Appendix EB

Bridge Design Manual - 2002 Steel Reinforced Elastic Bearings Design

APPENDIX EB - STEEL REINFORCED ELASTIC BEARINGS

Dimensions:

L := 350 ⋅mm length of a rectangular elastomeric bearing (parallel to longitudinal bridge axis)

W := 500 ⋅mm width of the bearing in the transverse direction

hr := 11 ⋅mm thickness of thickest elastomeric layer in elastoneric bearing

hs := 4 ⋅mm thickness of the steel reinforcement

hrt := 99 ⋅mm total elastomeric thickness

n := 6 number of interior layers of elastomer

shape factor for the thickest elastomeric layer: (for rectangular bearings without holes)
L ⋅W
S :=
2 ⋅hr ⋅( L + W) S = 9.36 /1/ 6.2.5.1-1 /4/ 14.7.5.1-1
(8.5)

Material Properties:
G := 1.2 ⋅MPa shear modulus of the elastomer

Fy := 500 ⋅MPa yield strength of steel reinforcement

f´c := 20 ⋅MPa concrete compressiv strength

Loads and rotations:

VS := 1900 ⋅kN maximum total vertical load at the service limit state

VL := 1000 ⋅kN maximum live vertical load at the service limit state

HS := 160 ⋅kN maximum total horisontal load at the service limit state

VS.min := 900 ⋅kN minimum total vertical load at the service limit state

∆ s := 45 ⋅mm maximum shear deformation of the elastomer at the service limit state

θ s := 0.005 ⋅rad rotation about any axis of the pad

Γ := L length of pad if rotation is about its transverse axis, or width of

pad if rotation is about its longitudinal axis

The calculations are based on:

BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL, VOL I /1/
BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL, VOL II /2/
BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL, VOL III /3/

AASHTTO /4/

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Appendix EB
Steel Reinforced Elastic Bearings Design Bridge Design Manual - 2002

Design requirements
Compressive Stress
average compressive stress due to the total load:

σ S := 1.66 ⋅G ⋅S σ S = 18.6 MPa /1/ 6.2.5.3-1 /4/ 14.7.5.3.2-1

(8.7)

σ S := σ S if σ S < 11 ⋅MPa
σ S = 11 MPa
11 ⋅MPa otherwise

VS
σ Sd := σ Sd = 10.9 MPa
L⋅W

condition:= "OK!" if σ Sd ≤ σ S
"No!" otherwise
condition = "OK!"

average compressive stress due to live load:

σ L := 0.66 ⋅G ⋅S σ L = 7.4 MPa /1/ 6.2.5.3-2 /4/ 14.7.5.3.2-2

(8.8)

VL
σ Ld := σ Ld = 5.71 MPa
L⋅W

condition:= "OK!" if σ Ld ≤ σ L
"No!" otherwise
condition = "OK!"

Compressive deflection
VS − VL
σ := σ = 5.143 MPa
L⋅W

ε := 4.3 ⋅% /1/ Fig C 6.2.5.4-1

Figure 8-4

δ := ε ⋅hr ⋅n δ = 2.8 mm (8.11)

/1/ 6.2.5.4-1 /4/ 14.7.5.3.3-1

condition:= "OK!" if δ ≤ 3 ⋅mm

"No!" otherwise condition = "OK!"

Shear Deformation
the bearing shold satisfy: 2 ⋅∆ s ≤ hrt /1/ 6.2.5.5-1 /4/ 14.7.5.3.4-1
(8.12)
hrt = 99 mm
2 ⋅∆ s = 90 mm
condition:= "OK!" if 2 ⋅∆ s ≤ hrt

Page EB-2 Ethiopian Roads Authority

Appendix EB
Steel Reinforced Elastic Bearings Design Bridge Design Manual - 2002

Combined Compression and Rotation

Rectangular bearings may be taken to satisfy uplift requirements if they satisfy:

§ θs · § Γ · 2
σ S := 1.0 ⋅G ⋅S ⋅¨ ¸ ⋅¨ ¸ σ S = 9.5 MPa /4/ 14.7.5.3.5-1 (8.13)
© n ¹ © hr ¹
VS
σ Sd :=
L⋅W σ Sd = 10.9 MPa

condition:= "OK!" if σ Sd > σ S

"No!" otherwise condition = "OK!"

Rectangular bearings subjected to shear should also satisfy:

ª § θ s · § Γ · 2º
σ S := 1.875 ⋅G ⋅S ⋅« 1 − 0.20 ⋅¨ ¸ ⋅¨ ¸ » σ S = 17.5 MPa /1/ 6.2.5.6-1 /4/ 14.7.5.3.5-2
(8.14)
¬ © n ¹ © hr ¹ ¼
VS
σ Sd :=
L⋅W σ Sd = 10.9 MPa

condition:= "OK!" if σ Sd < σ S

"No!" otherwise condition = "OK!"

Stability of Elastomeric Bearings

Define:
hrt
1.92 ⋅
L
A := A = 0.037 /1/ 6.2.5.7-2 /4/ 14.7.5.3.6-3
(8.16)
2.0 ⋅L
S⋅ 1 +
W

2.67
B := B = 0.0214 /1/ 6.2.5.7-3 /4/ 14.7.5.3.6-4
(8.17)
§
S ⋅( S + 2.0) ⋅¨ 1 +
L ·
¸
© 4.0 ⋅W ¹

If the bridge deck is free to translate horisontally:

G
σ S := σ S = 22.4 MPa /1/ 6.2.5.7-2 /4/ 14.7.5.3.6-1
(8.18)
2A − B
VS
σ Sd := σ Sd = 10.9 MPa
L⋅W

condition:= "OK!" if σ Sd ≤ σ S

"No!" otherwise condition = "OK!"

Page EB-3 Ethiopian Roads Authority