UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA Y TECNOLÓGICA DE COLOMBIA

VICERRECTORÍA ACADÉMICA
INSTITUTO INTERNACIONAL DE IDIOMAS
guía para el desarrollo de clases virtuales

Teacher:
COURSE GUIDE TOPIC GRAMMAR EXPECTED TIME
English V 2 relative clauses relative clauses OF WORK
(week 4 and 5) passive voice passive voice 8 hours

1. OBJECTIVES:

 Make difference between active and passive voice.

 Identify and use the main relative clauses in real contexts.
 Set your critical point of view about chapters 3 and 4 from the book 1984.

2. PRESENTATION:

Dear Student, in this guide you will develop different activities that will motivate and facilitate your learning process, the
themes to be developed are: relative clauses and passive voice.
Relative clauses are used to identify which person or thing we are talking about. (He is the man who helped me).
We use the passive voice to say what happens to the subject (Two men were arrested by the police) in contrast to active
sentences which are used to say what the subject does (The police arrested two men).
You will be able to improve your English by developing this guide. In this process you are the main protagonist and I will be
assisting you in anything that you need. Never hesitate to ask me anything concerning this guide.
Likewise, you are required to read chapters 3 and 4 from the audiobook 1984. My recommendation is to read while listening to
the audios that I have provided you with.

2.1. Initial reflection

Read the following sentences:

1. The logo of Coca-Cola is recognized by a lot of people.

2. I loved the card that you sent
3. I have a friend who lives in London
4. Laika was the first dog that was sent to space.

Do you recognize the passive voice and the relative clauses in the previous sentences?
2.2. Contextualization

- Read through this news report and find two more examples of the same verb (find and move) being used as
both an active and a passive verb.
- Highlight in the text using red color for relative clauses and blue color for passive voice sentences.

For as long as people can remember, small towns like Stone Creek and Pineville in northern Alabama have
been hit by storms every spring. They are as predictable as the apple blossoms that are always shaken loose
from the trees and blown along the country roads. Some trees may be knocked over or the roof of a building
might be slightly damaged, but usually the effects of the storms are more inconvenient than deadly. This year
was different.

Last night, a powerful storm roared into the area, sending devastating tornadoes spinning through the small
farming communities. It destroyed farms, schools and churches and buried people in the ruins of their own
homes. It transformed the landscape. Herds of cattle that had been moved into barns for safety are nowhere
to be seen, nor are the barns. Other buildings where tractors and equipment were being stored seem to have
been completely blown away.

The scenes of devastation this morning are described by one rescue worker as 'like the end of the world'.
Since first light, rescue crews have been moving through the countryside, looking for survivors. Small teams
have had to be flown in to some areas by helicopter because the roads have been blocked by dozens of fallen
trees. In other areas. rescuers don't know what they will find as they search through the debris. 'We're
guessing that there are some people who may have been pinned down under their own ceilings,' says Greg
Hayden, a firefighter from Atlanta. 'Sometimes we can't tell the houses from the stables or the garages. It's a
mess. Dozens of people and animals could have been buried in there.'

One by one, the miracles and the tragedies are coming to light. Jim Clinton, having been warned of the
approaching storm on his radio, drove his wife and daughter to his local church. He thought it would be safer
there than staying in his small house. Two of the church walls collapsed, but after being trapped inside for
four hours, the Clintons were found alive by rescuers this morning. Not far away, an old couple had retreated
to the basement of their home as the storm approached. Tragically, they were both killed when part of a wall
crashed through the floor on top of them. The names of all victims are being withheld until their families can
be notified.

At least 38 people have died and many more are missing. About 100 people have been seriously injured and
more than 1,000 have been left homeless. The search for the missing may last for days, but the effects of this
one storm are going to be felt for many years. ‘It's like someone dropped a bomb,’ said one shocked woman
as she searched through the remains of what used to be her home. •

* Taken from: Yule, G. (2008). Oxford Practice Grammar. Advanced Student’s Book with Tests and Practice-Boost CD-ROM. New Edition. Oxford, United
Kingdom: Oxford University Press.

- Complete this summary using appropriate forms of verbs from the news report.
“At least 38 people have died, about 100 people have been seriously injured, and more than 1.000 have been left homeless in
northern Alabama after the area roared by a powerful storm last night. Farms, schools and churches are destroyed and some
people buried in the ruins of their own homes. Fallen trees have been blocked roads in some areas, so rescue teams have had to
be flown in to some areas by helicopter. The effects of this storm are going to be felt for years.”
3. APPROPRIATION
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Use relative clauses to talk about what a person, place, or thing is (or does).
This is the machine which we used to make the copies.
He’s the man who helped us.
Also use relative clauses to explain which one we are talking about.
She’s the girl who has green eyes.
That’s the town where I was born.

