Technology

Landscape for
Innovation
Fresh Consulting
freshconsulting.com
Table of Contents

5 Autonomous Things

7 Chatbot

9 Machine Learning

11 Smart Robots

13 Deep Learning

15 Facial Recognition

17 Voice Recognition

19 Wifi

21 Edge Computing

23 Cloud Computing

25 Mobile App

27 IoT

29 Blockchain

31 Smart Device Connection

33 Mobile Smart Phone

35 Wearables

37 Automated Device
Table of Contents

39 Drones

41 Digital Camera

43 Computer

45 Tablet

47 Video

49 Biometrics

51 Digital Twins

53 Augmented Reality

55 Virtual Reality

57 GPS

59 Nanotube Electronics

61 3D Printing

63 SaaS

65 Nanotechnology

67 Natural Language Generation

69 API
The Frontier of Innovation

The Institute for the Future argued that “technological change is increasingly driven
by the combination and recombination of foundational elements.” It’s true – many
of the most disruptive and long-lasting products in history were not built with a
single emerging technology. For example, the computer and the car were created
with a combination of existing technologies. Subsequent iterations of the products
were improved upon by introducing new technologies to an existing platform.

The same holds true for innovative ideas. Often they are a combination of ideas,
versus one single solution. Drawing on past experiences paves a pathway for
powerful solutions and technological experiences in the future. When considering
the future, it is essential to explore the intersection of fundamental technologies.

Consider what the Internet, Bluetooth, and the Cloud have done for innovative
digital products. Internet integration within any device makes it connected and
“smart.” This results in the potential for thousands of new devices and fertile ground
for entrepreneurs. Bluetooth allows devices to connect, a solution which has
resolved hundreds of use cases requiring communicative technology that operates
through human input. The Cloud allows data to be stored and shared across
networks. This established new frontiers for collaborative, integrated work from
virtually any place on earth.

In this paper, we explore thirty-two technologies that compose a landscape for

innovation. Starting with a user and a problem – then selecting from a menu of
existing technologies to solve it – you can think of new product ideas. We believe
that through understanding the fundamental technology components, you can
position yourself as an innovator, and potentially, a leader within your organization.

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 Autonomous Things
Devices that are “autonomous” can function without direct human control.
Autonomous things, like robots and AI, carry out the same tasks as people.

Full Definition:
“Autonomous Things” can operate independently, without human control.

Autonomous Things often use features like bumper sensors to detect

obstacles, infrared or ultrasound sensors that detect distance, and stereo

vision for increased depth perception and image recognition. Using safety

features like LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and high accuracy

positioning, Autonomous Things can navigate their environment safely and

effectively. Their purpose is to automate tasks that are dangerous or time-

consuming for humans. With the help of Autonomous Things, environments

become safer and routine tasks can be performed more efficiently.

5
Use Cases:

1. Self-Driving Cars

Almost all car accidents are a result of human error. They injure millions
throughout a given year. Autonomous Cars are designed to remove the
possibility of human error, allowing for the safest driving conditions possible.

2. Autonomous Robots

Autonomous Robots can make us more efficient on the factory floor, but they
can also remove humans from dangerous places. By creating robots that can
work in situations that pose too much risk for us, we increase the safety and
security of human workers.

3. Self-Navigating Drones

Drones provide us with more access to the world we live in. Self-navigating
drones have an even more dynamic reach. From disaster relief to scientific
exploration and recreation, drones allow us to become more versatile in our work
and personal lives.

Related Fresh Content:

• White Paper: The Future of Autonomous Vehicles

• Blog Post: Fresh and United Rentals Bring Autonomous Vehicles to NIWeek
• Service: Autonomous Robotics

6
 Chatbot
A Chatbot is an AI feature that simulates human conversation. Found in messaging
apps, they are controlled through voice commands or text replies.

Full Definition:
A Chatbot is a piece of software programmed to engage in human conversation.

Their job is to converse and naturally interact with us. Chatbots can be

communicated with through either text or speech, depending on the program and

use case. Businesses can further expand their digital presence by making use of

Chatbots for customer service and other brand interactions.

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Use Cases:

1. Virtual Assistants

Popular Virtual Assistants such as Siri, Google Assistant, and Amazon Alexa all use
Chatbot functionality. With a simple command or question, these Assistants are
ready to help in any situation, making routine aspects of our lives more seamless.

2. Messaging Apps

Messaging Apps also use Chatbot functionality to answer questions, provide

support, engage in conversation, or perform any other task the app was
programmed to complete. This provides a more seamless in-app experience.

3. Customer Service

Many websites have a Chatbot readily available for customers. The Bot can help
you navigate the website, answer questions, and provide general customer support
needs. They are never tired, always working, and always happy to help.

Related Fresh Content:

• White Paper: Strategies for Onboarding and Engagement

• Presentation: Chatbots For Customer Service
• Service: Mobile Apps

8
 Machine Learning
With machine learning, a computer can learn and improve independently, without
being programmed. It can identify patterns in data and use that data to make
predictions.

Full Definition:
Machine learning enables computers to perform tasks without instructions or

human direction. Using algorithms and statistical models, machine learning-

capable computers gather data, interpret it, and make independent inferences.

When exposed to new data, they continue to learn and adapt. Using what they’ve

learned, they can understand new information and act on it independently, without

receiving instructions or input from a human.

Use Cases:

1. Social Media

Many social media services are supported by machine learning. When an app
suggests “People you may know” or a “For You” page with relevant postings, it’s
learning about your interests (based on your data) to predict what other content
you would be interested in.

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2. Image and Speech Recognition

By learning to recognize faces, machines can provide an additional level of

biometric security or customization. Additionally, machines can recognize
speech patterns and prepare themselves for future interactions by using

linguistic data.

3. Customer Service

Many websites have a Chatbot readily available for customers. The Bot can
help you navigate the website, answer questions, and provide general customer
support needs. They are never tired, always working, and always happy to help.

Related Fresh Content:

• White Paper: The Future of AI

• Service: AI/Machine Learning

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 Smart Robots
Smart robots learn from their environment and use the findings to build their
capabilities. They also collaborate with humans, working along-side us, and learning
from our behavior.

Full Definition:
Smart Robots can collaborate with human beings, learn from their environment,

and modify their actions as a response. They are often quite similar to human

beings, performing many of the same mundane tasks. Whereas in the past we had

to give robots directly inputted instructions, Smart Robots operate with a pre-

programmed of instructions. The base instructions are often quite simple, but the

robots can adapt their behavior based on their experience and make independent

decisions based on what they have learned.

Use Cases:

1. Industrial Production

These Smart Robots learn tasks on an assembly line and can communicate to other
robots, or even humans, to produce the end product. Together, they can produce
products in a fast and organized way.

2. Surgical Assistants

In collaboration with a doctor, these robots provide professional assistance during

surgery. They can understand a patient’s needs and situation by interpreting data.
They can perform precise procedures with exactness and accuracy that humans
cannot achieve on their own.

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3. Autonomous Robotic Cleaners

Acting as vacuums, gutter cleaners, and window washers, Smart Robots

automate cleaning processes. They’re able to learn routes, avoid obstacles and
patterns in dirtiness these bots can handle every part of cleaning without any

human direction.

Related Fresh Content:

• Blog Post: How Far Robotics Has Come – And Where It’s Going
• Blog Post: Robot Factors for Automated Processes
• Service: Autonomous Robotics

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 Deep Learning
Humans learn by experience and repetition. Computers can as well. Deep Learning
uses ‘neural networks’ to access images, text, and sound, processing them
repeatedly. Through repetition, computers eventually learn to recognize objects,
make suggestions, and understand the human voice.

Full Definition:

Artificial Neural Networks are modeled on how human brains process information.
But unlike our brains, these Artificial Networks are symbolic – they aren’t living or
physical objects. What they have in common with us is the way they learn. These
networks allow computers to learn through experience and repetition, which is
called Deep Learning. Computers can learn to understand recognize objects and
images, replicate speech, and process language. With Deep Learning, the process
can be supervised, semi-supervised, or unsupervised. Unsupervised computers
can become auto-didactic – that is, they can teach themselves rather than being
programmed.

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Use Cases:

1. Machine Translation

Translating doesn’t come down to simply substituting the words in one language
to another. There is much more to the process than memorizing vocabulary. Using
Deep Learning, computers can learn grammatical and syntactical nuances to form
accurate translations.

2. Automated Medicine Discovery

Researching, developing, and testing new medicines is a time-consuming process.

With Deep Learning, the process can be automated. Computers can learn to form
hypotheses, run tests, analyze data, record data, and assist medical professionals
in pharmacological studies.

3. Static Image Recognition

Ever posted a photo on social media and had recommended friends pop up to tag
in the photo? With Deep Learning, social media apps learn to recognize faces. They
then link those faces to related accounts. Provided with enough data, the internet
can even find pictures without any manual tagging.

Related Fresh Content:

• Service: AI/Machine Learning

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 Facial Recognition
Facial recognition refers to computers being able to identify a person’s face.
Analyzing an image of a person’s facial features, the computer matches it to other
faces stored in a database.

Full Definition:
A Facial Recognition System can identify a person by their facial features. This can

be a face from either a photo, a video, or live capture. By analyzing the biometric

landmarks of the face, the software can compare to find a match in a related

database. While originally used mainly by computers, this technology has also

become common on mobile devices. Facial recognition can be used as a security

system, in place of a password.

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Use Cases:

1. Smartphone Security

Many new smartphones have built-in Facial Recognition capabilities. When the
phone’s camera sees and recognizes your face, the system unlocks. The setup
process enables to phone to memorize your facial features from
different angles, making it fast and accurate.

2. Entertainment & Retail

Robots will be useful in scientific research because they are durable, less sensitive
to hazardous environmental factors than humans or animals, and can be put in
strenuous circumstances (or even destroyed) for the sake of research.

3. Financial Transactions

On many devices, you can link your facial features to your payment app or credit
card. By simply presenting your face to the camera, the software can recognize
you, link to your account, and charge you for the sale with your approval. For many,
wallets are becoming a thing of the past.

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 Voice Recognition
Voice recognition refers to computers being able to recognize and identify a voice.
The computer program then interprets and responds to verbal commands.

Full Definition:
Voice Recognition is the ability of a computer to hear and understand human

voices. The computer receives the audio data and interprets it. The software then

translates the audio to text, and many programs can translate the text into different

languages. The computer can learn to understand any number of languages,

dialects, and accents from people all around the world. Some computers store the

audio information in databases to help understand other speakers.

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Use Cases:

1. Automated Phone Systems

An automated phone system is a responsive software program designed for

answering calls. Using Voice Recognition, the program listens to the caller and
provides support. The entire interaction takes place between the caller and the
system, like a conversation between two people.

2. Virtual Assistants

Today’s world is home to many popular virtual assistants. Google Assistant, Siri,
or Amazon Alexa aid us in a variety of situations. These Assistants all use Voice
Recognition. They can understand and follow the requests made by people by
processing language.

3. Bluetooth Systems

By simply plugging in your phone, your car can use Voice Recognition software
from your phone. With voice commands, users can make calls or change music
while driving, eliminating the need to touch your phone.

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 Wifi
WiFi is a wireless technology that provides high-speed Internet access and network
connections. Because it doesn’t use wires, WiFi is convenient, low-cost, and easy to
set up in a variety of places.

