2016 Chemistry H1 JC2 Yishun Junior College

CANDIDATE’S NAME: ______________________________ CTG: _________________
YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE

JC2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2016
CHEMISTRY 8872/01
HIGHER 1 25 August 2016
Paper 1: Multiple-Choice Questions 1400hrs – 1450hrs
50 minutes
Additional materials:
Optical Mark Sheet
Data Booklet
YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Section A & B: Multiple Choice Questions
Write in soft pencil.
Do not use paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Write your name and CTG on the Answer Sheet. Shade your NRIC number in the spaces provided
in the Optical Mark Sheet.
There are thirty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question, there are four
possible answers A, B, C, and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer
Sheet.
Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.
Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
Any rough working should be done in this booklet.
This question paper consists of 14 printed pages.

2
Section A
For each question there are four possible answers, A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you consider to be
correct.
1 A pure hydrocarbon is used in bottled gas for cooking and heating.
When 10 cm3 of the hydrocarbon is burned in 70 cm3 of oxygen (an excess), the final gaseous
mixture contains 30 cm3 of carbon dioxide and 20 cm3 of unreacted oxygen. All gaseous volumes
were measured under identical conditions
What is the formula of the hydrocarbon?
A C2H6
B C3H6
C C3H8
D C4H10
2 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.
Lead(IV) chloride will oxidise bromide ions to bromine. The Pb4+ ions are reduced to Pb2+ ions in
this reaction.
If 6.980 g of lead(IV) chloride is added to an excess of sodium bromide solution, what mass of
bromine would be produced?
A 0.799 g B 1.598 g C 3.196 g D 6.392 g
3 Which reaction does an element undergo the largest change in oxidation number?
A Cl2 + 2OH−  OCl− +Cl− +H2O

B 3Cl2 + 6OH−  ClO3− + 5Cl− + 3H2O
C 3MnO42− + 4H+  MnO2 + 2MnO4− + 2H2O
D Cr2O72− + 6Fe2+ + 14H+  2Cr3+ + 6Fe3+ + 7H2O
4 Which compound has the greatest total number of lone pairs of electrons in the valence shells of
all its atoms?
A CH3Cl B CO2 C N2H4 D NH4CN
8872 / YJC / 2016 / Preliminary Examination / Paper 1

3
5 Which option about  bonds and  bonds in hydrocarbons is correct?
 bonds  bonds
A can be formed by p orbitals but can be formed by s orbitals but
not s orbitals not p orbitals
B can be formed by s orbitals but can be formed by p orbitals but

not p orbitals not s orbitals
C can be formed by either s or p can be formed by either s or p

orbitals orbitals
D can be formed by either s or p can be formed by p orbitals but

orbitals not s orbitals
6 Organic nitrates in photochemical smog can cause breathing difficulties.
The diagram shows an example of an organic nitrate molecule.
What is the correct order of the bond angles shown in ascending order (smallest first)?
A 123 B 213 C 312 D 321
7 Which of the following quantities has the same value as the standard enthalpy change of formation
of carbon monoxide?
A ½ ∆Hf (CO2(g))
B ½ ∆Hc(graphite)
C ∆Hc(graphite) − ∆Hc(CO(g))
D ∆Hf(CO2(g)) – ½ ∆Hc(graphite)

4
8 A reaction pathway diagram is shown.
Which enthalpy change could the diagram not always apply to?
A enthalpy change of combustion

B enthalpy change of formation
C enthalpy change of neutralisation
D lattice energy
9 Enthalpy change of combustion can be used to determine enthalpy change of formation. The
following equation represents the enthalpy change of formation of butane.
4C(s) + 5H2(g)  C4H10(g)
By using the following standard enthalpy change of combustion data, what is the value of the
standard enthalpy change of formation of butane?
compound ∆Hc / kJ mol-1

carbon −394
hydrogen −286
butane −2877
A −5883 kJ mol−1 B −129 kJ mol−1 C +129 kJ mol−1 D +5883 kJ mol−1
10 Butanedioate ions can be dehydrogenated to form trans-butenedioate ions. The enzyme

fumarase speeds up this reaction.
How does fumarase speed up this reaction?
A Fumarase is a protein which increases the concentration of reactants.

B Fumarase raises the temperature of the reaction.
C Fumarase is specific for this dehydrogenation reaction.
D Fumarase lowers the activation energy of the dehydrogenation reaction.

5
11 The gas-phase reaction of hydrogen and nitrogen monoxide produces nitrogen and water.
2H2(g) + 2NO(g) → 2H2O(g) + N2(g)
From initial rates experiments, the following rate equation was derived.
Rate = k[H2][NO]2
The results of the initial rates experiments are shown.
[H2] / mol dm−3 [NO] / mol dm−3 initial rate / mol dm−3 min−1
0.5 2.0 6.0
0.5 1.0 h
1.0 1.0 i
1.0 J 0.75
What are the missing values, h, i and j?

h i J
A 1.5 3.0 0.25
B 1.5 3.0 0.50
C 3.0 6.0 0.50
D 3.0 6.0 0.25
12 The table below shows some data on two acid-base indicators.
approximate pH range colour change

indicator
of colour change acid alkali
bromocresol-green 3.8 – 5.5 yellow blue
phenol-red 6.8 – 8.5 yellow red
Which conclusion can be drawn about a solution in which bromocresol-green is blue and phenol-
red is yellow?
A It is weakly acidic.
B It is neutral.
C It is weakly alkaline.
D It is strongly alkaline.

6
13 A solution was made by mixing 0.002 mol of H2SO4(aq) and 0.003 mol KOH(aq). Water was
added until the volume of the solution was 2 dm3.
What is the pH of the solution?
A 3.0 B 3.3 C 10.7 D 11.0
14 Element L does not react with water. Element L burns in air with a pale blue flame to form an
acidic oxide.
What is element L?
A Aluminum
B Magnesium
C Silicon
D Sulfur
15 Why is the ionic radius of a chloride ion larger than the ionic radius of a sodium ion?
A A chloride ion has higher shielding effect than a sodium ion.

B A chloride ion has a higher nuclear charge than a sodium ion.
C Ionic radius increases regularly across the period.
D Sodium is a metal while chlorine is a non-metal.

7
16 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.
Which graph correctly shows the melting points of the elements Mg, Al, Si and P plotted against
their first ionization energies?
17 One of the reactions taking place in a catalytic converter in a car exhaust system is between
nitrogen oxide and octane (unburned petrol). The products of this reaction is non-toxic.
Which is the correct equation for the reaction?
A C8H16 + 16NO  8CO + 8N2 + 8H2O

B C8H16 + 24NO  8CO2 + 12N2 + 8H2O
ଵ
C C8H18 + 17NO  8CO + 8 N2 + 9H2O
ଶ
ଵ
D C8H18 + 25NO  8CO2 + 12 N2 + 9H2O
ଶ

8
18 The first stage of the cumene process for the industrial production of phenol is as follows.
H3C CH3
CH
H2SO4
+ CH3CH=CH2
Which one of the following would be the product of the reaction, under similar conditions, between
benzene and cyclohexene?
A B
CH2(CH2)4CH3
C D
19 A bromoalkane, X, was heated under reflux with alcoholic potassium cyanide solution. The organic
product formed was then heated under reflux with dilute sulfuric acid. From this mixture, 2-
methylpropanoic acid was obtained.
Which of the following compounds could be X?
A 1-bromopropane
B 2-bromopropane
C 1-bromobutane
D 2-bromobutane

9
20 Limonene is an oil formed in the peel of citrus fruits.
Limonene
Which product is formed when bromine in CCl4 reacts with limonene at room temperature in the
dark?
Br
A B
Br
Br
Br CH2Br Br CH2Br
C D
Br
Br
21 Most alcohols can be dehydrated to give alkenes.
Which alcohol can be dehydrated to give three different isomeric alkenes?
A CH3(CH2)3CH2OH
B CH3C(CH3)2CH2OH
C CH3(CH2)2CH(OH)CH3
D CH3CH2CH(OH)CH2CH3
22 How many structural isomers with the molecular formula C4H8O can reduce Tollen’s reagent to
form a silver mirror?
A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4

10
23 The structures of two alarm pheromones for ants are given.
CH3CH2CH2CH=CHCHO and CH3CH2CH(CH3)COCH2CH3
Which characteristic applies to both compounds?
A Both can be obtained by the oxidation of alcohols.

B Both decolourise aqueous bromine.
C Both decolourise dilute alkaline potassium manganate(VII).
D Both give a positive test with Fehling’s reagent.
24 Matricarin occurs in oil of chamomile.
matricarin
Which statement about matricarin is correct?
A It reacts with hot dilute sulfuric acid to form a product with two carboxylic acid groups.
B It reacts with hot acidified potassium manganate(VII) to form a product with three carboxylic
acid groups.
C It reacts with hydrogen bromide gas to form a product with four bromine atoms.
D It reacts with hydrogen cyanide, traces of sodium cyanide to form a product with one nitrogen
atom.

11
25 An ester with an odour of banana has the following formula.
Which pairs of reactants, under suitable conditions, will produce this ester?
CH 3CH 2OCOCH 2CHCH 2CH 3
CH 3
CH 3CH 2OH + CH 3CH 2CHCH 2OH

A
CH 3
CH 3CH 2CO 2H + CH 3CH 2CHCH 2OH
B
CH 3
CH 3CH 2OH + CH 3CH 2CHCH 2CO 2H
C
CH 3
CH 3CH 2CO 2H + CH 3CH 2CHOH
D
CH 3

12
Section B
For each questions in this section, one or more of the three numbered statements 1 to 3 may be correct.
Decide whether each of the statements is or is not correct (you may find it helpful to put a tick against
the statements that you consider to be correct).
The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of:
A B C D
1, 2 and 3 are 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 only is
correct are correct are correct correct
No other combination of statements is used as a correct response.
26 In 2011 an international group of scientists agreed to add two new elements to the Periodic Table.
Both elements had been made artificially and were called ununquadium (Uuq) and ununhexium
(Uuh).
Uuq Uuh
proton number 114 116
nucleon number 289 292
Which statements about these elements are correct?
1 One atom of Uuh has one more neutron than one atom of Uuq.
2 One Uuq2− ion has the same number of electrons as one atom of Uuh.
3 One Uuh+ ion has the same number of electrons as one Uuq− ion.
27 What can be deduced from the following information?
2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2SO3(g) ∆H = −98 kJ mol-1
1 Increasing the pressure increases the equilibrium yield of SO3(g).

2 Increasing the temperature decreases the rate of forward reaction.
3 The maximum mass of SO3(g) that can be made from 64 g of SO2(g) is 160 g.

13
The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of:
A B C D
1, 2 and 3 are 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 only is
correct are correct are correct correct
No other combination of statements is used as a correct response.
28 20.0 cm3 of 0.10 mol dm-3 alkali, X was titrated against 0.10 mol dm-3 acid, Y. The graph below
shows the variation of pH during the titration.
12
pH
7
0 10 volume of acid added/ cm3
What could be the identities of X and Y?
X Y
1 sodium hydroxide sulfuric acid
2 sodium hydroxide hydrochloric acid
3 sodium hydroxide ethane-1,2-dioic acid
29 The following compounds are refluxed with acidified potassium manganate(VII).

