TYPE 1 CONDITIONAL

The first conditional has the present simple after 'if', then the future simple in the other clause:
 if + present simple, ... will + verb 1
It's used to talk about things which might happen in the future. Of course, we can't know what will
happen in the future, but this describes possible things, which could easily come true.
 If it rains, I won't go to the park.
 If I study today, I'll go to the party tonight.
 If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes.
 She'll be late if the train is delayed.
 She'll miss the bus if she doesn't leave soon.
 If I see her, I'll tell her.
First vs. Zero Conditional:
 The first conditional describes a particular situation, whereas the zero conditional describes
what happens in general.
 For example (zero conditional): if you sit in the sun, you get burned (here I'm talking about every
time a person sits in the sun - the burning is a natural consequence of the sitting)
 But (first conditional): if you sit in the sun, you'll get burned (here I'm talking about what will
happen today, another day might be different)

TYPE 2 CONDITIONAL
Type 2 conditional digunakan untuk dua fungsi, yaitu:
1. Untuk membicarakan kejadian di masa depan yang kemungkinan tidak akan terjadi/terwujud.
 If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.
 If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello.
 She would travel all over the world if she were rich.
 She would pass the exam if she ever studied.

2. Untuk membicarakan kejadian di masa sekarang yang tidak mungkin karena kejadian itu tidak
benar.
 If I had his number, I would call him. But I don’t have his number
 If I were you, I wouldn't go out with that man.

Perbedaan dengan Conditional Type 1

Conditional type 2 memiliki ketidakmungkinan yang lebih besar. Contoh:
If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello
Kalimat tersebut menggunakan conditional type 2 karena walaupun kita pergi ke Inggris, belum
tentu juga kita akan bertemu dengan Ratu Inggris, karena sangat kecil kemungkinannya orang biasa
dapat bertemu dengan Ratu Inggris.

If clause Main clause

If + simple past Would + verb 1

If I won the lottery I would buy a new car.

If you were late you would miss the train.

If it was sunny we would go picnic.

today

Unless you studied You wouldn’t pass.

CATATAN TAMBAHAN UNTUK SIMPLE PAST:

‒ Jika di soal ada kata ‘be’ maka jawabannya menggunakan to be dalam bentuk past tense (was,
were) I ___was_____ (be) angry
‒ Bentuk positif
 Tambahkan d/ed/ied ke bentuk semula verb 1
 He studied until late at night after school yesterday
 The cat slept on the table last night
 I liked playing games a lot when I was a kid
 The children looked so happy at the park this morning
 My brother and I went to the same school before he graduated two years ago
‒ Bentuk negative
 Gunakan did not (didn’t) dan bentuk semula verb 1
 We didn’t go to the library because of the rain yesterday.
 My little sister didn’t like vegetables when she was a small kid
 The computer didn’t work at all yesterday
‒ Bentuk question
 Gunakan did di awal kalimat dan bentuk semula verb 1
Did you eat breakfast?
Did you see Tom anywhere?

First vs. Second Conditional:

 The first conditional describes things that are likely to happen in the future, whereas the second
conditional talks about things that are not likely to really happen. It's subjective; it depends on
the point of view.
 For example (first conditional): If she studies harder, she'll pass the exam (I think it's possible she
will study harder and so she'll pass)
 But (second conditional): If she studied harder, she would pass the exam (I think that she won't
study harder, or it's very unlikely, and so she won't pass)

TYPE 3 CONDITIONAL

If clause (condition) Main clause (result)

If + past perfect (had + verb 3) Would have + verb 3

If this thing had happened that thing would have

happened.
Examples
 If it had rained, you would have gotten wet.
 You would have gotten wet if it had rained.
 You would have passed your exam if you had worked harder.
 If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam.
 I would have believed you if you hadn't lied to me before.
 If you hadn't lied to me before, I would have believed you.