Full Definition:
WiFi is a wireless radio technology, used to connect devices and provide internet

connections. Devices that use WiFi technology can connect to an access point and

connect wirelessly to the Internet when in range. Without a need for wires, WiFi is

a convenient, low-cost and easy solution to Internet access. While anyone within
5. They
range Are
of WiFi canLess Mobile
attempt in it,
to access Natural Environments
WiFi can and should be password protected.

19
Use Cases:

1. Smart TVs

With a built-in wireless adapter, Smart TVs are capable of connecting to WiFi
networks. This allows them to access a wide range of Internet-enabled apps
including video streaming services. It also allows them to connect to other smart
devices within range.

2. Computers

An essential feature of computers is Internet browsing and other Internet-enabled

capabilities. Many modern services like web apps are only accessible online. While
Ethernet cables are still an option, computers can connect wirelessly, providing
more freedom and flexibility.

3. Gaming Consoles

Gaming consoles have grown in popularity over the years, with a multi-billion dollar
market. Whereas living rooms were once covered in cords, controllers and other
accessories connect wirelessly. WiFi enables users to access online play even
without an Ethernet cord.

Related Fresh Content:

• Portfolio: Block the Bad Stuff

20
 Edge Computing
Edge Computing processes data directly, instead of relying on a cloud connection.
An example is autonomous vehicles, which can’t risk sending data to the cloud and
waiting for a response. Autonomous vehicles process data on the spot to remain safe,
secure, and reliable.

Full Definition:
Edge computing is computing that is done at the source of the data. Sending

information from your device to the cloud takes time, so many processes are made

faster by having the computing done locally. By having data stored and accessed

at the device-level, the potentially slower process of transmitting information to

and from the cloud is bypassed.

Use Cases:

1. Predictive Maintenance

Ongoing maintenance for machines, vehicles, and infrastructure is expensive.

What if you could predict when a system would fail? Using IoT sensors, you
can monitor a system’s health in real-time – at the edge – and use
the data to make informed decisions.

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2. Autonomous Vehicles

Self-driving vehicles create and process massive amounts of data. Communicating

it to a server room – when the car is on the road – would take too long, risking
safety and inaccuracy. With Edge Computing, the data is stored and processed
locally in the vehicle.

3. Embedded Sensors

Sensors in vehicles, such as a reverse camera in a car, do not need a connection to

the cloud. All the data and images are processed and displayed locally. Doing so
makes the performance much faster and more reliable.

Related Fresh Content:

• White Paper: The Future of Edge Computing

• Blog Post: 14 Examples of Edge Computing’s Growing Impact

22
 Cloud Computing
Unlike traditional computing where software and data are stored on your computer,
The Cloud provides services on the Internet, storing the data there as well. Internet-
enabled services fall under the umbrella of ‘cloud computing.’

Full Definition:
Cloud Computing stores information in data centers, making it accessible

anywhere someone can access the Internet. These data centers are linked to

online software suites and other services. One benefit is that these data centers

are responsible for security, maintenance, updates, and performance, as opposed

to requiring that a user or IT professional to maintain the software locally on a

computer.

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Use Cases:

1. Google Drive

Platforms such as Google Drive are some of the most recognizable examples of
Cloud Computing. In one online suite, users can create documents, spreadsheets,
presentations, and store files. These files are stored and maintained at Google data
centers.

2. Netflix

Video streaming services like Netflix allow their users access to countless videos
through an online portal. With virtual servers, Netflix is a true Internet television
provider. The user can watch videos online, with no need for local downloads or
storage.

3. Dropbox

Whereas files were once stored and accessed on a physical hard drive, Dropbox
allows users to store massive quantities of information in the Cloud. These files can
be shared across vast geographic distances, allowing users to quickly share files
from around the world.

Related Fresh Content:

• Blog Post: “As a Service” Provides Developers a Cloud Paradise

24
 Mobile App
A Mobile Application is an alternative to software on desktop and laptop computers.
Mobile apps are optimized for smaller touchscreen devices.

Full Definition:
A Mobile App is a computer program that has been designed to run on a mobile

device. Mobile Devices include tablets, smartphones, smartwatches, and other

wearables. These apps are normally downloaded from a digital marketplace, such

as the App Store or Google Play. Initially designed to provide professional services

such as email or calendar access, there’s now a wider range of apps available for

entertainment, health & fitness, music, photography, and much more.

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Use Cases:

1. GPS Location Services

There are many mobile map services, which, using a Global Positioning System
(GPS), display the user’s geographical location. These maps can be used to
navigate a landscape or to simply get directions. As opposed to a physical map, all
the user needs is a mobile device.

2. Social Media

Social Media Apps are created are widely used, a common part of modern life.
Social Media Apps allow users to create and share content or engage in online
social interactions. Social Media Apps are now being used for payments and virtual
shopping as well.

3. Mobile Games

While video games were originally made for computers and consoles, they’re now
played widely on mobile devices. Many popular titles from other platforms have
been ported to mobile devices as well. Some of the world’s most popular games are
only accessible on mobile devices.

Related Fresh Content:

• Case Study: Sleep Genius Mobile Apps

• Service: Mobile Development

26
 IoT
The Internet of Things (IoT) relies on smart devices that are connected and
communicate autonomously. These smart devices collect data and share it,
communicating and operating more efficiently and dynamically.

Full Definition:
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to devices that are connected and transfer

information over a shared network. These devices are known as “smart devices.”

Smart devices provide automated services to their owners. All the devices are

controlled by one key device, typically a smartphone or computer. Settings and

information can be accessed and edited by this key device. Today, the Internet of

Things has become a part of everyday life, with the countless devices that connect

to our smartphones.

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Use Cases:

1. “Smart Home”

Smart home appliances and devices such as lighting, thermostats, cameras, and
security systems can be set up to work together in a home ecosystem. All the
settings, information and devices can be accessed by the user remotely through
smartphone applications.

