
Standard enthalpy change of formation is the heat change when one mole of
substance is formed from its constituent elements in their standard states at
298 K and 1 atm.
(ii) Carbon, hydrogen and ethene each burn exothermically in an excess of air.
C(s) + O 2 (g) CO 2 (g) ∆H θc = –393.7 kJ mol–1

H 2 (g) + ½O 2 (g) H 2 O(l) ∆H θc = –285.9 kJ mol–1
C 2 H 4 (g) + 3O 2 (g) 2CO 2 (g) + 2H 2 O(l) ∆H θc = –1411.0 kJ
mol–1
Write an equation for the standard enthalpy change of formation, ∆Ηθ f , of

ethene.
2C(s) + 2H 2 (g) C 2 H 4 (g)
Hence, use the data to calculate the standard enthalpy change of formation,
∆Ηθ f , in kJ mol–1, of ethene at 298 K.
∆Ηθ f = 2(–393.7) + 2(–285.9) – (–1411)

= + 51.8 kJ mol–1
∆Ηθ f = ………………kJ mol–1

[4]
(b) Shikimic acid and cuminaldehyde are naturally occurring compounds found in the
spice plant star anise and the spice cumin respectively.
COOH CH(CH3)2
HO OH
OH CHO
shikimic acid cuminaldehyde

6
(i) Explain why it is suggested that shikimic acid is more soluble in water than
cuminaldehyde
Shikimic acid forms more extensive hydrogen bond with water molecules due
to OH groups and COOH group
(ii) Explain why shikimic acid is more acidic than alcohol.
The conjugate base carboxylate anion is more stable than OH- ion due to the
resonance effect by C=O
or
Due to electron withdrawing effect of C=O in COOH group on shikimic acid,
the O-H in COOG group in shikimic acid is more polarised , hence it releases
H+ more readily than water
[4]
(c) For each of the following reagents, draw the structural formula of the product
obtained for each of the two compounds. If no reaction occurs write no reaction in
the box.
reagent product with shikimic acid product with

cuminaldehyde
CH(CH3)2
No reaction
NaBH 4 (methanol)
CH2OH
+
COO Na No reaction
NaOH(aq)
HO OH
OH

7
COOH No reaction
HO
Br
Br 2 (aq)
HO OH
OH
Accept swop of positions of
OH and Br
But do not accept Br and Br
as it is a minor product.
CH(CH3)2
COOH
H 2 SO 4 (aq),
K 2 Cr 2 O 7 (aq), heat
under reflux
O
O
COOH
O
[6]
(d) Choose one of the above four reagents that could be used to distinguish between
shikimic acid and cuminaldehyde. Describe the observations you would make with
each compound. Write equation(s) for any reaction(s) that occurs.
reagent Br 2 (aq)
observation with cuminaldehyde....reddish brown Br 2 remained ......
observation with shikimic acid.........decolourises reddish-brown Br 2 ..
Equation:
COOH COOH
HO
Br
+ Br + H O + HBr
2 2
OH
HO HO OH
OH OH
[3]
[Total : 17]
8
Section B
Answer two questions from this section on separate answer paper
4 (a) Define what is meant by a Bronsted base. [1]

A Bronsted base is a substance that is able to accept a H+ ion from an acid (i.e. proton
acceptor)
Or it is a proton, H+ acceptor.
(b) Carbon dioxide, CO 2, from burning of fossil fuels, is changing the fundamental chemistry
of our oceans. When carbon dioxide reacts with water, it forms carbonic acid, H 2 CO 3 .
H 2 CO 3 subsequently dissociates into bicarbonate ions, HCO 3 −, and hydrogen ions, H+,
into the sea, lowering pH and causing “acidification” of the ocean.
A solution of 0.100 mol dm−3 H 2 CO 3 has a pH of 3.68.