Function
Digunakan untuk keadaan yang tidak mungkin/mustahil di masa lalu dan hasil kemungkinannya di
masa lalu. Biasanya menandakan penyesalan karena digunakan untuk membicarakan keadaan dan
hasil yang mungkin dapat terjadi di masa lalu namun sudah terlambat.

Examples
 If I had worked harder I would have passed the exam. (But I didn't work hard, and I didn't
pass the exam.)
 If I had known you were coming I would have baked a cake. (But I didn't know and I didn't
bake a cake.)
 I would have been happy if you had called me on my birthday. (But you didn't call me and I
am not happy.)
In type 3 conditional sentences, you can also use modals in the main clause instead of "would" to
express the degree of certainty, permission, or a recommendation about the outcome.
Examples
 If I had worked harder I might have passed the exam.
 You could have been on time if you had caught the bus.
 If he called you, you could go.
 If you bought my school supplies for me, I might be able to go to the park.

Contractions
Both would and had can be contracted to 'd, which can be confusing if you are not confident with
type 3 conditional sentences. Remember 2 rules:
1. would never appears in the if-clause so if 'd appears in the if clause, it must be abbreviating had.
2. had never appears before have so if 'd appears on a pronoun just before have, it must be
abbreviating would.

Examples
 If I'd known you were in hospital, I'd have visited you.
 If I had known you were in hospital, I would have visited you.
 I'd have bought you a present if I'd known it was your birthday.
 I would have bought you a present if I had known it was your birthday.
 If you'd given me your e-mail, I'd have written to you.
 If you had given me your e-mail, I would have written to you.

The perfect conditional tense

The perfect conditional of any verb is composed of three elements:
would + have + past participle
Have followed by the past participle is used in other constructions as well. it is called the "perfect
infinitive".

Subjec + would + + past participle

t have

He would have gone

They would have stayed

To Go: perfect conditional

Affirmative Negative Interrogative Interrogative negative

I would have gone I wouldn't have gone Would I have gone? Wouldn't I have gone?
 Affirmative Negative Interrogative Interrogative negative

You would have You wouldn't have Would you have Wouldn't you have
gone gone gone? gone?

He would have gone He wouldn't have Would he have gone? Wouldn't he have
gone gone?

She would have She wouldn't have Would she have Wouldn't she have
gone gone gone? gone?

We would have We wouldn't have Would we have Wouldn't we have

gone gone gone? gone?

They would have They wouldn't have Would they have Wouldn't they have
gone gone gone? gone?

COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES USING IF CONDITIONAL TYPE 1/TYPE 2/TYPE 3

1. (Third conditional) If the students hadn’t been late (not/be) late for the exam, they would have
passed (pass).
2. (Third conditional) If the weather __________ (not/be) so cold, we __________ (go) to the
beach.
3. (Second conditional) If she __________ (have) her laptop with her, she __________ (email) me.
4. (First conditional) If she __________ (not/go) to the meeting, I __________ (not/go) either.
5. (Third conditional) If the baby __________ (sleep) better last night, I __________ (not/be) so
tired.
6. (First conditional) If the teacher __________ (give) us lots of homework this weekend, I
__________ (not/be) happy.
7. (Second conditional) If Lucy __________ (have) enough time, she __________ (travel) more.
8. (First conditional) If the children __________ (not/eat) soon, they __________ (be) grumpy.
9. (First conditional) If I __________ (not/go) to bed soon, I __________ (be) tired in the morning.
10. (Second conditional) If I __________ (want) a new car, I __________ (buy) one.
11. (Second conditional) If José __________ (not/speak) good French, he __________ (not/move) to
Paris.
12. (First conditional) If John __________ (drink) too much coffee, he __________ (get) ill.
13. (Third conditional) If we __________ (tidy) our flat, we __________ (not/lose) our keys.
14. (Third conditional) If Luke __________ (not/send) flowers to his mother, she __________
(not/be) happy.
15. (Second conditional) If the children __________ (be) in bed, I __________ (be able to) have a
bath.