Use who for a person. He’s the doctor who looked after your grandmother.
Use which for a thing. This is the knife which the killer used.
Use where for a place. This is the city where she grew up.
It is possible to use that instead of which or She’s the girl that lives next door. = She’s the girl who lives next door
who.
This is the machine that we used to make the copies. = This is the
machine which we used to make the copies.

That, who, or which can be the subject of the I talked to a girl. The girl won = I talked to the girl who won.
relative clause, like this: A dog attacked me. That is the dog = That is the dog that attacked me

* There is no other pronoun (e.g. it, they)

That is the dog that it attacked me. =incorrect
That, who or which can be the object of the Kent sent a card. The card was nice. = The card which Ken sent was
relative clause, like this: nice
I saw a man. The man was rude. = The man that I saw was very rude.

*There is no other pronoun (e.g. him, them)

The man I saw him was very rude = incorrect

When that, who or which is the object of the The card which Ken sent was nice = The card Kent sent was nice.
relative clause (e.g. The man that I saw was The man that I saw was very rude. = The man I saw was very rude
very rude), we can leave them out:

PASSIVE SENTENCES

ACTIVE: (a) The mouse ate the cheese. Both sentences (a) and (b) have the same meaning.
 PASSIVE: (b) The cheese was eaten by the mouse.

In (c), the object in an active sentence becomes the subject

in a passive sentence.

In (d), the subject in an active sentences is the object of by

in the by-phrase in a passive sentence.

FORM OF THE PASSIVE

BE PAST Form of all passive verbs:
PARTICIPLE be + past participle
Corn is grown by farmers
Sara was surprised by the news. Be can be in any of its forms: am, is, are, was, were,
The report will be written by Mary. has been, have been, will be, etc.

ACTIVE PASSIVE
SIMPLE PRESENT Farmers grow corn.  Corn is grown by farmers.
SIMPLE PAST The news surprised Sara.  Sara was surprised by the news.
PRESENT PERFECT Jack has mailed the letter.  The letter has been mailed by Jack.
FUTURE Mr. Lee will plan the meeting  The meeting will be planned by Mr. Lee.
Sue is going to write the report.  The report is going to be written by Sue.
*Remember we use by to mention the person who did the action. We do not use for.

For further information and practice:

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar_list/passiv.htm
https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/passiv.htm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pxbQ2U3Uuv0
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/relative-clauses/exercises?02
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLkARyk4CTI
4. EXERCISES1

1
Adapted from: Azar, B. S. (2003). Fundamentals of English Grammar (3rd ed.). White Plains, NY: Longman.
4.1. Who, which and that.
Complete the conversation. Put in who, which or that. There is always more than one possible answer.

Emma: Shall we have something to eat?

Matthew: Yes, but not here. I don't like cafés _ that_ don't have chairs. I'm not one of those people
_who_ can eat standing up.
Emma: There's another restaurant over there.
Matthew: It looks expensive, one of those places which charge very high prices. The only
customers who can afford to eat there are business executives who get their
expenses paid. Anyway, I can't see a menu. I'm not going into a restaurant which doesn't
display a menu.
Emma: We just passed a cafe that does snacks.
Matthew: Oh, I didn't like the look of that.
Emma: You're one of those people who are never satisfied, aren't you?

4.2. Combine the information to make news items. Make the sentence in brackets into a relative clause with who or which.
Start each sentence with the, e.g. The man ...

e.g. A man has gone to prison. (He shot two policemen.) The man who shot two policemen has gone to prison.

1. A bomb caused a lot of damage. (It went off this morning.) The bomb which went off this morning caused a lot of
damage.

2. A scientist has won the Nobel Prize. (He discovered a new planet.) The scientist who discovered a new planet has
won the Nobel Prize.

3. A footballer has been banned from playing again. (He took drugs.) The footballer who took drugs has been
banned from playing again.

4. A little girl has been found safe and well. (She had been missing since Tuesday.) The little girl who had been
missing since Tuesday has been found safe and well.

5. A company has laid off thousands of workers. (It owns Greenway Supermarkets.) The company which owns
Greenway Supermarkets has laid off thousands of workers.

6. An old lady now wants to swim the English Channel. (She did a parachute jump.) The old lady who did a
parachute jump, now wants to swim the English Channel.