Due to the increasing levels of atmospheric CO 2 , the oceans have become
approximately 30% more acidic (in terms of concentration of H+ ions) over the last 150
years as the pH of seawater decreases from approximately 8.25 to 8.14.
Chemical species like HCO 3 − and CO 3 2− are the essential components of the carbonate
buffer system which regulates the pH of seawater. The equilibrium reaction for CO 2
chemistry in seawater that most cogently captures its behaviour is shown below.
CO 2 + CO 3 2− + H 2 O 2 HCO 3 −
The natural pH of the ocean is determined by a need to balance the deposition and
burial of CaCO 3 on the sea floor against the influx of Ca2+ and CO 3 2−
into the ocean from weathering of limestone rocks and other minerals on land. Coral
reefs are built from limestone, CaCO 3 , by the reaction shown below.
Ca2+ + CO 3 2− CaCO 3
When CO 2 increases too rapidly, the natural equilibrium of calcium carbonate is upset.
This alters the balance of the buffers and gradually allows the oceans to become more
acidic.
(i) Explain, with the aid of appropriate calculations, whether carbonic acid, H 2 CO 3 , is
a strong or weak acid. You may assume that carbonic acid, H 2 CO 3, to be
monoprotic in your calculations.
[2]
[H+(aq)] from 0.100 mol dm−3 H 2 CO 3 = 10–3.68 = 2.09 × 10–4 mol dm-3
Since the concentration of H+(aq) is less than the concentration of H 2 CO 3 , H 2 CO 3

undergoes partial dissociation.
Hence, H 2 CO 3 is a weak acid.
(ii) Calculate the percentage increase in the concentration of H+ ions in the last 150
years. [2]
Increase in [H+(aq)] = 10–8.14 − 10–8.25

= (7.24 × 10–9) − (5.62 × 10–9) mol dm-3
= 1.62 × 10–9 mol dm-3
1.62 × 10 −9
Percentage increase in [H+(aq)] = × 100% = 28.8%
5.62 × 10 −9

9
(iii) With the aid of two balanced equations, show how the carbonate buffer system
regulates the pH of the seawater. [2]
Upon addition of small amount of H+,

H+ + CO 3 2− → HCO 3 −
Upon addition of small amount of OH−,

OH− + HCO 3 − → H 2 O + CO 3 2−
(iv) Other than increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide gas, suggest another
environmental phenomenon that can contribute to ocean acidification.
[1]
Acid rain arising from dissolved oxides of nitrogen and SO 2 in the atmosphere.
(c) In an experiment, 20 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm−3 sodium hydrogen carbonate, is added to 10
cm3 of 1.00 mol dm−3 aqueous hydrochloric acid.
(i) Deduce, with appropriate working, which is the limiting reagent.

NaHCO 3 + HCl  NaCl + H 2 O + CO 2
no. of moles of NaHCO 3 = 0.020 mol
no. of moles of HCl = 0.010 mol
since NaHCO 3 : HCl = 1 : 1, HCl is the limiting reagent
(ii) If the temperature fell by 3.7oC, calculate the enthalpy change of the reaction.
[1]
q = mc∆T
q = (30)(4.18)(3.7) = 463.98 J
∆H =+463.98/0.01 = +46398 = +46.4 kJ mol-1
(iii) A student was told that the concentration of hydrochloric acid might not be exactly
1.00 mol dm-3. He decided to carry out titration against a standard solution of
sodium hydrogen carbonate to determine the concentration of hydrochloric acid.
Suggest an indicator he could use. [1]
methyl orange
(iv) Another student repeated the experiment with 40 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm−3 sodium
hydrogen carbonate added to 10 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm−3 aqueous hydrochloric acid,
all other experimental conditions are kept constant.
Suggest whether the temperature fall will be above or below 3.7 oC and hence
suggest the enthalpy change of the reaction.
[2]
Temperature will below 3.7 oC and the enthalpy change of the reaction remains
the same.
(d) Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.

Part of the Periodic Table is shown below.
Group I II III IV V VI VII VIII
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Period 3
From the elements shown in the table, identify the one which exhibits each of the
10
following property. Copy the table to write your answers for (i) to (viii). [7]
(i) Ne (ii) P (iii) Be (iv) F

(v) B (vi) C (vii) Al/Si (viii) P/S
(i) It has the highest first ionisation energy.
(ii) It has the largest ionic radius.
(iii) It has an electronegativity similar to that of aluminium.
(iv) It has a hydride that forms the strongest intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
(v) It has a trifluoride with molecules which has trigonal planar shape.
(vi) It has a chloride that neither reacts with nor dissolves in water.
(vii) It has an oxide with a giant structure and a chloride which is readily hydrolysed
in water.
(viii) It has an oxide that produces a strong acid when treated with water.
(ix) Write equations for the reactions for either (vii) and (viii).
AlCl 3 + 6H 2 O  [Al(H 2 O) 6 ]3+ + 3Cl-
[Al(H 2 O) 6 ]3+ + H 2 O [Al(H 2 O) 5 OH]2+ + H 3 O+
SiCl 4 (l) + 4H 2 O(l) → Si(OH) 4 (s) + 4HCl(l)
Either one
P 4 O 10 (s) + 6H 2 O(l) → 4H 3 PO 4 (aq)
SO 2 (g) + H 2 O(l) → H 2 SO 3 (aq)
SO 3 (g) + H 2 O(l) → H 2 SO 4 (aq)
[Total: 20 ]

11
5 (a) Propanone reacts with iodine in the presence of acid according to the equation
CH 3 COCH 3 + I 2 → CH 3 COCH 2 I + HI
A student, Mark, wanted to study the kinetics of the above reaction.
He prepared a mixture containing:
• 5 cm3 of propanone of concentration 1.0 mol dm−3,

• 10 cm3 of sulfuric acid of concentration 1.0 mol dm−3 ,
• 10 cm3 of a solution of iodine of concentration 1.0 x 10−3 mol dm−3
• 75 cm3 of distilled water.
At every five minutes interval, 10.0 cm3 samples were removed and 10 cm3 of aqueous
sodium hydrogencarbonate was added, followed by a titration against a solution of
sodium thiosulfate(VI).
The experiment was repeated using 20 cm3 of sulfuric acid in the reaction mixture, with
65 cm3 of water to keep total volume constant.
The following results were obtained.

Time/min 5 10 15 20 25
Titre/cm3 for 10 cm3acid 18.50 17.00 15.50 14.00 12.50
(experiment 1)
for 20 cm3 acid 17.00 14.00 11.00 8.00 5.00
(experiment 2)
(i) State the roles of iodine and sulfuric acid in this reaction.
[2]
Iodine – oxidising agent
H 2 SO 4 – catalyst
(ii) Explain why sodium hydrogencarbonate was added prior to the titration.
[1]
NaHCO 3 added prior to the titration to quench reaction by reacting with the
catalyst, H 2 SO 4 so that concentration of iodine present at different time intervals
can then be found.
(iii) Mark went to plot the graph of titre volume against time for both experiment 1
and 2 on the same graph. He obtained a straight line with a negative gradient
for both graph. He also found that the gradient for the experiment 1 was half of
the experiment 2.
(I) Using the above information, deduce the order of reaction with respect to
iodine and sulfuric acid respectively.
(II) What does the magnitude of gradient represent?
(III) If the experiment was repeated at a higher temperature, how would you
expect the magnitude of the gradient to change?
12
[4]
(I) Zero order wrt iodine
First order wrt sulfuric acid
(with reasoning)
(II) Rate
(III) Magnitude of gradient will increase
(iv) Write a balanced equation for the titration reaction.

[1]
2− −
I 2 + 2S 2 O 3 → 2I + S 4 O 6 2−
(v) Mark found that volume of thiosulfate required was 20.00 cm3 as he extrapolate
the graph to y-axis at t = 0 min in a 10.0 cm3 reaction mixture. Calculate the
concentration of the sodium thiosulfate(VI) solution used in the titration.
[2]
Volume of thiosulfate required = 20.0 cm3
No. of moles of I 2 reacted = 0.01 x 1.0 x 10−3 = 1.0 x 10−5 mol
No. of moles of thiosulfate required = 1.0 x 10−5 x 2 = 2.0 x 10−5 mol
Concentration of thiosulfate used = 1.00 x 10−3 mol dm−3

(vi) Sketch a concentration-time graph for sulfuric acid in this reaction.
[1]
[must show constant half-life]
(vii) With the aid of a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve, explain how the rate of

13
reaction will be affected if the reaction was carried out at a higher temperature.
[4]
[1] for two asymmetric curves starting from origin, correctly labelled with
temperature
[1] for labelled axes with single E a marked out. (2 E a lose this mark)
At higher temperatures, the kinetic energy of molecules increases. The number

of reactant particles with energy ≥ Ea will increase and the frequency of effective
collisions increase. Hence the rate of reaction will increase.
(b) Draw a dot-and-cross diagram for propanone.