Which compounds will form benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid?
CHO
2
CH2CH 3
C(CH3)3
3
CH2OH

14
30 A liquid, L, C7H6Cl2, gives a white precipitate when shaken for some time with aqueous silver
nitrate. Which of the following structures could be L?
Cl CH3
1
Cl
2 Cl CH2Cl
3 CHCl2

Yishun Junior College H1 Chemistry Preliminary Examinations 2016
Paper 1 Solutions
1 Volume of O2 reacted = 50 cm3; volume of CO2 = 30 cm3 C

CxHy + (x+y/4)O2  xCO2 + y/2H2O
10 x = 30 3 + y/4 = 5
x=3 y=8
2 2Br−  Br2 + 2e; Pb4+ + 2e−  Pb2+ C

. .
6.98
0.02
349
0.02 159.8 3.196
3 A Cl2 + 2OH−  OCl− +Cl− +H2O B
Oxidation state of Cl decrease from 0 in Cl2 to -1 in OCl- and Cl-

Change in oxidation state = -1
B 3Cl2 + 6OH−  ClO3− + 5Cl− + 3H2O
Oxidation state of Cl decrease from 0 in Cl2 to -1 in Cl- and increase to +5 in ClO3-
Change in oxidation state = +5
C 3MnO42− + 4H+  MnO2 + 2MnO4− + 2H2O
Oxidation state of Mn decrease from +6 in MnO42- to +4 in MnO2 and increase to
+7 in MnO4-
D Cr2O72− + 6Fe2+ + 14H+  2Cr3+ + 6Fe3+ + 7H2O
Oxidation state of Cr decrease from +6 in Cr2O72- to +3 in Cr3+ while oxidation state
of Fe increase from +2 in Fe2+ to +3 in Fe3+.
4 compound no. of unpaired electrons B

A CH3Cl 3 (around Cl atom)
B O=C=O 4 (2 around each O atom)
C H2N-NH2 2 (1 around each N atom)
D NH4CN 2 (1 each around C and N atoms)
5  bonds are formed from the head-on overlap of 2 s orbitals / 1 s orbital with 1 p orbital / 2 D
p orbitals.  bonds are formed from the sideways overlap of 2 p orbitals.
6 Atom no. of electron pairs bond angle C

C1 4 (bond pairs) 109o
C2 3 (bond pairs) 120o
O3 4 (2 lone pairs & 2 bond pairs) 105o
7 Standard enthalpy change of formation of CO: C(s) + ½ O2(g)  CO (g) C
A ½ C(s) + ½ O2(g)  ½ CO2(g)
B ½ C(s) + ½ O2(g)  ½ CO2(g)
C C(s) + O2(g)  CO2(g)
CO2(g)  CO(g) + ½ O2(g) (inverse of CO(g) + ½ O2(g)  CO2(g))
C(s) + ½ O2(g)  CO (g)
D C(s) + O2(g)  CO2(g)
½ CO2(g)  ½ C(s) + ½ O2(g) (inverse of ½ C(s) + ½ O2(g)  ½ CO2(g))
½ C(s) + ½ O2(g)  ½ CO2(g)
8 B
∆H < 0
⇒ Reaction is exothermic
Enthalpy change of formation can be endothermic or exothermic (i.e. not always

exothermic). Enthalpy change of combustion, enthalpy change of neutralization and lattice
energy are always exothermic.
9 ∆ Σ∆ Σ∆ B
4 394 5 286 2877 129
10 A catalyst provides analternative route with lower activation energy. D
11 Comparing expts 1 & 2, B

6 2
1
1.5
Comparing expts 1 & 3,

0.5 2 6
1 1
3
Comparing expts 1 & 4,

0.5 2 6
1 0.75
0.5
12 When bromocresoll-green is blue, the pH of the soltuion is greater than 5.5. When phenol- A
red is yellow, the pH of the solution is less than 6.8. Hence, the pH range is 5.5 < pH < 6.8.
A pH < 7
B pH = 7
C pH > 7
D pH > 7
13 . 2 0.002 0.004 . 0.003 B

Hence, OH- is limiting and there is an excess of 0.001 mol of H+.
0.001 2 0.0005
lg 0.0005 3.3
14 A Aluminum is readily oxidized by oxygen to form aluminum oxide which prevents further D
attack by oxygen. Aluminum oxide is amphoteric.
B Magnesium oxide burns with a bright white flame to form white solid, MgO which is
basic.
C When heated strongly, silicon forms white solid, SiO2 which is acidic.
D Sulfur burns with a blue flame to form a colourless gas, SO2 which is acidic.
15 Electronic configuration of Cl- (18 e-): 1s22s22p63s23p6 A

A Electronic configuration of Na+ (10 e-): 1s22s22p6
Hence, Cl- has one more occupied shell than Na+ and so is larger.
B True statement but does not explain why Cl- is larger than Na+
C Incorrect statement. Ionic radius decreases across the period for the cations and
anions. Sharp increase in ionic radius when there is a change from cations to anions.
D True statement but does not explain the trend in ionic radius.
16 Trend in melting point: Si > Al > Mg > P C

Trend in IE: Al < Mg < Si < P
17 A Products formed should be non-toxic but toxic CO is formed in this reaction. Also, D
C8H16 is not octane.
B C8H16 is not octane
C Products formed should be non-toxic but toxic CO is formed in this reaction.
D Correct equation.
18 A From the equation given, the C=C bond is used and the product’s side-chain is A
saturated (i.e. all single bonds) and cyclic.
B The side chain is still unsaturated.
C The side chain is still unsaturated.
D The side chain is not cyclic.
19 B
alcoholic KCN
dil. H2SO4
COOH heat reflux
CN Br
2-bromopropane
20 Alkene groups in limonene undergo addition reaction with Br2. D
Br CH2Br
Br2 in CCl4
Br
Br
21 A CH3(CH2)3CH2OH  CH3CH2CH2CH=CH2 (1 alkene formed) C

B CH3C(CH3)2CH2OH  cannot undergo elimination
C CH3(CH2)2CH(OH)CH3
 CH3CH2CH2CH=CH2 + CH3CH2CH=CHCH3 (exists as a pair of cis-trans isomers)
(Hence, 3 alkenes formed)
D CH3CH2CH(OH)CH2CH3  CH3CH2CH=CHCH3 (exists as a pair of cis-trans isomers)
22 Reduce Tollens’ reagent to form a silver mirror  aldehyde group present B

CH3CH2CH2CHO + CH3CH(CH3)CHO
Hence, there are 2 structural isomers.
23 CH3CH2CH2CH=CHCHO contains alkene and aldehyde groups. A

