SHM

LECTURE 2
Simple Harmonic Motion
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 SHM
LECTURE 2
Simple Harmonic Motion
Let’s SHM
 F = -kx

Restoring Force (F)

Position (x)
SHM - UCM
 General Equation of SHM :
y = A Sin( ωt+φ )
+A

t=t

y t=0
φ

Reference
position
of UCM

-A

φ = Initial Phase of SHM

Velocity of particle in SHM

v = dy/dt = Aω Cos (ωt + φ )

v = ω A2 - y2

At mean position y = 0 Vmax = Aω

At ext. position y = ± A Vmin = 0
Acceleration of particle in SHM
Acceleration of particle:
a = dv/dt = - Aω2 sin (ωt + φ )

a = - ω2y

At mean position y = 0 amin= 0

At ext. position y = ± A amax= ω2A

(Towards mean position)

 Velocity & Acceleration of particle in SHM
In general displacement of a particle in SHM is given as :

y = A Sin (ωt + φ ) v = dy/dt = Aω Cos (ωt + φ )

Acceleration of particle in SHM:
Example Find the amplitude & initial phase of particle in SHM, whose motion equation is
given as y = A sin(ωt) + B cos(ωt)
Example Find the amplitude & initial phase of particle in SHM, whose motion equation is
given as y = A sin(ωt) + B cos(ωt)

ALTERNATIVE
Solution:
 A man of mass 60 kg standing on a platform executing SHM in vertical direction. Its
Example displacement from the mean position is given as :
y = 0.5 sin(2π f t). Find the minimum value of f, for which man will feel weightlessness at the
highest point.
Solution:
 The maximum velocity of a body in SHM is 3m/s & its acceleration at 2m from
Example mean position is 18 m/s2. Find the Amplitude & Angular Frequency.
A. 0.5 m, 2 rad/sec
B. 1 m, 3 rad/sec
C. 2 m, 4 rad/sec
D. 3 m, 4 rad/sec
Solution:
Example A particle executes SHM between 2 points separated by 10 cm. If the force
experienced by it be 2N at a displacement of 1cm from the mean position,
then find the Maximum Force experienced by it.
A. 3N
B. 5N
C. 7N
D. 10 N
Solution:
Evidently, the maximum displacement = 10/2 = 5 cm
For a particle executing SHM the force experienced is given by
F = -kx (1)
and
Fmax = -k(xmax) (2)

Dividing (2) by (1).

Example A particle executing SHM oscillates between 2 fixed points separated by 20 cm.
If its maximum velocity be 30 cm/s, find its velocity when its displacement is 5
cm from its Mean Position.

A. 5 3 cm/sec x = 5 cm
B A
B. 10 3 cm/sec
10 cm O 10 cm
C. 15 3 cm/sec
D. 20 3 cm/sec
 Solution:
Evidently, the max. Displacement
x = 5 cm
For a particle executing SHM the speed
B A
at a displacement ‘x’ is given by
10 cm O 10 cm
(1)

(2)

Dividing (1) by (2), we get :

 2 particle execute SHM with same frequency & amplitude along the same
Example straight line. They cross each other, at a point midway between the mean & the
extreme position. Find the phase difference between them.
A. π/3
B. 2π/3
C. π/6
D. π/4
Solution:
Solution: Let ‘a’ be the amplitude and 𝜙1 and 𝜙2 their respective
phases at any instant, when they cross each other.

Then their displacement equation can be written as

X = a sin (phase)

For the two particles we have

Taking the least value,

And taking the next possible value

 Moreover, from

If v1 and v2 be the respective velocities of the particles, then v1 = v2

If then

∴ required phase difference =

Note: The phase difference can be in general

Example A particle executes SHM with time period of 2 sec. Find the time taken by it to
move from one extreme position to the nearest mid point between mean
position and extreme position.

A. 1
A
B. 1/2
C. 1/3
D. 1/4
Solution:
 Solution:

Let ‘a’ be the amplitude of oscillation then evidently

The displacement equation can be written as x = a sin (πt + ф)

Let, for simplicity the time can be reckoned from the instant when the particle was at
its extreme position.
Thus, at t = 0, x = a
∴ a = a sin (ф) ⇒ ф = π/2

Thus, ∴
Let at t = t1(+ve) x = a/2
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