[2]
H O H
x
x
x
x
Hx C Cx C H
x
x
x
H H
Hence, determine the bond angles in C-C-O and also the H-C-C. 120o, 109.5o
(c) Describe the bonding of sp3 carbon in terms of orbital overlap in propanone. Illustrate
14
your answer with a clearly labelled diagram.

[3]
The sp3 hybridised orbital of the carbon overlap head-on with the s orbital of each
of the three hydrogen atoms to form sigma bond.
The sp3 hybridised orbital of the carbon overlap head-on with the sp2 hybridised
orbital of the carbon to form a sigma bond too.
[Total:20]
6 (a) Nitrogen makes up about 79% of the Earth’s atmosphere. As a constituent element of
proteins, it is present in living organisms. Oxygen is by far more reactive than nitrogen
gas. State one reason why the molecule of nitrogen, N 2 is unreactive. [1]
The N≡N bond is very strong or the N 2 molecule has no polarity.
(b) Lithium reacts readily with nitrogen, and because of this Li 3 N has been considered as a
possible intermediate in the fixing of nitrogen to make ammonia-based fertilisers.
+ Li +H O
2
N2(g) Li3N NH3 + A
(i) Construct an equation for the reaction between Li 3 N and H 2 O and hence identify
compound A. [2]
Li 3 N + 3H 2 O  NH 3 + 3LiOH
Compound A is LiOH.
(ii) Ammonia is produced in the Haber process. The volume of the reaction vessel is
2 dm3.
N 2 (g) + 3H 2 (g) 2NH 3 (g)
1 mol of nitrogen and 2 mol of hydrogen are placed in a reaction vessel of 2 dm3.
After equilibrium is reached, the amount of nitrogen remaining is 0.4 mol.
Write an expression for the equilibrium constant, K c and calculate the value of K c
for this equilibrium stating its units. [3]

15
[NH 3 ]2
Kc =
[ N 2 ][H 2 ]3
N 2 (g) + 3H 2 (g) 2NH 3 (g)
Initial amt / mol 1 2 0

Change in amt / mol -0.6 -1.8 +1.2
Equilibrium amt/ mol 0.4 0.2 1.2
Equilibrium
Concentration/ mol 0.2 0.1 0.6
dm-3
[NH 3 ]2 0.6 2
Kc = = = 1800 mol-2 dm6
[ N 2 ][H 2 ]3 0.2 × 0.13
(ii) Using your knowledge of the Haber process, state one advantage and one
disadvantage of using lithium as a means of fixing nitrogen, rather than the Haber
process. [2]
Advantage: No need for high temperature and pressure or catalyst to be used.
Disadvantage: Li is expensive OR Li would need to be removed OR LiOH is

strongly basic/ corrosive.
(iii) State one large-scale use for ammonia, other than in the production of fertilisers.
[1]
It is used as a refrigerant or explosives or nylon or manufacture of nitric acid.
(iv) Like water, liquid ammonia can also undergo self-ionisation. Write an equation to
represent the self-ionisation of liquid ammonia and draw the dot-and-cross
diagrams to show the bonding in the species formed. [3]
2NH 3 NH 4 + + NH 2 ‒ [1]
+
H
x
x x N
H N H H
x
x
H H

16
(c) Boron nitride is a heat resistant refractory compound which is made up of boron and
nitrogen atoms. It has the chemical formula BN. The hexagonal form corresponds to
graphite and is the more stable compound among the BN polymorphs.
(i) Explain the high melting point of boron nitride in terms of its structure and
bonding. [2]
Boron nitride has giant covalent structure with strong covalent bonds between
atoms. Large amount of energy is needed to break the strong covalent bonds .
(ii) Suggest a possible industrial use of hexagonal boron nitride. [1]
Lubricant
(d) A sequence of reactions, starting from methyl 2-phenylacetate, is shown below.

