11

Business
Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 3:
Week 4 and 5
 Lesso
Presentation and Analysis of
n1
Business Data

What’s In
A good graphical display is pleasing to the eye and , therefore, can have the effect of
impressing the viewer to encourage them to read more of a page or site. Such an informative graph
has a positive impression on the website.
A graph is an alternative way to present data. It involves a lot of communication power. A
quick look of these graphs may enable the reader to have an instant and meaningful picture of vast
amount of data.
Different data call for different graphs. The graphs may all look brilliant, but is it the right
graph for the data? Let us have a good understanding of the different graphs to select appropriate
graph for a particular kind of data.

What is It

Business charts are graphs that are used to show numerical facts in a simple and informative way.
There is a variety of these illustrations to show complex and enormous data visually without reading
the whole text. It is advised to have a good presentation to illustrate honest facts not missing vital
information.

1. A line graph uses line segments to connect data points. One axis is usually related to time (year,
month, day, or clock time). It is useful in showing the trends or in determining relationships between
two variables. It can also be applied if the variable plotted along the x-axis (horizontal line) is related
to time. Like statistical table, a line graph also has essential parts that should not be ignored.
 Loom Bands Sold by an Eleventh Grader
50
45
40
No. of Loom bands sold

35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6

Weeks

a. Title

The title is the heading written on the top of the graph.

b. Scale

Do not forget the numbers on the X-axis which indicates the units of time. On the Y-axis, the
numbers indicate the units of frequency. Br cautious on the scale of the Y-axis. If the scale is set too
high or too low, the trends in the data can be misleading.

c. Labels

Identify the variables on the X and Y axes.

d. Data points

Plot all the data points on the X and Y axes. Each data point is connected to the next point by
a line.

e. Line

Create line by connecting all the data points.

f. Description

It will be helpful if you will have an explanation of your graph.

In the line graph example, the line escalates every week. But a tremendous increase was shown from
week 5 to week 6.

2. A bar graph uses rectangles erected on the horizontal axis to summarize a set pf quantitative data.
Several bars can be created to compare different quantity of data. Here, the height of the bar
represents the measured value or frequency; that is, the higher or taller the bar, the greater the value.
The bar graph has all the parts of the line graph. In lieu of the line, the bars are plotted and erected on
the X – axis. You do not connect the data points but bars are created instead of the line.

Most Preferred Dishes by High School Students

25

20
No. of Dishes

15

10

0
Porkchop Adobo Carbonara Fish Fillet Chicken BBQ

Type of Dish

The high school students were asked on their preferred dishes. The number of dishes is
plotted on the vertical axis while the type of dish is plotted on the horizontal axis. Most students
prefer chicken barbeque while on the other hand fish fillet id the least preferred dish.

In general, line graphs are used for quantitative continuous data, whereas bar graphs are used for
quantitative discontinuous data. Line graphs are appropriate with frequency data, while bar graphs are
commonly used to display in formation from surveys or form summary of scores.

3. A histogram is a graphical representation of the frequency distribution. It is a representation of

tabulated frequencies (Y-axis) using adjacent erected rectangles with their corresponding class
intervals (X-axis). The rectangles are of equal width since the class mark is used to represent class
intervals.

When you need more spaces to describe the measure variable, it is advised to represent the
data by horizontal bar graphs. The bar variables can be written on the vertical axis and the horizontal
axis.

Days to Recieve Order

16

14

12

10
Frequency

0
10.5-11.5 11.5-12.5 12.5-13.5 13.5-14.5

Days
4. A pie graph is also called a circle graph. It is a circle with the wedges or sectors to show how much
of the whole each part makes up. Each slice of the pie is written as a percentage. To get the measure
of each part makes up. Each slice of the pie is written as percentage. To get the measure of each sector
in the chart we compute the following

amount of an item
x 360o
total amount of all items

Sales
Russian Federation
12%

Saudi Arabia
13%
All Other Countries
51%
United States
9%
Iran
5%
Mexico
China5%
5%

Russian Federation Saudi Arabia United States Iran

Mexico China All Other Countries

When using a pie graph, be reminded of the following

a. Limit your variables to at most seven, Too at most 6. Too many variables will crow the pie graph
which will be difficult to read.

b. detach some parts from the main pie to emphasise important sectors.

c. Use different colors for every sector to distinguish every part.

5. A Pictograph uses pictures or symbols to represent quantitative date. Each symbol corresponds to
specific quantity.

What’s More
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
 Salad Calories Fat Protein Sodium
Fruit 170 20 g 10 g 550 mg
Buko Pandan 185 18 g 12 g 601 mg
Potato 190 17.5 g 10 g 580 mg
Macaroni 250 22 g 17 g 619 mg

1. Which salad has the least fat

2. Which salad has the most sodium?
3. Which salad has the least sodium?
4. If I want to gain fats, what salad should I eat?
5. My doctor told me that I lack protein. What salad should I eat more often?

AUV (Asian Utility Vehicle) Production in the Philippines

700

600

500

400
No of cars

300

200

100

0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Year

6. What was the production in the year 2011?

7. In what year did the greatest production occur?
8. In what year did the production decline the greatest compared to the previous year?
9. Approximately how many AUVs were produced in the Philippines from 2009 to 2015(Estimate)?
10. Assuming that production is proportional to the demand, on which consecutive yeas did the most
abrupt change of demand happen?
 What I Can Do
EXERCISES
1. As the saying goes, better late than never, but it is still better not to be late. In one
manufacturing company, they only allow a maximum of 10 tardiness annually. Beyond this,
the employee gets 10% reduction from their COLA (Cost of living allowance). Mr Torre, the
HRDO Director, surveyed the reasons of the latecomers in the first quarter of 2020.
REASONS NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES

TRAFFIC 24

WOKE UO LAYE 20

FLOODED STREETS 10

SPENT MORE TIME IN TAKING BATH 12

SCARCITY OF PUBLIC UTILITIES 14

TOTAL 80

Help Mr. Torre to make bar graph that he will present to his superior.

2. How long can you stay offline? Most coffee shops and fast food chains have Wi-Fi connection for
their customers. This might be a marketing strategy but truly, people will choose to dine in to these
establishments. Teresa Angela, a branch manager of a coffee shop , noted the number of hours and the
number of customers who were online for a week. Complete the table below to make a pie graph.
Number of Decimal
Time Fractional Part Number of Degrees
Cutomers Equivalent
Less than 30 128
128 0.256 0.256(360)=92.16o
minutes 500
30 minutes to 1
234
hour
More than 1 hour 138

Total 500