2. Wearables

Technology companies now make other smart accessories to go along with their
smartphones. Devices such as wireless headphones and smartwatches are prime
examples. Wearables communicate information independently, surfacing on-the-
go information about your daily life.

3. Amazon Go

With Amazon Go, one of the world’s biggest retailers has created a seamless
shopping experience. These physical stores have no lines and no checkout. With
IoT, Amazon Go tracks what products you select and charges you as you leave.

Related Fresh Content:

• Blog Post: How to Get Started with the Internet of Things

• Service: Internet of Things

28
 Blockchain
To ensure that information isn’t counterfeited or changed, ‘Blockchain’ stores the data
in blocks across multiple personal computers. These block records are stored in a
chronological chain. Blockchain uses cryptography to provide further data protection.

Full Definition:
Blockchain is a means of storing and transferring digital information that ensures

it can’t be counterfeited. Using Blockchain, any given piece of information exists

encrypted on millions of devices at the same time. All information is updated

instantly upon change or transfer. All transfers are recorded publicly and used to
verify ownership of information. Even if one block is edited, it’s identified as an outlier

given that it won’t match the other blocks in the chain. Because changes update

instantly, the other devices will notice the information doesn’t match and the edit will

not be approved. Information can be transferred from one user to another, but never

modified.

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Use Cases:

1. Bitcoin

An all-digital, online currency, Bitcoin eliminates the need for banks or controllers.
Using Blockchain technology, the currency cannot be copied or modified. All
transactions are made publicly, providing evidence that the currency belongs to a
user.

2. Digital Content

Using Blockchain technology, the illegal act of pirating digital content can be
cut down. Using new file formats that support Blockchain, all sales, records, and
ownership become public. Copying files illegally would be more challenging
because ownership can be instantly verified.

3. Health Industry

By using Blockchain, Medical records can be protected from third-party sources.

Any given record can be encrypted across millions of devices. Non-authorized edits

would not match the records of other devices, making the edit invalid.

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 Smart Device Connection
Smart Devices are connected through the Internet, sharing information and
interacting with other smart devices in a network. These devices are a part of the
Internet of Things.

Full Definition:
Smart Devices sync through a wireless connection in a network. They can share

information, interact with other devices, and perform tasks autonomously. A single

smart device can perform many functions even in isolation but working together,

connected devices can carry out larger, more complex tasks. All the devices can be

controlled by a smartphone, where centralized settings and information are accessed.

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Use Cases:

1. Smartwatches

Smartphones today have Smartwatches that enhance user experience. These

watches serve as an extension of the phone, allowing users to use joint features.
Many features of your phone can now be used on these watches, providing another
way of engaging.

2. Smart Homes

Smart home appliances and devices such as lighting, thermostats, cameras,

and security can all work together to form a home ecosystem. All the settings,
information and devices can be accessed by the user remotely, through a
smartphone application.

3. Smartphones

Smartphones are typically the central hub for smart device connection. Almost
all Smart Devices can connect to a smartphone. The smartphone has the ability
to control all of the devices at once, making the process of operating multiple
gadgets less cumbersome.

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 Mobile Smart Phone
Smartphones are wireless, handheld devices that allow users to call others, send text
messages, and run mobile apps. Using various apps, Smartphones serve as a sort of
portable personal computer.

Full Definition:
Smartphones are mobile phones with computing capabilities. Examples include

designated apps, web browsing, different tools for accessing news, video games,

music, and high-quality cameras. Smartphones include sensors that can be used

by their apps, such as satellite navigation or accelerometer. They are also WiFi and

Bluetooth enabled. Modern smartphones – with improved hardware, apps, and

processing power – act as a mobile computer.

Use Cases:

1. Apple iPhone

The iPhone is one of the most popular smartphones to date. iPhones come with
unique hardware, operating systems, and a designated app store. They also offer
many compatible smart devices, such as the AirPods and Apple Watch.

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2. Google Pixel

Google Pixel is a popular Android Device. The Pixel is a fully supported Google
device, making the most of Google’s extensive software library and web browsing
capabilities. Some smart devices available for the Pixel are the Pixel Buds and the
Pixel Pen.

3. Samsung Galaxy

Galaxy smartphones are one of the most popular Android options. Samsung
releases Galaxy phones, tablets, “phablets,” and even folding smartphones. Like
iPhone and Pixel, Galaxy devices have their own unique hardware capabilities,
though they share the Android OS.

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 Wearables
Allowing for “hands-free” use, wearables can be worn or implanted. They provide the
capability to send and receive data with other smart devices.

Full Definition:
Wearables are a class of technology that can be worn on the body either as

an implant or an accessory. Wearables use IoT capabilities to connect and

communicate with other devices such as smartphones. The sensors and software

embedded in wearables are similar to those used in other smart devices, allowing

them to relay information with the need for a controller. Wearables are used as

activity trackers, navigation systems, and healthcare tools. Many smartphones

have their own line of wearables available for purchase, which are compatible with

the parent device.

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Use Cases:

1. Fitbit

Fitbit is a wireless wearable bracelet that is used to monitor health and fitness.
The Fitbit connects to your phone and displays stats on your body. The Fitbit can
display things like the number of steps you walk, your heart rate, your quality of
sleep, and many other fitness metrics.

2. Apple Watch

Acting as an extension of your iPhone, the Apple Watch is worn on the wrist like
a normal digital or analog watch. But with Apple Watch, you can answer calls,
respond to messages, and monitor health stats. All information is communicated
between the iPhone and watch wirelessly.

3. Smart Glasses

There are a variety of smart glasses, where the screen of a portable computer rests
in the lenses. Smart glasses create a truly hands-free experience, with almost all
settings activated by voice. Smart glasses are designed for business and a user’s
personal life.

