ISO/IEC 14443 Contactless Interface

Introduction

CAS – 2006
 Agenda ISO/IEC14443

• International Card Standards

• ISO/IEC 14443 Standard
• Abbreviations
• Parts 1 – 4
• PICC States
• Type A & B
• Coding & Modulation
• ISO Card Activation Sequence
• Comparison ISO7816 & ISO14443 Standards
• Regulations

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 International Standards

www.crcamp.com/standards/sdos.htm
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 ISO/IEC Card Standardization

Joint
JointTechnical
TechnicalCommittee
Committee(JTC)
(JTC)11

Other
Other Subcommittee
Subcommittee(SC)
(SC)17
17
Subcommittees
Subcommittees “ID-Cards”
“ID-Cards”

Working
WorkingGroup
Group(WG)
(WG)44 Working
WorkingGroup
Group(WG)
(WG)88
“Chip
“ChipCards”
Cards” “Contactless
“ContactlessIC
ICCards”
Cards”

ISO 7810 Task

TaskForce
Force(TF)
(TF)11 Task Task
TaskForce
Force(TF)
(TF)33
TaskForce
Force(TF)
(TF)22
“Close
“CloseCoupling”
Coupling” “Remote
“RemoteCoupling”
Coupling” “Vicinity
“VicinityCoupling”
Coupling”
“Contact”
ISO 7816 ISO 10536
ISO 14443 ISO 15693
Not used anymore

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 ISO/IEC 14443

Part 1: Physical characteristics

• Physical size of the ISO14443 card

Part 2: RF signal & power interface

• RF-interface (13.56 MHz, modulation, min. field-strength)
ƒ Type A: 100% modulation, Miller bit-coding
ƒ Type B: 10% modulation, NRZ bit-coding

Part 3: Initialization & anti-collision

• Start of communication (request, anti-collision, select card)
ƒ Type A: Bit-wise arbitration
ƒ Type B: Time-slot Method

Part 4: Transmission protocols

• Describes data exchange between reader and cards

The ISO14443 does not specify any specific application, security or encryption.

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 ISO / IEC 14443 standard - Abbreviations

ATQA Answer to Request ADC Application Data Coding

BCC Block Check Character AFI Application Family Identifier
CRC_A Cyclic Redundancy Check ATQB Answer to Request
HLTA Halt command, type A ATTRIB PICC selection command
ID Identification number CRC_B Cyclic Redundancy Check
PCD Proximity Coupling Device EGT Extra Guard Time
(reader/writer device) EOF End Of Frame
PICC Proximity Card HLTB Halt command
REQA Request command INF INFormation field belonging to
SAK Select Acknowledge higher layer
SELECT Select command N Number of anti-collision slots
UID Unique card Identifier PUPI Pseudo-Unique PICC Identifier
WUPA Wake-up command R Slot number chosen by PICC
REQB Request command
SOF Start Of Frame
TR0 Guard Time
TR1 Synchronization Time
WUPB Wake-up command
To purchase ISO14443 standard documents
please go to: http://www.ISO.ch

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 ISO/IEC 14443 Part 1

This part of the ISO/IEC 14443 specifies the PICC physical

characteristics.

Ö Physical Dimensions
Ö Ultra-violet light, X-rays
Ö Dynamic bending and torsion stress
Ö Alternating magnetic and electric field
Ö Static electricity and Static magnetic field
Ö Operating temperature

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 ISO/IEC 14443 Part 2

This part of the ISO/IEC 14443 specifies the RF power and

signal interface for Type A and Type B cards.

Ö Electrical Dimensions
Ö Initial dialogue for proximity card – Reader Talk First
Ö Frequency (13.56MHz + 7kHz)
Ö Operating magnetic field strength range: Hmin and Hmax
Ö Communication signal for Type A and Type B

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 ISO/IEC 14443 Part 2 Coding & Modulation

Type A Type B

Load Modulation Load Modulation

Subcarrier fc/16, 106kbit/s Subcarrier fc/16, 106kbit/s
ASK-Manchester BPSK-NRZ
PICC Î PCD
(Uplink) 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1

ASK 100% ASK 10%

Modified Miller, 106kbit/s NRZ, 106kbit/s
Fieldgap 40 cycles
PCD Î PICC
(Downlink) 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1

