Introduction to

Valve Technology

Presented by
 © 2006
OMB Valves

What is an Ideal Valve?

• Shuts off or controls the rate of flow into, inside of, or out of piping
or other closed conduits.
• When open, offers the least resistance possible to the flowing
product
• When closed, seals tightly permitting no fluid to pass.
• Resistant to bending loads and vibration on the associated piping.
• Impervious to corrosion.
• Uneffected by erosive particulate matter.
• Withstands damage from large objects in the fluid stream.
• Tolerates temperature extremes or cycling.
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OMB Valves

What is Reality?

Actual valves rarely approach the ideal performance of the perfect

valve.
The engineer and user must compromise, weighing the value of each
performance quality against the cost to provide it.
 © 2006
OMB Valves

Types of Valves

• Valve types range from simple shut off devices to complex servo-
systems.
• Sizes vary from tiny metering valves used in aerospace applications
to pipeline and industrial valves weighing tons.
• Operating pressures may be as high as 100,000 psi or as low as a
vacuum.
• Temperatures may be as low as the cryogenic region or as high as
those of molten metals.
• Leakage requirements may be very strict where even the tiniest leak
may be disastrous, or they may have lenient where loss is of minor
importance.
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OMB Valves

Valves Classifications

Valves may be classified in different ways such as :

1. the function
2. the closure member
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OMB Valves

Valve classification
1- By Function
• Shut-off Valves
• Non-return Valves
• Control Valves
• Safety Valves

scope of this presentation are Shut-

off and Non-return valves only
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OMB Valves

Valve classification
2 - By Closure Member
1. Gate Valves
2. Globe Valves Multi Turn
3. Pinch Valves
4. Rising Stem Ball Valves
5. Ball Valves
6. Butterfly valves
Quarter Turn
7. Plug valves
8. Check Valves
a. Piston Check
b. Ball Check Non Return
c .Swing Check
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OMB Valves

Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.1- Gate Valves

• Gate valves are characterized

by a sliding gate which is
moved perpendicular to the
direction of flow.
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Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.1- Gate Valves

Gate Valve Examples

1/2” 800 GATE VALVE

BOLTED BONNET - OS&Y
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Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.1- Gate Valves

Gate Valve Examples

48” 150 GATE VALVE

BOLTED BONNET - OS&Y
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Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.1- Gate Valves

Gate Valve Examples

GATE VALVE
INSIDE SCREW —
WATER SERVICE
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Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.1- Gate Valves

Gate Valve Examples

GATE VALVES
PARALLEL SLIDE GATE
FOR POWER PLANT
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Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.1- Gate Valves

Gate Valve Examples

GATE VALVES
Bellows Sealed
½” and 16”
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Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.1- Gate Valves

Gate Valve Examples

GATE VALVE FOR WELLHEAD —

PARALLEL SLIDE ‘SLAB’ GATE
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Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.1- Gate Valves

Gate Valve Examples

KNIFE GATE VALVE

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Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.2- Globe Valves

• Globe valves have a closure

member, usually in the form of
disc or plug, which is moved by
a stem perpendicular to a ring
shaped seat.

• Globe valves are used primarily

for throttling purpose.
 © 2006
OMB Valves

Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.2- Globe Valves

Globe Valve Examples

• Straight pattern globe valve have

a limited flow coefficient due to
the 90° angle of the flow passage

• The seat can be renewable

(screwed-in) or integral ( a weld
deposit of Stellite® Gr 6)

Straight (std) Pattern

GLOBE VALVE
 © 2006
OMB Valves

Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.2- Globe Valves

Globe Valve Examples

• The stem and closure member is

assembled at an angle to
maximize the flow coefficient (CV)
of the valves (limiting the loss of
speed)

• Usually welded bonnet, and in

high pressure for Steam service

Y Pattern
GLOBE VALVE
 © 2006
OMB Valves

Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.2- Globe Valves

Globe Valve Examples

• The entire stem, stem packing

and back seating arrangement is
isolated from the flow bore by a
flexible metallic bellows.

• The bellows is attached to the

bottom end of the stem and to the
bonnet by welding.

BELLOWS SEAL
GLOBE VALVE
 © 2006
OMB Valves

Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.2- Globe Valves

Globe Valve Examples

• The entire stem, stem packing and back

seating arrangement is isolated from the
flow bore by a flexible metallic bellows.

• The bellows is replaceable (screwed on

the stem).

ECO-L-VALVE ®
Compact Bellows
Sealed Globe Valve for
Steam and DowTherm
 © 2006
OMB Valves

Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.2- Globe Valves

Globe Valve Examples

• In this small globe valve, the

closure member is a tapered
needle point plug which acts
against a small orifice.
 © 2006
OMB Valves

Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.4- Rising Stem Ball Valves

• Similar in appearance to a ball

valve, it employs a mechanical
wedge closure in which the seal is
squeezed tight by the downward
motion of the stem.
 © 2006
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Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.3- Pinch Valves

• Uses a rigid bar to press against

a flexible element such as a
diaphragm or rubber tube to
pinch off the flow.

• Is used in systems carrying

slurries, as they are low in cost,
and insensitive to
contamination.
 © 2006
OMB Valves

Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.5- Ball Valves

• The ball valve is basically a

ported sphere in a housing.

• Rotation of the sphere by 90°

changes the position from open
to closed and from closed to
open.
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Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.5- Ball Valves

Ball Valves Example
Side Entry

Ball assembled
from the side of
the body
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Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.5- Ball Valves

Ball Valves Example
Top Entry

Ball assembled
from the top of
the body
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OMB Valves

Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.5- Ball Valves

Ball Valves Example
Side Entry, Trunnion Mounted Ball
• Side Entry Ball Valves
may be:
- three piece
- two piece
• Generally, three-piece
valve is forged body,
while two-piece valve is
cast body.

2” 1500 Class
Two-piece Cast Body
Duplex Stainless Steel
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OMB Valves

Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.5- Ball Valves

Ball Valve Example

TOP ENTRY
30”,900 Class
Cast Body
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Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.5- Ball Valves

Ball Valve Example

Top Entry
30” 900 Class
Forged Body
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OMB Valves

Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.5- Ball Valves

Three-Way Ball Valves
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Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.6- Butterfly Valves

• Consists of a disc which rotates about

a shaft in a housing.

• Disc closes against a ring seal to stop

flow.

• Used mainly in low pressure systems

where some leakage may be
tolerated.
 © 2006
OMB Valves

Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.7- Plug Valves

• Plug valves have the closure

member as a tapered plug
having a rectangular port.

• The plug is rotated through 90°

to open and close the valve.
 © 2006
OMB Valves

Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.8- Check Valves

• Check valves (also known as

non-return valves) are
automatic valves that
prevent a return or reverse
flow of the fluid.

• They require no external

force to operate.
 © 2006
OMB Valves

Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.8- Check Valves

Check Valve Examples

Dual Plate Wafer Type

Check Valve
• Main advantages :
- low weight
- small dimensions
- horizontal and vertical
installation
 © 2006
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Valves Classification – 2 .By Closure Member

2.8- Check Valves

Check Valve Examples

Check Valves
42” 600 Check Valve, featuring
buttweld ends and welded
pupjoints complete with
damping device (Shell Oman
Pipeline)