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 Automated Device
Automated Devices are electronic – and function automatically –
without continuous input from an operator.

Full Definition:
Automated Devices operate with minimal human input. Automation is made

possible through electronic components and wireless communication. Automated

Devices range greatly in their complexity and usage. Household devices use

automation to monitor temperature, run the dishwasher, or start a clothes cycle.

More complex automation takes place in factories, to build products alongside

humans. Some devices are even fully automated, such as self-driving fleets, which

can perform entire operations without human input.

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Use Cases:

1. ATM Machines

ATMs (Automated Teller Machines) are fully automated devices, with all banking
occurring between the customer and the machine. ATMs can be used at any time
of day, as long as their location permits. ATMs provide an easy and fast solution to
banking needs.

2. Automatic Doors

Although simple, Automatic Doors are present in almost all public venues, so much
so that we forget they exist. Fully functioning and independent, automatic doors
require no assistance to operate. These doors make a big difference in hospitals
and airports, where time is limited.

3. Self-Checkout

Used in almost every grocery store, self-checkout stations provide an automated

teller to assist with checking out. The user is required to scan their items, bag
and pay for them, but the experience with a cashier is bypassed. The machine
automates the interaction.

Related Fresh Content:

• Service: Autonomous Robotics

• Blog Post: Robot Factors for Automated Processess

38
 Drones
A drone is a type of flying robot. It can be remote-controlled or fly autonomously
using pre-designated flight plans. Onboard sensors and GPS communicate with the
drone’s flight plans to help it navigate.

Full Definition:

A drone is a flying robot can be operated manually, but some are autonomous.
These robots are now also used in science, recreation, agriculture, and many fields.
Drones can either be flown manually by a human using a remote control or can
fly autonomously using an onboard computer. Most drones are equipped with a
camera, allowing the pilot to navigate and record video. These robots are equipped
with onboard sensors, radio communication, and GPS location services. Using
these tools, drones can safely navigate their surroundings.

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Use Cases:

1. Transport

Drones have been tested for use in transportation and delivery services. In selected
locations, online stores can deliver their products using autonomous drone
transportation. This enables companies to deliver products a short time after they
are purchased.

2. Science

Drones allow us to explore areas that are difficult to access otherwise. With the
ability to travel vertically and horizontally in short amounts of time, drones can be
used to gather information, collect samples, and take pictures for research efforts.

3. Film Making

Most aerial footage is now shot using drones. Drones are much easier to operate
than helicopters and are much less expensive to fly. Drones allow amateur and
commercial filmmakers alike to create more dynamic visual experiences.

40
 Digital Camera
Most modern cameras capture images digitally using an image sensor instead of
film. The photograph can be stored in digital memory such as a memory card. Then a
computer processes the digital data, allowing photographers to edit and manipulate
the visuals.

Full Definition:

A Digital Camera doesn’t use film. Instead, it uses an image sensor to gather data,
saving it as an image using digital memory. Different than traditional cameras
that use film, digital cameras display pictures immediately. Photos saved digitally
can be easily copied, transferred, and shared between devices. The use of digital
photography has also allowed for easier access to photo editing. Features like
cropping and filters are built into modern models.

Use Cases:

1. Mobile Devices

Given the widespread popularity of smartphones, almost everybody owns a digital camera.
Smartphones have embedded cameras that are becoming increasingly sophisticated. Phones
that take pictures and capture videos are now the industry standard.

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2. Filmmaking

Filmmaking was revolutionized with the use of Digital Cameras. Moving from
physical film to all digitally stored video allows for editing. While the film quality is
different, these efficiencies significantly speed up film production.

3. Surveillance Cameras

Digital Cameras allowed for the creation of modern surveillance and security
cameras. Since all the video is digital, it can be displayed live as it is being filmed.
Security cameras can also store months’ worth of footage at a time, making it easy
to review at a later date.

Related Fresh Content:

• Portfolio: Print Camera

42
 Computer
Computers store and process data, which appears as a numeric system of 1s and 0s
called binary form. Software programs give computers instructions about how to use
the data.

Full Definition:

A computer is a machine that performs math and logic operations either manually
or automatically. Computers are instructed to perform their tasks through computer
programming. A programming language is similar to the written form of English,
Spanish, or any other number of languages, but it’s written in a syntax that a computer
can understand. With behind the scenes programming, computers are usable by
humans, who can use them to perform complex tasks much more efficiently.

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Use Cases:

1. Smartphones

A substantial number of people in today’s world carry a personal computer in

their pocket at all times. Smartphones, at their core, are portable computers. They
are home to the apps, games, and messaging features that provide a constantly
evolving form of digital engagement.

2. Laptops

Laptops are also a mobile computing solution. Laptops are becoming increasingly
powerful, capable of running sophisticated software and applications. Laptops are
designed for flexible location and usage.

3. Video Game Systems

Popular gaming consoles like Playstation, Xbox and Nintendo Switch are all
computers made for gaming. With each console generation becoming more
powerful, the devices have come to have a much larger purpose than just running
games, with a variety of integrations.

44
 Tablet
Tablets are small, portable computers. They provide the user with a touchscreen
interface for inputting information. This provides greater flexibility for apps than
traditional computers, which use a keyboard and mouse.

Full Definition:
Tablets are mobile devices equipped with a touch screen, a rechargeable battery

and a mobile operating system. Tablets rely on receiving inputs from a touchscreen,

though a mouse and keyboard can be integrated. Tablets make use of WiFi to

allow for internet access and web browsing. Many apps and games available on

smartphones are also available for tablets. Tablets represent the middle ground

between smartphones and computers, providing a bigger screen with the same feel

and flexibility of a smartphone.

Use Cases:

1. iPad

The iPad feels and acts similarly to the iPhone. Almost all apps and games from the
Apple App Store are also available for the iPad. The operating system of the iPad
presents the same interface as that of the iPhone, making transitioning between
the devices seamless.

45
2. Amazon Fire

The Amazon Fire is designed as an upgrade from their e-reader devices. It’s
a full-functioning tablet with apps, games and its own operating system. The
newest devices have supported features from Amazon Alexa, the company’s
virtual assistant.

3. Surface

The Microsoft Surface is designed to feel more like a computer. It’s powered by
Windows and ships with a folding keyboard and many other features a normal
computer would have. However, it still presents the same flexibility as other

tablets, distinguishing it from a desktop or laptop.

Related Fresh Content:

• Technology: Android Development

• Technology: iOS Development

46
 Video
Video refers to recording and playing back of moving pictures and sound. As
technology progresses, video is becoming more interactive and dynamic. Examples
include blending the viewer’s image into the action onscreen or giving them
ownership of how the story unfolds.

Full Definition:
At its core, video is the display of moving visual media. Video is first recorded on a

camera and can then be played back, copied or broadcast. Video is supported by

countless devices today. Smartphones have revolutionized video, allowing for easy

recording and editing from your device, wherever you are. Today almost all video

is recorded and stored digitally. Making it digital allows for easy distribution and

editing. With the use of Bluetooth and wireless connections, users can easily display

their video on devices within their range.

47
1. Television

Video is essential for television. From live cable to movies, all are all possible
because of the capability to easily produce video. Television has been around
for decades and continues to be a leader in video distribution.

2. Internet

Since the integration of video into the internet, content has become much more
dynamic. Many websites make their entire site based on videos, such as YouTube
or Vimeo. Many marketing sites also use video to tell their story.

3. Social Media

At first, Social Media was used for sharing pictures and text with other users. In
recent years, video has come to play a bigger role. Users can record, share and
even live stream on Social Media services making the content instantly available

to their friends and connections.

Related Fresh Content:

• Service: Video & Motion Design

48
 Biometrics
Using a person’s unique physical and behavioral traits, biometrics measure and
analyze voices, gestures, and faces. The technology can be used to provide an
additional layer of security or a new way of interacting with computers.

Full Definition:

Biometrics is the use of unique biological identifiers to give people another way of
interacting with computers. Biometrics are often used for identification purposes,
allowing users to access systems safely and securely. Some of these metrics
include fingerprints, facial landmarks, DNA, voice, and hand shape. Measuring and
recognizing these metrics allows for identification of persons, but it also allows for
more security as biometric identifiers are far more unique than passwords.

Use Cases:

1. Smartphone Unlock

More smartphones are created with built-in Facial Recognition capability. By

presenting your face to the phone’s camera, it’s able to recognize you and unlock
your phone. The phone continues to learn your facial features making the process
faster and more accurate.

49
2. Security Cameras

Modern-day security cameras can identify faces using biometrics. When

presented with a video, they can recognize all the people they have in their
database. Cameras can be taught to look for criminals in a crowd and notify the
authorities when found.

3. Streamlined Access

With Biometrics, people can create easier ways for users to bypass lines, get into
hotel rooms, and more. Your face is an incredibly secure means of entry given
that it has so many unique identifiers. This presents a variety of use cases in
hospitality, recreation, and entertainment.

50
 Digital Twins
To collect data on how an object, process, or system works, a
replica ‘Digital Twin’ is created. The twin can be used to replicate
large systems like power plants or cities, gathering data on its own
performance and using that to indicate the performance of the
real system.

Full Definition:
A Digital Twin is an exact digital copy of something. The copy could of a process,

a place, a person, or a device that exists today. The Digital Twin replicates all

the dynamic elements of the original upon which it’s based. Based on the twin’s

performance, inferences can be made about the real thing, system, or process, allowing

for unprecedented foresight. The goal of the Digital Twin is to synchronize with the

original to provide an additional level of data and understanding for operators.

51
Use Cases:

1. Automobile

Creating virtual models of cars is made possible through Digital Twins. For
companies to be able to test their cars, doing so in a virtual environment is much
easier. Features of the car and performance can all be tested virtually, with no need
for a physical testing environment.

2. Robotics

Creating virtual models in robotics is key for running tests. A lot of time and
resources can be saved by running tests in a simulated setting, rather than creating
a physical test environment for an actual robot. Otherwise inaccessible physical
environments can also be created.

3. Manufacturing

In power plants that can’t be turned off, using a Digital Twin can help plan for
changes or unanticipated events. Using the Digital Twin, operators can easily test
changes or new settings with no interruption to workflows.

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 Augmented Reality
AR is an interactive experience where a computer superimposes a generated image
in a real-world environment. AR provides a “composite view,” where the computer-
generated image overlaps a physical space.

Full Definition:

AR is an interactive experience where the digital world is superimposed on the

physical world. AR apps, programs, and systems create 3D models of virtual objects.
Using physical anchors, digital objects are “placed” in the real world, though they
only exist as digital information. For example, the physical world can become
more entertaining and interactive when digital representations are created and
superimposed. It’s also useful in professional settings where artificial objects can be
used to explain a concept or visualize a process. The key is making the visuals look
seamless, and this is done through special eyewear or a device camera.

53
Use Cases:

1. Education

Using AR, students can engage in more dynamic lessons. Mechanical engineering,
biology, and chemistry can be brought to life in new ways. Invisible processes – or
processes that are too complex to be understood without being seen – can be
comprehended with the help of AR.

2. Shopping

Shopping experiences can become much more dynamic with the help of AR.
Instead of purchasing an item without being able to see how it would look in their
home, users can see a digital representation of it in context.

3. Healthcare

To better understand surgical processes and procedures, medical practitioners can

view digital representations of vital organs that are otherwise invisible. There is no
risk involved with viewing or analyzing a digital representation of an organ, and it
can be studied indefinitely.

Related Fresh Content:

• White Paper: The Future of VR & AR

• Portfolio: AR for Industrial Design
• Service: AR/VR Development

54
 Virtual Reality
Virtual Reality is an interactive experience in a simulated environment. VR
provides auditory, visual, and sensory feedback to immerse the user in an artificial
environment.

Full Definition:

Virtual Reality is a simulated experience, placing the user in an interactive, yet

simulated virtual environment. The environment is primarily visual, but auditory
and haptic elements are often used. The experience is enabled with a VR headset,
closing the user completely off from the real world. To interact with the virtual
world, motion controllers can be used to track body movement.

55
Use Cases:

1. Video Games

One of the most prevalent examples of VR is in gaming. As opposed to staring at a

two-dimensional screen, gamers can now be fully immersed in a 3D environment.
This creates a new way of playing, where the player is in the game instead of
outside of it.

2. Industrial Settings

Virtual reality can be used to simulate real workplace environments. If accessing

a building or plant isn’t an option, users can go their virtually. While not the same
experience as going somewhere physically, virtual environments are becoming
increasingly life-like.

3. Education

Taking students out of the classroom to see faraway places or inaccessible settings
is challenging – even impossible. By using VR, any environment can be brought into
the classroom. Students can learn about and interact with otherwise inaccessible
concepts.

Related Fresh Content:

• White Paper: The Future of VR & AR

• Blog Post: Getting Into VR
• Portfolio: Office VR Experience

56
 GPS
Linking with a device’s receiver, the Global Positioning System measures the distance
of the receiver from 30+ satellites and compares them, thus determining the device’s
location. Next-generation GPS satellites will have improved accuracy in dense urban
areas due to improved atomic clocks.

Full Definition:

The Global Positioning System (GPS) measures a user’s position using satellite
technology. 30+ satellites that are run and operated by the United State government.
The user’s GPS device needs to connect wirelessly to at least four of the satellites at
the same time. Upon connecting, the satellites can determine the user’s position and
time zone. If the user’s device is unable to connect or is obstructed by obstacles, GPS
can’t function. A user’s device does not send any information to the satellites, and an
internet connection is not required for GPS usage.

57
Use Cases:

1. Smartphones

Many apps and services on smartphones are powered with GPS. More obvious
examples include map services, such as getting directions to a physical address.
Some social media apps allow you to tag your current location based on GPS.

2. Navigation Systems

GPS services are built into many modern cars. These GPS systems are a part of
the vehicle, eliminating the need for a smartphone or other device. As long as the
user’s car can connect to the satellites, it will display the location and can provide
directions.

3. Autonomous Vehicles

GPS is essential for self-driving cars and other autonomous vehicles. Using GPS,
these vehicles can navigate. With the visibility GPS provides, autonomous cars can
be given a simple program to follow based on their location.

Related Fresh Content:

• Portfolio: Basemap
• Blog Post: Fresh and United Rentals Bring Autonomous Vehicles to NIWeek

58
 Nanotube Electronics
Carbon nanotubes are semiconductors with walls that are only one carbon atom
thick, much smaller than traditional silicon circuits. They provide greater flexibility
and can be woven into fabrics for electronic cloth, for flexible and stretchable
electronics.

Full Definition:
Nanotubes are incredibly small tubes made out of carbon. These tubes are so small

they are measured in nanometers, which is one-billionth of a meter. At a simplistic

level, nanotubes are created by connecting carbon-shaped hexagons and rolling

them into a hollow tub. Nanotubes are of interest because of their amazing

properties. Nanotubes tubes have outstanding electrical conductivity, strength,

and heat conductivity. These properties make the tubes essential in technology, as

their durability and conductivity can be put to use at the nanolevel.

Use Cases:

1. Clothing

Putting Nanotubes into clothing could play a big part in our future. The strength
and flexibility of Nanotubes could help us create clothes that are extremely
damage resistant, yet flexible enough for normal, comfortable use.

59
2. Electrical Cables

Creating flexible wires and cables is difficult as they need to be conductive but
flexible. Carbon Nanotubes provide both of those features. They are an essential
addition to regular wire given that engineering becomes more complex and
nuanced as the field evolves.

3. Water Filters

Most water filters operate using a charcoal-based filter. While effective, Carbon
Nanotubes provide an alternative. Thanks to their extremely small size, nanotubes
can filter micro material, giving them a unique capacity.

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 3D Printing
A 3D printer creates complex, three-dimensional objects by layering material. Instead of
ink, 3D printers use ‘filaments.’ The 3D print is based on an uploaded digital design file.

Full Definition:
A 3D printer takes a digital model from a computer and creates a physical

model. The printer builds the model in layers, similar to how a traditional

printer does the same with ink. 3D printers are much slower than regular

printers, taking multiple hours to finish a model. 3D printers can print in

multiple colors, and different materials and techniques make the finished

project unique. Although 3D printers may not be commonplace yet, many

industries rely on them to create conceptual models and physical tools.

Use Cases:

1. Medicine

The medical field has made advancements in efficiency and accuracy with 3D
printing. Patient-matched implants and prosthetic limbs can be made more
quickly and efficiently, custom-tailored and vetted for quality by using a digital
design file.

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2. Prototyping

When creating and inventing new products, creating prototypes first is a must.
This process of prototyping is much easier and faster thanks to 3D printing.
Once given a digital design file, the printer will produce a perfect replica.

3. Education

In STEM education, 3D printers are great assets. To create real models of

complex processes and tools, students can use 3D printers, allowing them to
visualize the world of technology in new ways. Open source projects can be
created and printed too.