CH3CH2CH(CH3)COCH2CH3 contains a ketone group.
A Aldehyde group is the product from the oxidation of a primary alcohol while ketone
group is the product from the oxidation of a secondary alcohol.
B Only the alkene group can decolourise bromine.
C The ketone group cannot decolourise KMnO4.
D Only the aldehyde group gives a positive test with Fehling’s reagent.
24 D
ester 1
alkene 1
alkene 2
ketone ester 2
A The ester groups undergo hydrolysis with hot dilute sulfuric acid. The structure of
the main product formed is
OH
O
OH
O OH
Hence, the product has only 1 carboxylic acid group. (The other product formed is
ethanoic acid.)
B The alkene groups undergo oxidative cleavage. Alkene 1 forms 1 carboxylic acid group
while alkene 2 does not form any carboxylic acid groups.
The ester groups undergo hydrolysis (due to the hot acidified conditions). (Refer to
option A for the products of hydrolysis of the esters). Ester 1 produces a carboxylic
acid group and an alcohol group. Ester 2 produces an alcohol group and ethanoic
acid. Both alcohols formed from the hydrolysis of the esters are secondary alcohols
so they will be oxidized to ketones.
Hence, the product has 2 carboxylic acid groups (from the oxidative cleavage of alkene
1 and hydrolysis of ester 1).
C HBr is added to the C=C double bonds, i.e.
C=C + HBr  - C – C -
H Br
Hence, only 1 Br atom is added to each C=C double bond. Since there are 2 C=C
double bonds, 2 Br atoms are added.
D Only the ketone group will undergo addition with HCN and NaCN to form a
hydroxynitrile, i.e.
C = O + HCN  - C - OH
CN
Since there is only 1 ketone group, the product will contain only 1 N atom (from the
–CN group).
25 C
CH 3CH 2OCOCH 2CHCH 2CH 3
from alcohol from acid
CH 3
Hence, the alcohol is CH3CH2OH and the carboxylic acid is CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2COOH.
26 Uuq Uuh A
proton number 114 116
nucleon number 289 292
no. of neutrons 175 176
1 Refer to the above table. (No. of neutrons = nucleon no – proton no)

2 No. of electrons in 1 Uuq2− ion = 114 +2 = 116 (same as the no. of electrons in 1 Uuh
atom)
3 No. of electrons in 1 Uuh+ ion = 116 – 1 =115
No. of electrons in 1 Uuq− ion = 114 + 1 = 115
27 1 Position of equilibrium will shift to the right, favouring the forward reaction that D
produces lesser amount of gases so as to reduce the increased pressure. Hence ,
the yield of SO3 increases.
2 Increasing the temperature will increase the rate of the forward and backward
reactions.
3 No. of moles of SO3 = no. of moles of SO2 = 64  64 = 1
Yield of SO3 = 1 x 80 = 80 g
28 no. of moles of X = 20 x 10-3 x 0.10 = 0.002 D

no. of moles of Y = 10 x 10-3 x 0.10 = 0.001
⇒ 1 mole of Y requires 2 moles of X for neutralisation and so, Y is a dibasic acid.
The pH at the equivalence point is 7 which indicates that this is a strong acid and strong
base titration. Hence¸ Y is a strong acid.
1 Sulfuric acid is a strong dibasic acid.
2 Hydrochloric acid is strong monobasic acid.
3 Ethane-1,2-dioic acid is a weak dibasic acid.
29 To form benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, the C atoms bonded to the benzene ring must have B
at least 1 H atom directly bonded to it.
C atom is bonded to 2 H atoms
1
C atom is bonded to 1 H atom
CHO C atom is bonded to 1 H atom
2
C atom is bonded to 2 H atoms
CH 2CH 3
C(CH3)3 C atom is bonded to 0 H atom ⇒ cannot be oxidised
3 C atom is bonded to 2 H atoms

CH2OH
30 1 Both Cl atoms are bonded to the benzene ring and so, are unable to undergo C
substitution to from Cl- ions. Hence, no precipitate is formed.
2 Has 1 Cl atom bonded to the side chain which can undergo substitution to form
Cl- which will form a precipitate with silver nitrate.
3 Has 2 Cl atoms bonded to the side chain which can undergo substitution to form Cl- which will form a
with silver nitrate.
Parent’s Signature:
CANDIDATE’S NAME:______________________________ CTG: _____________
YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE

JC2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2016
CHEMISTRY 8872/02
HIGHER 1
Paper 2: Structured & Free Response Questions 16 August 2015
1400 hrs – 1600 hrs
2 hours
Additional materials:
Writing papers
Data Booklet
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES For Examiner’s Use

Paper 1
Write your name and CTG in the spaces at the top of this page.
Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Total
/30
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Paper 2
Do not use paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Section A
/40
Answer all questions. B5 /20
You are advised to show all working in calculations.

B6 /20
You may use a calculator. B7
/20
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each Total

/80
question or part question.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. Overall
/110
This question paper consists of 13 printed pages.

2
Section A
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
1 Crude oil is a source of many hydrocarbons.
The skeletal formulae of some of these hydrocarbons are shown below.
A B C
D E F
G H I
(a) (i) Construct an equation for the complete combustion of hydrocarbon A.
[1]
(ii) Use the Data Booklet to calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction in (a)(i).
[3]
(b) (i) Give the letters, A to I, of the two hydrocarbons that are geometrical isomers of each
other.
and [1]
(ii) Explain how this geometrical isomerism arises.
[1]

3
(c) Explain why hydrocarbon F has a lower boiling point than hydrocarbon B.
[2]
(d) Hydrocarbon C can be distinguished from the other hydrocarbons with a chemical test. State
the reagents and conditions that would be used and the observations that would be made
in the chemical test.
Reagents and conditions:
Observations:
[2]
(e) Both hydrocarbons H and I react with bromine. State the conditions and type of reaction
with bromine for each hydrocarbon.
H I
conditions
type of reaction
[2]
[Total: 12]