H O H
C C O C H
H H
methyl 2-phenylacetate
dilute H2SO4
heat
A B
+
+ NaHCO II
I 3
C HCHO
III +HCN
D
(i) Draw the structures of compounds A, B, C and D. [4]

17
O H
H
A: C C O H B: H O C H
H H
H O CN
C: - +
C C O Na D: H O C H
H H
(ii) The aldehyde CH 3 CHO can be converted into ethanoic acid. How may this
conversion be achieved in a college laboratory? [1]
KMnO 4 , dilute H 2 SO 4 ,
Heat in a water bath
[Total: 20 ]

2016 Chemistry H1 JC2 Anglo Chinese Junior College

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Paper 1 Multiple Choice

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write in soft pencil.

Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.

This document consists of 14 printed pages.

1 Which statement about one mole of a metal is always true?

A It contains the same number of atoms as one mole of hydrogen atoms.

C It has the same mass as one mole of hydrogen atoms.

Cd + 2NiOOH + 4H 2 O Cd(OH) 2 + 2Ni(OH) 2 .H 2 O

3 Elements J and Q have the following successive ionisation energies in kJ mol –1

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th

A JQ 3 B J2Q3 C J3Q2 D J2Q

© ACJC 2016 8872/01/Prelim/2016 [Turn over

4 The unsaturated diketone as shown below is excreted by the bombardier beetle.

A Some covalent compounds can serve as an electrolyte in water.

© ACJC 2016 8872/01/Prelim/2016 [Turn over

7 Which is the most likely structure of a molecule of dinitrogen pentoxide, N 2 O 5 showing

© ACJC 2016 8872/01/Prelim/2016 [Turn over

10 The radioactive decay of element M is a first-order process.

It takes 32 seconds for 4 g of element M to decay 2 g.

How long will it take 0.25 g of M to decay to 0.0625 g?

A 32 seconds C 128 seconds

CaBr 2 LiCl MgCl 2 NaBr

Which sequence gives the lattice energies in order of increasing magnitude?

A CaBr 2 LiCl MgCl 2 NaBr

© ACJC 2016 8872/01/Prelim/2016 [Turn over

dissociation equilibrium in aqueous solution K a /mol dm–3

A The elements become more electronegative from sodium to chlorine.

© ACJC 2016 8872/01/Prelim/2016 [Turn over

Which of the following explains this?

A an increase in the number of electrons in the outer shell

Which of the following statements about the elements is false?

A Oxides of Q react with dilute H 2 SO 4 (aq).

17 Which one of the following organic compounds does not exist?

A An ester which is a structural isomer of a carboxylic acid, C 3 H 6 O 2 .

© ACJC 2016 8872/01/Prelim/2016 [Turn over

19 Which of the following is the major product formed when

CH3 NO2 H H CH3

CH3 NO2 H H CH3

CH3 NO2 H H CH3

CH3 NO2 H H CH3

20 Which property does benzene have as a consequence of the delocalisation of electrons in

A Benzene is a good conductor of electricity.

© ACJC 2016 8872/01/Prelim/2016 [Turn over

21 Why does the reaction CH 3 CH 2 X + OH− CH 3 CH 2 OH + X− take place more

A The Br− is a stronger nucleophile than Cl−.

22 The following shows the structure of the sugar, sucrose.

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reagents and conditions observations

aqueous alkaline iodine H+

excess conc H2SO4 acidified K2Cr2O7

alcoholic KCN dilute HCl

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© ACJC 2016 8872/01/Prelim/2016 [Turn over

The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of

No other combination of statements is used as a correct response.

CO(g) + H 2 O(g) CO 2 (g) + H 2 (g) ΔH = –40 kJ mol–1

A higher equilibrium yield of hydrogen would be expected by using

27 Water can undergo auto-ionisation as follows.

Which of the following statements about this reaction is true?

1 The auto-ionisation of water is endothermic.

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The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of