Related Fresh Content:

• Technology: SOLIDWORKS Development

• Blog Post: Seven Key Principles for Strategic Innovation
• Blog Post: An Introduction to Industrial Design Terminology

62
 SaaS
Software as a Service is an alternative to traditional software that is purchased,
downloaded, and maintained on a single computer by a user. With SaaS, a user simply
subscribes and lets the software host manage updates, installation, and support.

Full Definition:

Software as a Service is a different way to use and access software. Instead of

purchasing, downloading and using the software on a single device, SaaS uses
a subscription model. The subscription is paid monthly or yearly and allows the
user access to the software. Often these services will offer a free trial of the paid
software or even a free limited-use version. The software is Cloud-based, allowing
for easy access across an array of devices.

63
Use Cases:

1. Music

Apps like Spotify, Apple Music, YouTube Music are examples of SaaS. The user pays
a subscription fee then has access to an entire library of music and features. The
music does not need to be downloaded and can be accessed all online.

2. Video Streaming Services

Many apps provide video streaming including Netflix, Amazon Prime Video and
Apple TV. Upon paying the monthly subscription, the user gains access to the full
video library from the app. These videos can be viewed online from any of the user’s
devices.

3. Office 365

Office products from Microsoft are a powerful tool in both the workplace and at
home. All their products are available for use through a subscription service. Paying
for the service allows users to use their entire suite of products.

Related Fresh Content:

• Technology: PHP Development

• White Paper: The Strategy of Starting with Less

64
 Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology works at the nanoscale. This technology can be used to tackle
challenges smaller than our eyes can see, such as treating molecular diseases,
purifying water, or strengthening the material in a tennis racket.

Full Definition:
Nanotechnology involves the manipulation and design of material at the molecular

level. The objective is to precisely manipulate either atoms or molecules, helping

with the production of a larger product. Nanotechnology is extremely precise

and gives products very specific traits or characteristics. This is used often in the

research of trying to make current products better. This approach to research and

development allows for more exact design and engineering.

65
Use Cases:

1. Medicine

Disease and sickness prevention and treatment can be done on the smallest scale
using Nanotechnology. Researchers are developing new drug delivery methods
to fight only specific targets in a person’s body, with no side effects, such as in
treating cancer.

2. Electronics

With Nanotechnology, we can increase the capabilities of electronic devices and

reduce weight. By manipulating materials at the nanolevel, electronics can be
designed to process energy more efficiently, with greater results.

3. Sporting Goods

Currently, both golf and tennis balls benefit from nanotechnology. Manipulation
of material at the nanolevel allows the balls to keep their bounce for much longer.
The material of tennis rackets is also manipulated at the nanolevel providing more
durability and performance.

66
 Natural Language Generation
Natural Language Generation is an AI software process that translates data into
spoken or written language. Instead of communicating data in terms another
computer would understand, an app or machine translates it into speech and writing
that would be familiar to a person.

Full Definition:
Computers communicate with each other and process information much differently

than humans do. At their core, computers are operated by processing only 0s and

1s. Being able to translate this data into text or speech is called Natural Language

Generation. Instead of communicating data in terms another computer would

understand, an app or machine translates it into comprehensible speech and

writing. Applications that gather large amounts of data can easily display them in

either text or speech for easier interpretation.

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Use Cases:

1. Chatbot

Having a computer engage in a natural conversation is a challenge. By using

Natural Language Generation, a computer can express itself in a more user-friendly
manner. Converting its data into text, chatbots can be taught to display text that
makes sense to us.

2. Business Analysis

Displaying business data and statistics in a presentable format is essential. Using

Natural Language Generation, computers can display complex metrics and
analysis in a way that’s easier for us to understand, without requiring a person to do
the translation manually.

3. Scientific Reports

Scientific studies can be incomprehensible to the people who didn’t conduct the
research. Being able to display the findings effectively is a capability of Natural
Language Generation. Computers can be taught to take all gathered information
and display it in an easy to understand format.

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 API
An Application Programming Interface (API) is a communication protocol between
a server and a client. The purpose of an API is to simplify the creation of client-side
software. An API could be for an operating system, database system, web-based
system, software library, or computer hardware.

Full Definition:

An Application Programming Interface (API) simplifies the process of building

software. APIs are used for operating systems, databases, websites, and software
libraries. An API provides the developer with an interface that they can use, without
the need for understanding complex background information about the server.
Ultimately, an API presents the user with tools he or she would need, without
overcomplicating things.

69
Use Cases:

1. Google Maps API

The Google Maps API allows programmers to implement Google Maps into their
websites. Websites can display their address with a live Google Maps interface. The
Google Maps API works on both mobile devices and desktops.

2. Amazon Product Advertising

Websites can implement ads from Amazon and gain revenue from their websites
using Amazon Product Advertising. Implementing this into your website will show
ads from Amazon, and doing so allows you to monetize. It’s all possible with the API.

3. WinAPI

Microsoft Windows allows developers to create applications compatible with the

Windows environment. The WinAPI gives them the tools to help. While it still takes
extensive development knowledge to do so, the API makes the process more
straightforward.

Related Fresh Content:

• Blog Post: How to Create a Fuzzy Search-As-You-Type Feature

• Blog Post: Dev Principle – Ya Ain’t Gonna Need It

70
 Authors and Collaborators

Thought Leader

Jeff Dance
C EO

Jeff brings years of experience

to the digital technology
space, overseeing hundreds of
creative projects.

Johnny Rodriguez
Jeff Dance
C EO DIRECTOR OF STR ATEGIC INNOVATION

Johnny
Jeff brings hasofover
years 12 years
experience
to the of experience
digital in UX design
technology
space,and development
overseeing using
hundreds of
cutting-edge
creative projects. web technologies.
Ben Spencer
D I G I TA L C O N T E N T S T R AT EG I S T

Ben is a Digital Content

Strategist with a passion for
blending design and writing into
a cohesive product narrative.