4
2 Hydrogen and iodine react together in a reversible reaction:
H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2HI(g) ∆H = −9 kJ mol-1
4.00 x 10-3 mol H2(g) and 8.00 x 10-3 mol I2(g) are introduced to a vessel with a volume of 2.0 dm3.
The vessel was sealed, heated to a constant temperature and allowed to reach equilibrium.
The equilibrium mixture contains 6.80 x 10-3 mol HI(g).
(a) (i) Write an expression for the equilibrium constant, Kc, for this reaction.
[1]
(ii) Calculate the value of Kc for this equilibrium.
[3]
(b) (i) The mixture was heated to a higher temperature at constant pressure. Explain how
the increase in temperature will affect the value of Kc.
[2]

5
(ii) The pressure of the mixture was increased at constant temperature. Explain how
the increase in pressure will affect the amount of HI at the new equilibrium.
[1]
[Total: 7]
3 In aqueous solution, benzenediazonium chloride, C8H5N2Cl, decomposes above 10 oC.
C6H5N2Cl(aq) + H2O(l) → C6H5OH(aq) + N2(g) + HCl(aq)
The rate of this reaction was investigated using an excess of water at 50 oC. Measurements were
taken at regular intervals during the reaction and then the experimental results were plotted to give
the graph below.
0.2
0.15
[C6H5N2Cl(aq)]
/ mol dm-3
0.1
0.05
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
time/min

6
(a) (i) Deduce, showing your working, the order of reaction with respect to C6H5N2Cl.
[2]
(ii) Hence, write the rate equation for this reaction and give the units for the rate
constant, k.
rate equation:
units for k: [2]
(iii) The order of reaction with respect to H2O is effectively zero. Explain why.
[1]
(b) Sketch a Boltzman distribution curve for the reactants and use it to explain the effect of
increasing the temperature on the rate of reaction.
[3]
[Total:8]

7
4 Cholesterol is found in every cell of the body and has important natural functions. It is manufactured
by the body but can also be taken in from food. It is waxy and fat-like in appearance. Cholesterol
does not mix with the blood, which is water-based. It is therefore carried around the body in the
blood by lipoproteins. It is recommended that the daily intake of cholesterol does not exceed
300 mg.
HO chlolesterol
(a) (i) The molecular formula of cholesterol is C27H45O. Calculate the maximum number of
moles of cholesterol that can be taken daily.
[2]
(ii) Cholesterol reacts with sodium to produce hydrogen gas.

Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas at r.t.p. that can be produced from the amount of
cholesterol from (a)(i).
[2]
(b) Explain why cholesterol does not mix well with blood.
[2]

8
(c) Cholesterol can be converted to chloestan-3-one and then reacted in step III as shown by
the following flow scheme.
HO
HO
II
III
HO
NC O
chlolestan-3-one
(i) Give the reagents and conditions for steps I, II and III.
step I
step II
step III [3]
(ii) Cholestan-3-one reacts with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Draw the structure of the

product of the reaction between cholestan-3-one and 2,4-DNPH.
Use C=O to represent the ketone.
[1]

9
(d) Cholesterol forms an ester with ethanoic acid.
(i) State the conditions and the type of reaction cholesterol undergoes with ethanoic
acid.
conditions:
type of reaction: [2]
(ii) Draw the structure of the ester formed.
[1]
[Total:13]

10
Section B
Answer two questions from this section on separate answer paper.
5 Chlorine is an element in period 3. Chlorine and its compounds have wide uses in chemistry.
(a) Using the chlorides of magnesium, silicon and phosphorus as examples, describe the
reactions of the chloride of elements in the third period of the Periodic Table with water.
Include balanced equations for the reactions involved. [5]
(b) Ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, is a salt which has covalent bonding, dative bonding and ionic
bonding.
(i) What is a dative bond?
(ii) Give the formulae of the ions present in NH4Cl.
(iii) Draw a “dot-and-cross” diagram to show the bonding in NH4Cl. Show the outer
electrons only. [4]
(c) Halogenoalkanes have a variety of commercial uses. For example, PVC is a polymer
commonly used in insulation of electrical wiring. To produce the monomer of PVC, the
following reaction steps are carried out industrially starting with ethene.
(i) State the reagent used in Step 1 and state the type of reaction that has occurred.
(ii) Ethene can also be converted to ethanol, state the reagents and conditions for this
conversion in a laboratory.
(iii) Compound J can also undergo a variety of reactions. It can react with ammonia
under certain conditions. Write an equation for this and state the necessary
conditions.
(iv) Halogenoalkanes can also react to give alcohols. CH3CH2CH2CH2Br and

CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl can both give CH3CH2CH2CH2OH. With reference to the Data
Booklet, suggest the relative rates of each reaction. [8]
(d) Methylbenzene reacts with chlorine to form (chloromethyl)benzene. Give the conditions
used, write the chemical equation including structural formulae and name the type of
reaction that occurs. [3]
[Total: 20]

11
6 Ethanedial, also known as glyoxal, is used in the production of fabrics which have permanent
creases. This yellow coloured liquid is the smallest dialdehyde (two aldehyde groups).
Ethanedial undergoes many of the reactions of aldehydes.
O O
C C
H H ethanedial
When ethanedial is reacted with NaOH and the product treated with dilute sulfuric acid, the
following reaction sequence takes place to produce glycolic acid.
Step I CHOCHO + NaOH  HOCH2CO2Na

ethanedial
Step II HOCH2CO2Na + H+  HOCH2CO2H + Na+

glycolic acid
(a) State the functional groups present in glycolic acid. [1]
(b) Describe two simple test-tube reactions to distinguish ethanedial from glycolic acid. Write
balanced equations for the reactions. [6]
(c) Glycolic acid, CH2(OH)CO2H, is the smallest of α-hydroxy acid (AHA) which is used in
various skin-care products. The acid dissociation constant, Ka, for glycolic acid,
HOCH2CO2H, is 1.48 x 10–4 mol dm-3.
(i) Glycolic acid is a weak Bronsted acid. What do you understand by the term in
italics?
(ii) Write an expression for Ka of glycolic acid.
(iii) A solution of glycolic acid has a concentration of 0.20 mol dm–3. Using the given
concentration and Ka value, calculate the pH of this solution.
(iv) A solution containing glycolic acid and its glycolate salt acts as a buffer solution.
What do you understand by the term buffer solution? Explain, including appropriate
equations, how this buffer solution works. [7]
(d) Under appropriate conditions, glycolic acid is capable of forming a cyclic compound K of
molecular formula C4H4O4. Suggest the structural formula of the product K. [1]
(e) Ethanedial can be synthesised from ethanedioic acid, (COOH)2.
(i) Suggest how the synthesis can be carried out. State the reagents and conditions,
and the structure of any intermediate formed
(ii) Explain, in terms of structure and bonding, the difference in the boiling points of
ethanedioic acid and ethanedial. [5]
[Total: 20]