PCD … Proximity Coupling Device (Reader)

PICC … Proximity Integrated Circuit Card

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Technical aspects of interface
Downlink Modulation
(PCD to PICC)
Signal/noise ratio
Uplink Modulation
(PICC to PCD)
Anti Collision
Product Portfolio
Speed
Security
Power (energy eff.)
Large scale experience
Interoperability experience
(within one project)
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Comparison of type A and B
Type A Type B
100% ASK 10% ASK
modified Miller code NRZ code
Very high (30% noise tol.) Low (3% noise tolerance)
Load modulation, ASK Load modulation, BPSK
Manchester code NRZ code
Binary Search method Time slot method
µC and hardwired logic µC
no difference between Type A and Type B
no difference between Type A and Type B
no difference between Type A and Type B
Extensive; 500M cards, Limited
5M readers components <30M cards, 20K readers
Extensive, multi suppliers Limited, no multiple
for cards and readers vendors known
10
 Principle of Bit Wise Anticollision

Manchester Coding
data "1" "0"

Synchronous answer
PCD of all PICCs in the field
Anticollision
Anticollision UID form PICC 1 ”1" ”0" ”1" ”0"
11 00 11 00 00 00 PICC 1
UID form PICC 2 ”1" ”0" ”0" ”0"
11 00 00 00 00 00 PICC 2
FDT
”1" ”0" ”?" ”0"
PCD

PC D detects collision

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 Anti-collision (Collision Arbitration)

Unique identifier / serial number (UID) is basis for bitwise arbitration ...

Reader Anticollision 1xxx…. 1011xxx... Select 1011.....

(R/W) Device command

A) 1011.......
1011....... 1011....... 1011.......
1011....... 1011.......

MIFARE B) 1010.......
1010....... 1010.......
1010.......
cards
C) 0101.......
0101.......

time

Single remaining (selected) card can be authenticated for R/W operation ...

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 Card Activation Sequence 1

Type A Card
POWER OFF
State Diagram State

14443A-3 Power on Reset

HALT IDLE
State State

REQA Command
WAKE-UP
Command

READY Anticollision
State Loop

SELECT Command

• Request HALT
Command

ACTIVE
• Anti-Collision State
Application

• Select

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 Card Activation Sequence 2

PCD REQA PICC

Start
Start
ATQA

NO Bit
Bit frame
frame
ant collision
ant collision
supported?
supported?

ISO 14443-3 A
Proprietary
Proprietary
frames
YES Anticollision Loop *
frames and
and
protocol
protocol UID + SAK

MIFARE®®
MIFARE NO
SAK
SAK bit
bit 66 == 1?
1?
YES ISO
ISO 14443-4
14443-4
Classic
Classic (T=CL)
(T=CL)

* see next slide

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 Card Activation Sequence 3

PCD PICC
Anticollision L1
Anticollision
Anticollision Loop
Loop
UID0-UID3 or CT+UID0-UID2*

Select

ISO 14443-3 A
Select Acknowledge (SAK)

UID NO Anticollision L2 (L3)

UID
complete
complete ??
UID3(6)-UID6(9) or CT+UID3-UID5*
YES
Select

Select Acknowledge (SAK)

UID
UID &
& SAK
SAK

* The CT (= Cascade Tag, Type A) byte indicates that the UID is not received completely yet. It indicates that another
anticollision loop on the next higher cascade level is required to get the complete UID.

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 ISO14443 & ISO7816

ISO 7816 ISO 14443

Smart Card Smart Card
Contact Interface Contactless Interface

7816
7816- -3:3:Electronic
ElectronicSignals
Signalsand
and
Transmission Protocols
Transmission Protocols
Protocols
Protocols 14443 - 4
TT==“0”
“0”or
orTT=“1”,....
=“1”,.... Transmission Protocols
3 Parts
Manually
ManuallyInsert
InsertCard
Card 14443
14443- -33
Answer to Reset
Answer to Reset Initialisation
Initialisationand
andAnti-collision
Anti-collision

5V
5V/ /200
200mAmA 14443
14443- -22
Logic
Logic "0" = 0 to0,6V
"0" = 0 to 0,6V Radio
RadioFrequency
FrequencyPower
Powerand
andSignal
Signal

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