4.3. Use relative clauses to make one sentence from the two sentences below.
e.g. Callin is a private university. I studied physics there.  Callin is the private university where I studied physics.

a. Renata Samuels is a dentist. She fixed my teeth.  Renata Samuels is the dentist who fixed my teeth.
b. La Cosecha is a bar. You get free food there.  La Cosecha is a bar which you get free food.
c. Did you get my note? I left it on your table. Did you get the note that I left on your table?
d. Mannix Music is a shop. It sells old CDs.  Mannix Music is a shop which sells old CDs.
 e. David Bynes is a personal trainer. He helped me get fit.  David Bynes is the personal trainer who helped me
get fit.
f. Konstanz is a town. I was born there.  Konstanz is the town where I was born.
g. Laguna is a town. I spent my holidays there.  Laguna is the town where I spent my holidays.
h. Did you get the present? I sent it to you last week.  Did you get the present that I sent to you last week?
i. Burnham Place is a restaurant. You can watch the chefs make your food there.  Burnham Place is the restaurant
which you can watch the chefs make your food.
j. Corleone is a town. I learned how to do business there.  Corleone is the town where I learned how to do
business.
4.4. Change the sentences from active to passive.

e.g. Ms. Hopkins invited me to dinner.  I was invited to dinner by Ms. Hopkis.

1. Thomas Edison invented the phonograph.  The phonograph was invented by Thomas Edison.
2. Water surrounds an island.  An island is surrounded by the water.
3. A plumber is going to fix the leaky faucet.  the leaky faucet is going to fix by a plumber.
4. A doctor has examined the sick child.  The sick child was examined by a doctor.
5. A large number of people speak Spanish.  Spanish is spoken by a large number of people.
6. Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.  Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.
7. This news will amaze you.  You will be amazed by the news.
8. A thief stole Ann’s purse.  Ann´s purse was stolen by a thief.

4.5. Change the questions from active to passive.

1. Did a cat kill the bird?  Was the bird killed by a cat?
2. My cat didn’t kill the bird.  The bird wasn't killed by my cat.
3. Do a large number of people speak French?  Is French spoken by a large number of people?
4. Is the janitor going to fix the window?  Is the window going to be fixed by the janitor?
5. Will a maid clean our hotel room?  Will our hotel room be cleaned by a maid?
6. Does the hotel provide clean towels?  Are clean towels provided by the hotel?

4.6. Change the passive sentences to active.

1. Was the riot stopped by the police?  Did the police stop the riot?

2. My suitcase was inspected by a customs officer.  A customs officer inspected my suitcase.

3. I was taught to read by my parents  My parents taught me to read.
4. The cookies will be baked by Peter.  Peter will bake the cookies
5. The Raven was written by Edgar Allan Poe.  Edgar Allan Poe wrote The Raven.
6. My car was stolen in Bogotá by a thief.  A thief stole my car in Bogotá
7. A car has been bought by him He has bought a car.
8. A diamond necklace was bought by her.  She bought a diamond necklace.

5. EVALUATIVE TASK

1. Taking into account the vocabulary presented below, you are going to make a small dictionary of “Colombianismos” this is
Colombian terms explained. Think that you are holding a conversation and you are explaining some of the most typical
expressions I our country. You will describe 10 terms, you can select them as you please. Remember to use relative clauses.
This dictionary will be recorded in a short video. You may also use TikTok to record the video explaining the terms. Here is an
example of the exercise:

e.g. Parcero: Panela is a person who is your pal or your friend. A parcero is also a person who is nice to you or you
get to know

2. What major discoveries in your area of study have been made over time? Write 5 sentences in passive voice including years
and names where you explain the discoveries. Record your sentences in an audio file and attach them to the guia. Here is an
example:

e.g. Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming.

3. Audiobook: Chapters 3 and 4 of 1984 talk about newspeak. In the same audio answer: How can language manipulation alter
an individual's way of thinking? Make a contrast using extracts from the book and possible examples in real life. Record your
answer in an audio file and attach it to Moodle. (About 1 minute) (10 points)

6. I EVALUATE MY PROCESS

Quality indicator Yes No

1. I pronounce the words correctly.
2. I give my answer naturally and fluently.
3. I use complete, coherent and correct sentences.
4. I identify and use the passive voice.
5. I use relative clauses appropriately.
6. I set my critical point of view about chapters 3 and
4 from the book 1984.
7. I respond to what is requested in the assignment.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The different exercises in this guide were retrieved or adapted from:

Azar, B. S. (2003). Fundamentals of English Grammar (3rd ed.). White Plains, NY: Longman.
Yule, G. (2008). Oxford Practice Grammar. Advanced Student’s Book with Tests and Practice-Boost CD-ROM. New Edition.
Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.