12
7 Aluminium is the most abundant metal found on the surface of the earth. Most of the aluminium
compounds exhibit low toxicity.
(a) Aluminium foil, often used in food preparation, develops a thin oxide layer over the
aluminium metal to protect it from corrosion.
(i) A student attempted to remove the oxide layer on the aluminium foil.
He placed the aluminium foil strips into a polystyrene cup and added 60 cm3 of 1.2
mol dm-3 sulfuric acid. 3.0 g of the aluminium oxide coating the metal reacted based
on the following reaction.
Al2O3 + 3H2SO4  Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
The maximum temperature change was recorded to be 11.5 oC.

Given that the specific heat capacity of the solution = 4.2 J g–1 K–1 and assuming
the process to be 75% efficient, calculate the standard enthalpy change of
neutralisation for the reaction
(ii) Another student proposed a method to remove the aluminium oxide layer using
aqueous sodium hydroxide instead. With the aid of balanced chemical equation(s),
comment on whether you agree with this proposal.
(iii) With reference to your answer in (a)(i), predict if the standard enthalpy change of
neutralisation between ethanoic acid and aluminium oxide is less exothermic or
more exothermic. [7]
(b)
Aluminium chlorides are very commonly used in chemical industry as a catalyst for Friedel-
Crafts reactions. An example of a Friedel-Crafts reaction is shown below.
R
RCl
anhydrous AlCl3
In this reaction, AlCl3 act as a halogen carrier to form AlCl4-, which catalyses the reaction
(i) Suggest the shape and angle found in a molecule of aluminium chloride.
(ii) Explain why aluminium chloride has the ability to act as a halogen carrier. [4]

13
(c) Aluminium has 2 naturally occurring isotopes, 27Al and 26Al.
A sample of aluminium was analysed to give the following composition of isotopes.
isotopes abundance (%)

27
Al 99.9
26
Al 0.1
(i) Define the term relative atomic mass.
(ii) Calculate the relative atomic mass of the sample of aluminium.
(iii) Calculate the number of sub-atomic particles in the Al atom and its most stable
27
ion. Tabulate your answers.
(iv) Successive ionisation energies provide evidence for the existence of different shells
in atoms. Using suitable axes, draw a sketch of the successive ionisation energies
of aluminium. [9]
[Total: 20]
~ END OF PAPER ~

Yishun Junior College H1 Chemistry Preliminary Examinations 2016
Paper 1 Answers
1 C 7 C 13 B 19 B 25 C
2 C 8 B 14 D 20 D 26 A
3 B 9 B 15 A 21 C 27 D
4 B 10 D 16 C 22 B 28 D
5 D 11 B 17 D 23 A 29 B
6 C 12 A 18 A 24 D 30 C
Paper 2 Answers
1 (a) (i) C7H16 + 11O2  7CO2 + 8H2O [1]
(ii) Bonds Bonds

kJ mol-1 kJ mol-1
broken formed
6 x C−C 6(+350) 14 x C=O 14(−740)
16 x C−H 16(+410) 16 x O−H 16(−460)
11 x O=O 11(+496)
Total +14116 [1] Total −17720 [1]
∆Hc = +14116 – 17720 = −3604 kJ mol−1

[3]
= - 3600 kJ mol−1 [1]
(b) (i) D and E [1]
(ii) Geometric isomerism arises due to the restricted rotation of the

C=C double bond and the presence of 2 different groups attached
to each of the carbon atoms in the C=C double bond. [1]
(c) F and B are structural isomers (OR have the same molecular formula).
F is more branched than B and so, it has a smaller surface area of
contact. [1]
Hence, less energy is needed to overcome the weaker intermolecular

instantaneous dipole-induced dipole interactions for F. [1]
[2]
(d) Reagent and conditions: KMnO4, H2SO4(aq), heat [1]

Observations: Purple KMnO4 is decolourised and the gas formed gives
white precipitate with limewater. [1] [2]
(e) H I
conditions (a) CCl4 solvent OR anhydrous FeBr3
room temperature OR Fe catalyst
OR
(b) UV light
type of reaction (a) addition substitution
OR [2]
(b) substitution
any 2 correct – [1]

all 4 correct – [2]
Total: 12
2 (a) (i)
[1]
(ii)
H2 I2 2HI
Initial amt /
4.00 x 10−3 8.00 x 10−3 0
mol
Change in amt
−3.4 x 10−3 −3.4 x 10−3 +6.8 x 10−3
/ mol [1]
Eqm amt / mol 6.0 x 10−4 4.6 x 10−3 6.8 x 10−3
Eqn conc / mol 3.0 x 10−4 2.3 x 10−3 3.4 x 10−3 [1]
3.4 10
16.8
3.0 10 2.3 10 [1]
(b) (i) By Le Chatelier’s principle, the position of equilibrium shifts to

the left, favouring the backward endothermic reaction, so as to
absorb the heat added.[1]
Hence, [HI] decreases while [I2] and [H2] increases, leading to

the value of Kc to decrease. [1] [2]
(ii) As the amount of gaseous reactants and products are equal, the
position of equilibrium will not shift. Hence, the amount of HI will
remain the same at the new equilibrium. [1]
Total:7
3 (a) (i) 1st t1/2 (when [C6H5N2Cl] falls from 0.2 to 0.1 mol dm−3)
= 63 min
2nd t1/2 (when [C6H5N2Cl] falls from 0.1 to 0.05 mol dm−3)
= 63 min
(+ show both t1/2 on graph) [1]
Since t1/2 is constant, order of reaction wrt C6H5N2Cl = 1 [1] [2]
(ii) rate equation: rate = k[C6H5N2Cl] [1]
units for k: min-1 or s-1 [1] [2]

(iii) Since excess water was used in the experiment, the
concentration of water is almost constant throughout the
experiment. Hence, the reaction rate will not be affected by the
concentration of water. [1]
(b) Number of molecules
T1
T2 T1 < T2
Energy
Ea
Diagram – [1]
At the higher temperature, the average energy of the reacting particles

is increased. Hence the proportion of particles with energy equal to or
greater than the activation energy increases significantly as seen in the
shaded area in the diagram. [1]
In addition, when the temperature of the reactants is increased, their

average speeds increase and therefore the frequency of collisions
between reacting particles increases. This increases the frequency of
effective collisions and consequently the rate constant increases and
rate of reaction increases. [1]
[3]
Total: 8
4 (a) (i) 385 [1]
7.79 10 [1]
[2]
(ii) η 7.792 10 3.896 10 [1]
[2]
3.896 10 24 0.00935 9.35 [1]
(b) Due to the large non-polar hydrocarbon chain, the predominant

interactions between cholesterol molecules is intermolecular
instantaneous dipole-induced dipole (id-id) interactions. [1]
Hence, the hydrogen bonds formed between cholesterol and water

molecules do not give off enough energy to overcome the stronger
intermolecular id-id interactions in cholesterol and intermolecular
hydrogen bonds in water. [1] [2]
(c) (i) step I : H2, Ni, heat OR H2, Pt [1]

step II : KMnO4 (OR K2Cr2O7), H2SO4(aq), heat under reflux [1]
step III: HCN, NaOH(aq) OR NaCN(aq) 10-20 oC [1] [3]
(ii)
[1]

(d) (i) conditions: conc H2SO4, reflux [1]
type of reaction: condensation [1] [2]

(ii)
O
O [1]
Total:13
5 (a)  MgCl2 undergoes partial hydrolysis(**) to give a slightly acidic
solution. Approximate pH of resultant solution is 6.5. (*)
MgCl2(s) + 6H2O (l)  [Mg(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 2Cl–(aq) (*)

[Mg(H2O)6]2+(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ [Mg(H2O)5(OH)]+(aq) + H3O+(aq) (*)
 SiCl4, PCl3 & PCl5 undergo complete hydrolysis(**)

Low electron density Si and P provide empty d-orbitals to
accommodate lone pair of electrons from H2O. pH of solution is 1.(*)
SiCl4 (l)+ 4H2O  SiO2.2H2O (s) + 4HCl (*)

PCl5 (s) + H2O (cold or limited)  POCl3(aq) + 2HCl
PCl5 (s) + 4H2O  H3PO4 + 5HCl (*)
Each * ½ mark [5]
(b) (i) Dative / Co-ordinate bond is a covalent bond in which a pair of

electrons is shared between 2 atoms but ONLY ONE of them
provides both electrons that make up the bond. [1]
(ii) Cation : NH4+ Anion : Cl-

Both correct – [1] [1]

(iii)
Each ion [1]

[2]
(c) (i) HCl(g) [1] Addition Reaction [1] [2]
(ii) Cold Concentrated H2SO4, followed by H2O, warm. [1]

(iii)

NH3 in ethanol/alcohol and heat in sealed tube. [1]
[2]

(iv)  C-Cl is a stronger bond with bond energy of 340 kJ mol-1 and
while C-Br is weaker with bond energy of C-Br 280 kJ mol-1,
hence easier to break. [2]
 Hence the rate of reaction for CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl will be slower
than that of CH3CH2CH2CH2Br. [1] [3]

(d) Conditions: UV light [1]
Type of reaction: Substitution [1]
CH3 + Cl2  CH2Cl + HCl [1]

[3]
Total: 20

6 (a) Primary alcohol and carboxylic acid [1]
(b) Test: Add 2,4-DNPH to each compound separately.

Observation: For ethanedial, orange ppt of hydrazone is observed. For
glycolic acid, no orange ppt is observed.
O 2N
O O
C C + 2 H2N NH NO2
H H
NO2 O 2N
O 2N NH N N NH NO2 + 2H2O
C C
H H
Test: Add Fehling’s solution to each compound separately and warm.

Observation: For ethanedial, brick-red ppt of Cu2O is observed. For
glycolic acid, no brick red ppt is observed.
CHOCHO + 4 Cu2+ + 10 OH–  (CO2–)2 + 2 Cu2O + 6 H2O
Test: Add Tollens’ reagent to each compound separately and warm.

Observation: For ethanedial, silver mirror is observed. For glycolic acid,
no silver mirror is observed.
CHOCHO + 4 [Ag(NH3)2]+ + 6 OH–  (CO2–)2 + 4 Ag + 8 NH3 + 4 H2O

or CHOCHO + 4 Ag+ + 6 OH–  (CO2–)2 + 4 Ag + 4 H2O
For each test, correct reagent [1]; correct observations [1]; and correct
equation [1]
[3m x 2 sets = 6m] [6]
(c) (i) A weak Bronsted acid is one which dissociates partially in

solution to donate protons, H+. [1]
(ii) [HOCH2CO 2  ] [H+ ]

Ka =
[HOCH2CO2H] [1]
(iii) Since [CH2(OH)COO–] = [H+],

[H+ ]2
Ka =
[HOCH2CO2H]
[H+ ]2
1.48 x 10–4 =
0.20
[H+] = 5.44 x 10–3 mol dm–3 [1]
pH = –lg (5.44 x 10–3) = 2.26 [1] [2]

(iv) A buffer solution is one which is capable of maintaining a fairly
constant pH (by resisting pH change) when small amounts of
acid or base is added to it. [1]
When small amount of H+ is added,

CH2(OH)COO– + H+  CH2(OH)COOH [1m]
When small amount of OH– is added,

CH2(OH)COOH + OH–  CH2(OH)COO– + H2O [1m] [3]
(d) O
O
O
O [1]
(e) (i) O O H H O O
I II
C C HO C C OH C C
HO OH H H [1] H H
Step I: LiAlH4 in dry ether, r.t.p. [1]

Step II: K2Cr2O7(aq), H2SO4(aq), heat under distillation [1] [3]
(ii) The intermolecular forces of attraction between ethanedioic acid

molecules is stronger hydrogen bond [1] while permanent
dipole-permanent dipole interaction exists between ethanedial
molecules.[1] Hence more energy is needed to overcome the
stronger hydrogen bonds between ethanedioic molecules. [2]
Total:20
7 (a) (i) Amount of H2SO4 = 60/1000 x 1.2 = 0.0720 mol

Amout of Al2O3= 3 /102 = 0.0294 mol
H2SO4 is the limiting reagent. [1]
Amount of H2O = 0.0720 mol
Q’ = mcT = 60 x 4.2 x 11.5

= 2898 J
Q = 100/75 x 2898 = 3864 J[1]
Q
Hn = 
nH2O
= - 3864 / 0.07200
= - 53666 J mol-1
= - 53.7 kJ mol-1 [1] [3]
(ii) Agreed, NaOH may be used as Al2O3 is an amphoteric oxide. [1]
Al2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O  2Na[Al(OH)4] [1]

[2]
(iii) Since ethanoic acid is a weak acid, some energy is absorbed to
dissociate the acid. [1]
The enthalpy change of neutralisation would be less negative than
that in (ii) / less exothermic.[1]
[2]
(b) (i) Shape: trigonal planar [1]

Bond angle: 120o [1] [2]
(ii) AlCl4‒ is electron deficient [1].
The lone pair of electrons from Cl‒ is donated into the empty p
orbital of Al, forming a dative bond.[1] [2]
(c) (i) The relative atomic mass of a certain element is defined as the
average mass of one atom compared to 1/12 the mass of a 12C
atom, and is given by:
average mass of an atom

A
1
mass of an atom of C
12 [1]
(ii) Relative atomic mass of aluminium sample

= 27(99.9) + 26(0.1) / 100
= 26.999
= 27.0 [1]
(iii) For the 27Al atom

protons neutrons electrons
13 [1] 14 [1] 13 [1]
For its most stable ion, 27Al3+

protons neutrons electrons
13 14 10 [1] [4]
(iv) Al : 1s22s22p63s23p1
 Labelled axes [1]

 No. of ionisation = 13 and generally increasing IE [1]
 2 “big jump” : between ionisation number 2 and 3 and
ionisation number 11 and 12 [1] [3]
Total:20

2016 Chemistry H1 JC2 Yishun Junior College

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CANDIDATE’S NAME: ______________________________ CTG: _________________

YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE

Section A & B: Multiple Choice Questions

Write in soft pencil.

Do not use paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.

This question paper consists of 14 printed pages.

1 A pure hydrocarbon is used in bottled gas for cooking and heating.

What is the formula of the hydrocarbon?

2 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.

A 0.799 g B 1.598 g C 3.196 g D 6.392 g

A Cl2 + 2OH−  OCl− +Cl− +H2O

A CH3Cl B CO2 C N2H4 D NH4CN

8872 / YJC / 2016 / Preliminary Examination / Paper 1

B can be formed by s orbitals but can be formed by p orbitals but

C can be formed by either s or p can be formed by either s or p

D can be formed by either s or p can be formed by p orbitals but

6 Organic nitrates in photochemical smog can cause breathing difficulties.

The diagram shows an example of an organic nitrate molecule.

A 123 B 213 C 312 D 321

8872 / YJC / 2016 / Preliminary Examination / Paper 1

A enthalpy change of combustion

4C(s) + 5H2(g)  C4H10(g)

compound ∆Hc / kJ mol-1

A −5883 kJ mol−1 B −129 kJ mol−1 C +129 kJ mol−1 D +5883 kJ mol−1

10 Butanedioate ions can be dehydrogenated to form trans-butenedioate ions. The enzyme

How does fumarase speed up this reaction?

A Fumarase is a protein which increases the concentration of reactants.

2H2(g) + 2NO(g) → 2H2O(g) + N2(g)

The results of the initial rates experiments are shown.

0.5 2.0 6.0

What are the missing values, h, i and j?

12 The table below shows some data on two acid-base indicators.

approximate pH range colour change

8872 / YJC / 2016 / Preliminary Examination / Paper 1

What is the pH of the solution?

A 3.0 B 3.3 C 10.7 D 11.0

A A chloride ion has higher shielding effect than a sodium ion.

8872 / YJC / 2016 / Preliminary Examination / Paper 1

Which is the correct equation for the reaction?

A C8H16 + 16NO  8CO + 8N2 + 8H2O

8872 / YJC / 2016 / Preliminary Examination / Paper 1

8872 / YJC / 2016 / Preliminary Examination / Paper 1

21 Most alcohols can be dehydrated to give alkenes.

Which alcohol can be dehydrated to give three different isomeric alkenes?

8872 / YJC / 2016 / Preliminary Examination / Paper 1

Which characteristic applies to both compounds?

A Both can be obtained by the oxidation of alcohols.

24 Matricarin occurs in oil of chamomile.

Which statement about matricarin is correct?

8872 / YJC / 2016 / Preliminary Examination / Paper 1

CH 3CH 2OCOCH 2CHCH 2CH 3

CH 3CH 2OH + CH 3CH 2CHCH 2OH

8872 / YJC / 2016 / Preliminary Examination / Paper 1

The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of:

No other combination of statements is used as a correct response.

Which statements about these elements are correct?

27 What can be deduced from the following information?

2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2SO3(g) ∆H = −98 kJ mol-1

1 Increasing the pressure increases the equilibrium yield of SO3(g).

8872 / YJC / 2016 / Preliminary Examination / Paper 1

No other combination of statements is used as a correct response.

0 10 volume of acid added/ cm3

What could be the identities of X and Y?

CANDIDATE’S NAME: ______________ CTG: _

CANDIDATE’S NAME:__________________ CTG: _