POLYTECHNIC OF NAMIBIA

http://www.polytechnic.edu.na
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
http://www.polytechnic.edu.na/EEE
EPR410S – ELECTRICAL PROTECTION 4A

TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENT 1

GIVEN: 26/03/12 (19H15) DUE: 26/03/2012 (21H15)

TOTAL MARKS: 36

QUESTION ONE 10 MARKS

The power system of Figure Q1.1 is a hypothetical system having back-up protection in which the bus-bars are
indicated by numbers and the circuit breakers by letters.

Figure Q1.1. One-line diagram of a system having back-up protection.

(i) Specify the breakers that the primary (main) protection must open for a fault at ‘P’. (2 marks)

Ans. Breakers F and G. (2 marks)

(ii) Suppose that the primary protection system at busbar 1 has failed to clear the fault at ‘P’ while the busbar-5
end is assumed to operate correctly. You are required to arrange the primary protection systems that, in
addition to providing the primary protection for their respective lines, will also provide a remote back-up
protection for the primary protection at busbar 1 for line 1 – 5. Identify the buses that will provide the required
remote back-up protection and the circuit breakers that must trip. (3 marks)

Ans. The primary protection systems at buses 2, 3 and 4 can be arranged to trip breakers A, D and H,
respectively. (3
marks)

(iii) Referring to (ii) above can you identify the main disadvantage of remote back-up protection. (2 marks)

Ans. The operation of a remote back-up system removes a far greater portion of the power system from
service than does the operation of the primary protection system. (3 marks)

(With the tripping of breakers A, D and H, lines 2 – 1, 3 – 1 and 4 – 1 are removed in addition to the originally
faulted line 1 – 5 when the fault is removed by the remote back-up protection system. The service to any loads
that may be connected at buses 2, 3 and 4 may be affected and there will be no service at all to bus 1.)

(iv) Briefly explain why it is highly desirable to locate back-up protection as remotely, from the primary
protection, as possible and how this is achieved. (3 marks)

Ans. It is highly desirable that back-up protection be arranged so that anything that might cause primary
protection to fail will not also cause failure of back-up protection. This requirement is completely satisfied only
if the back-up relays are located so that they do not employ or control anything in common with the primary
relays that are to be backed up. (3 marks)
1
QUESTION TWO 4 MARKS

Demonstrate the principle of protection zones in the simple network shown in Figure Q2.1 below.

Figure Q2.1.

Solution: